scholarly journals Mite pests in plant crops: Current issues, inovative approaches and possibilities for controlling them: Part 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Radmila Petanovic ◽  
Dejan Marcic ◽  
Biljana Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Physical Measures ◽  
Urban Horticulture

Part one discusses some principal mite pests in agroecosystems and urban horticulture in European countries, Serbia and its neighbouring countries focusing primarily on issues with regard to plant production, novel methods and approaches in applied acaralogy. Part two displays some major properties of acaricides inhibiting respiration, growth and development and other synthetic substances with acaricide action on the market in the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. Also some products of natural origin (azadirachtin, oils, micoacaricides) are said to be gaining in importance. Issues with regard to the fact that mites can readily develop resistance to acardicides are discussed and a survey on the results of biochemical, physiological and genetical causes of resistance are analyzed. Some basic principles of biological control of phytophagous mites and modern advances and approaches are discussed as well as current knowledge on host plant resistance to mites. Eventually, the possibility of using a combination of selective acaricides and biological control agents is discussed but also the inclusion of other modes of control (agricultural practices and physical measures) expected to contribute to an integrated management of pest populations.

scholarly journals Biological control agents in the integrated nematode management of potato in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Economic Significance

Abstract Background Potato represents Egypt’s largest vegetable export crop. Many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are globally inflicting damage to potato plants. In Egypt, their economic significance considerably varies according to PPN distribution, population levels, and pathogenicity. Main body This review article highlights the biology, ecology, and economic value of the PPN control viewpoint. The integration of biological control agents (BCAs), as sound and safe potato production practice, with other phytosanitary measures to manage PPNs is presented for sustainable agriculture. A few cases of BCA integration with such other options as synergistic/additive PPN management measures to upgrade crop yields are reviewed. Yet, various attributes of BCAs should better be grasped so that they can fit in at the emerging and/or existing integrated management strategies of potato pests. Conclusion A few inexpensive biocontrol products, for PPNs control on potato, versus their corresponding costly chemical nematicides are gathered and listed for consideration. Hence, raising awareness of farmers for making these biologicals familiar and easy to use will promote their wider application while offering safe and increased potato yield.

scholarly journals Leaf-Cutter Ant Parasitoids: Current Knowledge

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Folgarait
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Future

This review updates and summarizes the current knowledge about the interaction of leaf-cutter ants and their parasitoids by providing comparable data forAcromyrmexandAttaants. First, an overview of the relevant aspects of the biology and taxonomy of leaf cutters and of their parasitoids is provided. Second, I show the peculiarities of the parasitoids attacking behaviors towards their host as well as the responses or ant defenses against the phorids exhibited by their hosts. Third, I discuss relevant aspects of the interactions between hosts and parasitoids. Finally, the review ends demonstrating why these phorids could be promising biological control agents of leaf-cutter pests and suggests priority lines of research for the future.

scholarly journals The Role of Bacillus-Based Biological Control Agents in Integrated Pest Management Systems: Plant Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Jacobsen ◽  
N. K. Zidack ◽  
B. J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Management Tools

Bacillus-based biological control agents (BCAs) have great potential in integrated pest management (IPM) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other IPM management tools. Unfortunately, most research has focused on BCAs as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. IPM has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for IPM definition: “A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks.” This review will examine the integrated use of Bacillus-based BCAs with disease management tools, including resistant cultivars, fungicides or bactericides, or other BCAs. This integration is important because the consistency and degree of disease control by Bacillus-based BCAs is rarely equal to the control afforded by the best fungicides or bactericides. In theory, integration of several tools brings stability to disease management programs. Integration of BCAs with other disease management tools often provides broader crop adaptation and both more efficacious and consistent levels of disease control. This review will also discuss the use of Bacillus-based BCAs in fungicide resistance management. Work with Bacillus thuringiensis and insect pest management is the exception to the relative paucity of reports but will not be the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Potential of Biological Control Agents AgainstTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Current Knowledge in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
María G. Luna ◽  
Patricia C. Pereyra ◽  
Carlos E. Coviella ◽  
Eliana Nieves ◽  
Vivina Savino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Control Agents

