scholarly journals Control of some sunflower pests by seed treatment

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Tatjana Keresi ◽  
Radosav Sekulic ◽  
Stevan Masirevic ◽  
Gordana Forgic ◽  
Vlada Maric
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Soil Pests

During 2000 and 2002, several assays were carried out to study efficacy of insecticide treatment of sunflower seeds against soil pests (larvae of the Elateridae and Scarabaeidae families) and the corn weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll). Used in the trials were the following insecticides thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + tefluthrin, carboturan, fipronil and imidacloprid, and in first year granulated forat and liquid carbosulfan lindan. The parameters for evaluation of insecticides efficacy were stand density and the percentage of plants damaged by corn weevil. Majority of tested insecticides provided significantly higher stand density in relation to untreated control, so that can be used for dressing of sunflower seeds against soil pests under modest to middle populations. The most prospective are thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and carbofuran, that contain systemic properties and can protect young plants from pests of the above ground during early spring.

Comparative Effectiveness Of Seed Treating And Foliar Insecticides Against Sucking Pests Of Cotton And Impact On Their Natural Enemies

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMA Hossain ◽  
MA Baque ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

The Imidacloprid insecticide, Gaucho 70 WS at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg seed was used as seed treatment and monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha was applied as foliar spray on CB9 cotton cultivar to suppress aphid, whitefly and thrips, and impact on their natural enemies during 2008-2011 at the Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The activity of natural enemies, such as ladybird beetle, lacewing, syrphid, and spider population on the sucking pests attacking cotton cultivar CB9 and yield of cotton were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid, whitefly, and thrips population on cotton crops compared to untreated control or foliar spray of monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha. Ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids, and spiders were abundant in the field but their population decreased in the treated plots compared to untreated control. The CB9 cotton cultivar produced significantly higher yield (1.73 t/ha) with a benefit cost ratio 12.47 when seeds were treated with Imidacloprid at 5.5 g/kg fuzzy seed. This study indicated that Imidacloprid (Gaucho 70 WS) used as a seed treatment may be suggested to the cotton growers for controlling sucking pests. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 61-70, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15190

scholarly journals Effect of Vector Control and Foliar Nutrition on the Quality of Orange Juice Affected by Huanglongbing: Sensory Evaluation

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Plotto ◽  
Elizabeth Baldwin ◽  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
John Manthey ◽  
Smita Raithore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Negative Attributes

A 3-year study was undertaken to establish the effect of field nutritional sprays, combined with insecticide treatments or not against Asian Citrus psyllid, on the fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees affected by the greening disease Huanglongbing (HLB). Four replicated plots were harvested, juiced, and pasteurized. Nine to twelve trained panelists evaluated the juice using seven flavor, five taste, four mouthfeel and three aftertaste descriptors. There was little difference between treatments in 2013; only orange peel flavor and bitterness were significantly lower for the insecticide treatment. In 2014, positive attributes, such as orange and fruity flavor, sweetness and mouthfeel body, were significantly higher in the insecticide treatment. Sourness was highest in untreated control, and there were no differences between treatments for bitterness. In 2015, negative attributes, such as grapefruit, orange peel and typical HLB flavor, sourness, bitterness, and astringency, were significantly higher in untreated control fruit, suggesting perhaps that the beneficial effect of nutritional and insecticide treatments was cumulative, only manifesting on the 3rd year of the study, and or because of the progression of the disease affecting untreated controls. Data are discussed in relation to juice chemical composition, including volatiles, sugars, acids, limonoids, and flavonoids, adding to the fundamental knowledge concerning chemical drivers of orange flavor.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF LATE SPRING-EARLY SUMMER PASTURE SURPLUSES IN HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
R.W. Webby ◽  
W.J. Pengelly
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Animal Performances ◽  
Grazing Policy ◽  
Made In

Comparisons of controlling late spring to early summer pasture growth on either easy or steep contoured land with either a fast rotation or continuous grazing policy were made in self-contained farmlets for two years. Pasture control was maintained over more land by controlling steep land first and with continuous grazing. Animal performances (ewes, steers) were generally similar for the mid-November to early January treatment period, and subsequently until May shearing. In the first year better animal performances occurred in "steep control" farmlets during winter and early spring, but this was less evident in the second year. Priority control of steep land during late spring-early summer is recommended because of likely longer-term benefits in pasture composition,density and production. Quick rotation grazing through the period provides a better ability to recognise and manage pasture quantities and should be adopted if summer droughts are anticipated. For well fenced properties in summer-wet areas and with integrated stock grazing, continuous grazing during late spring-early summer may be equally suitable. Keywords: hill country, grazing management, pasture control

scholarly journals Arctic sea-ice albedo derived from RGPS-based ice-thickness estimates

