Examining the Validity of Selected Measures of Foot Type

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mathieson ◽  
Dominic Upton ◽  
Trevor D. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Reference Position ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Post Hoc

The rationale that subtalar joint position, reflected by calcaneal alignment, determines foot morphology was used to formulate an approach to examination of the validity of three measures of “foot type”: the Staheli Arch Index, the Chippaux-Smirak Index, and navicular height. Each measure was calculated in five positions, progressively inverting from a reference position of maximal comfortable eversion. Pearson product moment correlations (Staheli Arch Index: r = 0.5; Chippaux-Smirak Index: r = 0.6; and navicular height: r = 0.8) indicated that each measure progressively increased with inversion. The change in calcaneal position required to produce significant changes in each measure was investigated using analysis of variance with Scheffé post hoc analysis. This analysis revealed that changes of 15° and 20° were required to produce significant differences in Chippaux-Smirak Index and Staheli Arch Index scores, respectively, threatening their validity. Navicular height was sensitive to smaller changes of 10° and thus displays greater sensitivity to changes in calcaneal position than the footprint parameters tested. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 275–281, 2004)

Simultaneous Investigation of Effects of Distance of Projection and Object Size on Object Reception by Children in Grade 1

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gregory Payne
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Control Accuracy

This study examined simultaneously the effects of distance of projection (4-, 6-, and 8-horizontal ft.) and object size (6-, 8.5-in., and 10-in. diameter balls) on object reception by children in the first grade. 6 boys and 6 girls were randomly assigned to each of the 3 distances (36 subjects total). Each subject was administered 36 trials, 12 attempted catches with each ball size at their assigned distance. All balls were projected by a device designed to control accuracy as well as the angle of projection for projections to each distance. Each attempted catch was evaluated by a 5-point scale ( r = .96). Trials, sex, distance of projection, ball size, and related interactions were examined using a conventional analysis of variance. Ball size was the only significant main effect, but the interaction between ball size and sex was also significant. Post hoc analysis indicated that the 10-in. ball gave significantly more catching success than the 8.5- or the 6-in. ball. Although more success in catching was achieved with the larger ball sizes, no difference in catching was attributable to the varying distances. The sequences for catching success according to ball size at each distance were not significantly different.

Psychological Barriers to Achievement in Women

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois S. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Career Aspiration ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Personality Integration ◽  
Barriers To Achievement ◽  
Post Hoc

The IES Arrow-Dot was administered to 56 women in 14 graduate programs to examine the effects of birth order and stress when approaching career choice points on underlying personality integration. An analysis of variance yielded no significant differences for either variable, however, a post hoc analysis showed that correlation of Ego scores with stated level of career aspirations approached significance. Perhaps projected level of career aspiration may be explored when examining fear of success in women.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Leading Goal Scoring Pattern of Europe’s Top Five Football Leagues

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Premier League ◽  
European Football ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frequency Counts

Previous researchers have discussed goal-scoring patterns of different football leagues, but little has been done on leading or top goal scorer. In this study, the focus is on the relationship between leading goal scoring and final league position for the top five European leagues (Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga and Ligue 1). The five leagues are the current top leagues in Europe as ranked by the Union of European Football Association (UEFA). The data were obtained from the respective leagues’ football association websites. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to create frequency counts. Thereafter correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done using Minitab 18.0 and SPSS version 23. From the result, it was observed that there is a significant relationship between leading goal scoring and league positions for La Liga at a p value equals 0.013 and Germany at a p value equals 0.042, but no relationship for the remaining three leagues. Choosing the last 20 seasons only, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the final league positions of the clubs that produced the leading goal scorers are the same across the leagues at p value = 0.349. However, the opposite is the case of the goal-scoring pattern and p value < 0.005 were obtained. Further investigation using the Post Hoc analysis revealed that the goal-scoring pattern of leading goal scores in Spanish La Liga is significantly different from others.

scholarly journals Proliferation of B-lymphocytes in inflammatory and hematological diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Tamara Tesic ◽  
Dajana Lendak ◽  
Ivana Urosevic ◽  
Igor Mitic ◽  
Vanja Andric
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction. A proliferation-inducing ligand is a membrane binding protein that represents one of the main survival factors for immature, naive and activated B-cells, and is involved in the global immune response. The objective of this study was to determine whether plasma levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand may be used to assess the proliferation of B-lymphocytes in patients with bacterial infections, B-cell malignancies and autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Material and Methods. The study included 91 patients divided into three groups and 30 blood donors assigned to the control group. Group 1 included 34 patients with bacterial infections confirmed by microbiology and/or radiology diagnostic tests; group 2 included 32 patients with B-cell malignancies; and group 3 included 25 patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases. All plasma samples were assayed for a proliferation-inducing ligand using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The differences between groups were examined by one-way analysis of variance test and post hoc analysis. Results. One way analysis of variance test showed a statistically significant difference in concentrations of a proliferation-inducing ligand in the examined groups. The highest mean value of a proliferation-inducing ligand was found in patients with established bacterial infections (x? = 8,294 ng/ml). Post hoc analysis showed that a proliferation-inducing ligand levels in the plasma samples of patients with bacterial infections were significantly higher than in healthy controls, and patients with hematological and autoimmune diseases, respectively. Conclusion. B-cell proliferation was increased in patients with bacterial infections in regard to patients with other disorders. Therefore, a proliferation inducing ligand can be used to differentiate bacterial infections from other inflammatory disorders and may be helpful in decision making whether to start antibiotic treatment or not. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1912362E">10.2298/MPNS1912362E</a><u></b></font>

The Effects of Forearm Posture, Wrist Posture, Gender, and Hand on Three Peak Pinch Force Types

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Susan Hallbeck ◽  
Abe H. Kamal ◽  
Paul E. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Gender Category ◽  
Pinch Force ◽  
Post Hoc

In many industries the hand is utilized as a fixture, pinching in various wrist postures and forearm postures. In an effort to quantify the effects of wrist posture, forearm posture, gender, and dominant/non-dominant hand upon three peak pinch forces, a study was performed. Three pinch types were tested in this study: index pad pinch, middle pad pinch, and three-jaw chuck pinch force. For each pinch exertion condition, one of five wrist postures were employed: neutral, 45° extension, 65° extension, 45° flexion, and 65° flexion. Each pinch was also performed in one of three forearm postures: neutral, full pronation, and full supination. Ten subjects between 20–25 years of age within each gender category were tested giving a total of 20 subjects. Each subject was asked to build up to his or her maximal voluntary contraction using a modified Caldwell regimen, and hold that pinch level for three seconds. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significant effects (gender, hand, pinch type, wrist posture, and forearm posture) tested using post hoc analysis. The results and their implications are discussed.

Abstract #295 GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Death From Any Cause in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post-Hoc Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Toulis ◽  
Krishna Gokhale ◽  
G. Neil Thomas ◽  
Wasim Hanif ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract #245 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Sustain 7 Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Vanita Aroda ◽  
Danny Sugimoto ◽  
David Trachtenbarg ◽  
Mark Warren ◽  
Gurudutt Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

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