Herbivory by Biological Control Agents Improves Herbicidal Control of Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Tipping ◽  
Lyn A. Gettys ◽  
Carey R. Minteer ◽  
Jeremiah R. Foley ◽  
Samantha N. Sardes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Classical biological control of waterhyacinth is difficult to evaluate against the backdrop of active herbicide programs. Two experiments evaluated the additive impact of herbivory by two biological control agents with three different rates of 2,4-D on waterhyacinth growth and development in outdoor concrete mesocosms. The herbicide 2,4-D was applied at three rates: (1) control (no herbicide), (2) reduced (2.1 kg ai ha−1), and (3) operational (4.3 kg ai ha−1). Biomass of waterhyacinth populations was reduced by 16.9% by biological control only, 10.5% by the reduced rate of herbicide alone, 44.6% by the operational rate, and 97.3% and 99.9% by the combination of biological control and the reduced and operational rates of herbicides, respectively. These results quantified the relative contributions of both tactics to waterhyacinth management and posit the question of whether further reductions in 2,4-D rates are possible without sacrificing efficacy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola and its impact on Parthenium hysterophorus in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seerjana Maharjan ◽  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Bharat Babu Shrestha ◽  
Chitra Bahadur Baniya ◽  
Muniappan Rangaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Roadside Survey ◽  
Seed Output ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Partheniumhysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Nepal. Among 11 species of biological control agents released to control P. hysterophorus in Ausrtalia, winter rust Puccina abrupta var. partheniicola arrived fortuitously and has established in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, nearly a decade back. However, the prevalence and effectiveness of this rust as a biological control agent in Kathmandu remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a roadside survey was done at an interval of 2 ± 0.25 km in Kathmandu Valley to assess the P. abrupta var. partheniicola incidence and its impacts on P. hysterophorus. Infested individuals of P. hysterophorus were further divided into four severity classes (very low, low, medium, and high), and rust incidence was calculated. The impact of the winter rust on the growth of P. hysterophorus was assessed by comparing biomass and seed output of infested and non-infested individuals. Results Among 81 locations where P. hysterophorus was present in the Kathmandu Valley, winter rust infestation was observed at 98% locations. At some locations within Kathmandu Valley such as Tinkune, Kirtipur, Chabahil, Buddha Chowk, and Dhobighat, the impacts of the rust on P. hysterophorus were medium to high. Aboveground biomass and seed output of P. hysterophorus were reduced by 47% and 73%, respectively, due to winter rust infestation. The study indicates that winter rust incidence is widespread in Kathmandu Valley with very low to high levels of damages to P. hysterophorus depending on the localities. Conclusion The rust has, therefore, a potential to reduce the growth performance of P. hysterophorus, and it can be used as a component of integrated management of P. hysterophorus by introducing to other suitable areas in Nepal.

scholarly journals Development of Technology and Popularization of Biological Control Agents for Integrated Management of Coconut Leaf Rot Disease*

CORD ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Coconut is an important social crop of livelihood concern for millions of small- medium farmers. Leaf rot disease (due to a fungal complex-Colletotrichum gloeosoprioides, Exserohilum rostratum and Fusarium solani as major pathogens), in association with root (wilt), is a major problem of coconut in southern districts of Kerala besides certain districts in Tamil Nadu etc. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) has evolved biological control technology for integrated management of leaf rot to improve the health of disease affected palms. Application of biocontrol agents in the disease affected areas was aimed for creation of widespread awareness on eco-friendly disease management, crop sustenance and in realizing human resource potential. Effective strains of biocontrol agents-Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride-were evolved, their multiplications in media including coconut water standardized and the antagonists’ processed into bioformulations (totally 2000 Kg. talc formulations evolved distributed/utilized). Coconut gardens and rural groups in various districts of southern Kerala (Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Idukki, Ernakulam and Thrissur), various blocks in Theni district besides specified blocks in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu could be selected. Through effective contacts with extension-developmental agencies, coconut Research & Development (R&D) meetings etc. reached out to rural people and implemented the technology of mass production-use of biological control agents, and knowledge imparted to rural people. Conducted trainings and allied programmes by on-campus trainings (396 beneficiaries), off-campus trainings (1854 beneficiaries), household/field contacts of rural people (689 beneficiaries) and other awareness programmes encompassing lectures, interfaces etc. (661 beneficiaries) and enlightened women, rural people, youths etc. representing various locations (totally 3600 beneficiaries in three years). Field demonstrations of disease management with biological control agents in coconut gardens (55 units) besides clusters-compact gardens (1850 coconut palms) were also done. Also, promotional materials were made available to various stakeholders. An innovative participatory programme implementation approach for technology transfer was the outcome of the work. Creation of widespread awareness, percolation of knowledge on biocontrol agents to women and other rural people could be visualized that would go a long way.

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