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Arctic Sea

AbstractThe RADARSAT geophysical processor system (RGPS) uses sequential synthetic aperture radar images of Arctic sea ice taken every 3 days to track a large set of Lagrangian points over the winter and spring seasons. The points are the vertices of cells, which are initially square and 10 km on a side, and the changes in the area of these cells due to opening and closing of the ice are used to estimate the fractional area of a set of first-year ice categories. The thickness of each category is estimated by the RGPS from an empirical relationship between ice thickness and the freezing degree-days since the formation of the ice. With a parameterization of the albedo based on the ice thickness, the albedo may be estimated from the first-year ice distribution. We compute the albedo for the first spring processed by the RGPS, the early spring of 1997. The data include most of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. We find that the mean albedo is 0.79 with a standard deviation of 0.04, with lower albedo values near the edge of the perennial ice zone. The biggest source of error is likely the assumed rate of snow accumulation on new ice.

Winter Survival and Territory Acquisition in a Northern Population of Black-Capped Chickadees

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Desrochers ◽  
Susan J. Hannon ◽  
Kelly E. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Parus Atricapillus ◽  
Lower Ranking

Abstract We assessed the effects of winter food supplementation on differential survival between sex, age and dominance classes, and the effects of feeding and territorial defense on breeding density in a northern population of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus). Survival rates were higher in a food-supplemented area than in a control area, which suggests that food abundance limited winter survival. Survival was greater among males than lower-ranking females in 1 of 2 years, and greater in dominants than in subordinates, within sex and age classes. Survival of adults and first-year birds, however, did not differ significantly. In the 2 years of this study, a sharp decline of population size occurred at the onset of territoriality in spring. Birds that disappeared in spring were mainly subordinates of each sex. Breeding densities in control and feeder areas were similar in the two years. Eight of 14 territorial birds removed in 2 years were replaced, implying that a nonbreeding surplus was present in early spring.

Effect of seed biopriming with indigenous PGPR, Rhizobia and Trichoderma sp. on growth, seed yield and incidence of diseases in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivangi Negi ◽  
Narender K. Bharat ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Seed Biopriming ◽  
Final Harvest

The effect of seed biopriming with different bioagents including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR-1), rhizobial biofertilizer (Rhizobium strain B1) and biological control agent (Trichoderma viride) was observed on plant growth, seed yield and incidence of diseases in French bean cv. Contender conducting a field experiment during kharif season in the year 2017 and 2018. Under field conditions in both the years, field emergence (95.18 %), plant height at 30 days after sowing (34.09 cm), plant height at final harvest (56.99 cm), days to pod harvest (52.33), harvest duration (18.67), pod length at final harvest (16.83 cm), number of pods per plant (20.17), dry pod weight (2.72 g), pod yield per plant (38.64 g), number of seeds per pod (7.17), seed yield per plant (20.76 g), seed yield per plot (875.33 g), seed yield per hectare (23.34 q), 100 seed weight (34.19 g), quality of harvested seeds were recorded significantly higher after seed biopriming with PGPR-1+ Rhizobium strain B1 (T4) as compared to carbendazim seed treatment and untreated control. This treatment combination also reduced the incidence of major diseases like, Rhizoctonia root rot and Angular leaf spot significantly as compared to carbendazim seed treatments and untreated control. It can be concluded from the present investigation that seed biopriming of French bean cv. Contender with PGPR-1+Rhizobium strain B1 @ 109cfu/ml for 8 hours was an effective treatment which significantly improved plant growth, pod yield, seed yield, seed quality and seed vigour and reduced disease incidence as compared to seed treatment with carbendazim @ 0.2% as well as untreated control under field conditions.

A Subice Suction Corer for Sampling Epontic Ice Algae

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Welch ◽  
Martin A. Bergmann ◽  
John K. Jorgenson ◽  
William Burton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
Sources Of Error

Standard SIPRE coring was compared with a new Subice Suction Corer and cores taken by diver for the quantitative assessment of epontic (subice) algae on first-year congelation sea ice at Resolute, N.W.T., Canada (≈75°N). The diver cores were probably most accurate but were slow and costly. SIPRE coring was as good as other techniques in late winter and early spring but gave progressively poorer (under) estimates as the season progressed, with up to 90% of the ice algae being lost from SIPRE cores by June. The Subice Suction Corer was fast, easy to operate, cheap, and gave results comparable with samples obtained by diving. Sources of error are discussed.

The influence of cultural factors and mildew on yield of winter barley

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bainbridge ◽  
M. E. Finney ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Half Seed ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Late Sowing

SummaryIn experiments on winter barley in 1975–6 and 1977–8 early or late sowing, full or half seed rate, nitrogen applied in March or April and tridemorph spray applied in autumn, early spring and late spring were assessed factorially in all combinations for their effects on mildew development, crop growth and grain yield.Date of sowing had the biggest effect on yield. Early-sown crops (24 September 1975, 6 October 1977) greatly out-yielded the late-sown; by 79·8% in the first year and 53·9% in the second. Late sowing (6 November 1975, 2 November 1977) approximately halved plant emergence. Although late-sown plants developed more tillers, more grains per ear and larger grain this failed to compensate for the thinner stand.Sowing at half seed rate did not decrease yield when compared with the crop sown at the full seed rate on the same date. In contemporaneous crops extra tillering and larger ears generally compensated for fewer plants.The effect of date of applying N was variable. April N gave the best yield in the early· and late-sown crops in 1975–6 and in the late-sown crop in 1977–8. However, in the early-sown crop in the second year March N was best. Number of ears was increased in early-sown crops by March N but date of N application had no influence on number of ears in late-sown crops or on the number of grains per ear in any crop.The winter of 1975–6 was mild and mildew developed on both early· and late-sown crops throughout their growth.Single tridemorph sprays applied in autumn (14 November) to the early-sown crop or winter (25 February) to the late-sown crop or early spring (9 April) to both crops gave significant yield increases of 6·3–7·6%. Applying two sprays, one in autumn or winter plus one in early spring gave an increase equal to the sum of each applied separately. A late spring spray (14 May) had no significant effect on yield. The 1977–8 winter was colder and although mildew was moderate on the early-sown crop in autumn it was almost absent from this experiment after winter. Spraying failed to increase yield significantly.

Seasonal Changes in Callose Levels and Fluorescein Translocation in the Phloem of Vitis Vinifera L.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Aloni ◽  
Carol A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Sieve Plates

The secondary phloem of Vitis vinifera L. is characterised by a radial gradient of sieve tube diameters. Sieve tubes maturing early in the growing season have the largest diameters; those maturing late in the season have the smallest. In early spring, masses of winter dormancy callose are gradually digested in a polar radial pattern, proceeding outwards from the cambium. The fluorescent dye, fluorescein, was used to detect translocation in sieve tubes. During spring, dye translocation was first observed in the wider sieve tubes produced near the end of the previous year and wh ich had reduced amounts of callose. But translocation was not observed in the very narrow sieve tubes formed at the end of the year although they were the first to be callose free. The reactivated sieve tubes functioned for about one month. New sieve tubes differentiated three weeks after dormancy callose breakdown and started to function about one week later, so that the transition of translocation activity from the sieve tubes of the previous year to those of the current year is relatively rapid. The sieve tubes formed toward the end of the growing season (but not the narrowest ones formed at the very end of the season) function during parts of two successive seasons, while the sieve tubes forrned early in the season usually function during the first year only. Callose amounts increase gradually during summer in both the old and new sieve tubes and become relatively heavy in the old ones. At this developmental stage, translocation occurs through young sieve plates with relatively high callose deposits.

scholarly journals Influence of endophyte infected fescue on serum concentrations of leptin in female ruminants

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 373-375
Author(s):  
J.M. Burke ◽  
D.H. Keisler ◽  
R.W. Rorie
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Cow Calf

The objective was to determine whether leptin played a role in abnormal reproductive function in ruminant females fed endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue. Cow-calf pairs grazed endophyte-free (EF) or EI tall fescue starting in mid-April (early spring) for 2 years and yearling ewes were fed an EF or EI fescue seed diet for up to 37 days to examine signs of fescue toxicosis and measure serum concentrations of leptin. Signs of fescue toxicosis were present in EI fed cows and ewes. Serum concentrations of leptin were reduced in cows grazing EI compared with EF fescue from mid- to late May in the first year grazing trial, but not the second and were similar between EF and EI-fed ewes. Leptin concentrations also were reduced in cows which grazed EI fescue in the first year and lost a pregnancy before 126 days of gestation compared with cows that maintained. The mechanisms of increased embryonic losses in cows experiencing fescue toxicosis is not known, but may be associated with reduced nutritional status of the pregnant animal. Keywords: cows, ewes, fescue, leptin, reproduction

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