scholarly journals Effects of 50°C temperature on Sitophilus granarius (L.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Prazic-Golic ◽  
Goran Andric ◽  
Petar Kljajic
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
F1 Generation

Adults of laboratory populations of granary weevil (S. granarius), rice weevil (S. oryzae) and maize weevil (S. zeamais) were exposed at the temperature of 50?C to determine lethal time (parameters LT20, LT50 and LT99) and progeny production/reduction in F1 generation at mentioned temperature. For each exposure and each species 25 adults aged 2-5 weeks, in four replicates, were used. In the first treatment, the insects were exposed for 6, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26 and 30 min in plastic dishes (V=200 cm3) with 1.8 ? 0.2g of untreated coarse wheat. In the second treatment, in dishes with 100 g of untreated wheat grain the adults were exposed for 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 165 and 180 min. After the exposure, the adults were placed in 100 g of untreated wheat grain, in four replicates, at 25 ? 1?C and 60 ? 5% r.h., for recovery. After one, two and seven days of recovery, the weevils were separated by sifting of wheat, and the mortality was determined, and after total period of eight weeks from the exposure of parents, the effect on progeny in F1 generation was determined. Lethal time for weevils was determined by probit analysis, and progeny production/reduction by analysis of variance. After weevils exposure in coarse wheat and after one, two and seven days of recovery, S. oryzae adults were the most susceptible (LT50 12.48-13.68 min), and the most tolerant were adults of S. granarius (LT50 17.79-20.89 min). After insects exposure in wheat grain, the most susceptible were S. granarius and S. oryzae (LT50 107.11-120.73 min), and the most tolerant S. zeamais (LT50 139.90-155.35 min). After exposure of parents of all three weevil species, in coarse wheat, progeny reduction at 100% level is after 22 min. However, after exposure of parents of all three weevil species in wheat grain, progeny reduction at 100% level in S. granarius is after 130 min, in S. oryzae after 150 min, and at 99.7% level in S. zeamais after 180 min. The investigations indicated that short-term exposure of weevils from Sitophilus genus at the temperature of 50?C adversely affects their survival and progeny production, as well as that there is a potential for its successful use as a physical measure in control of storage pest insects.

scholarly journals Effects of spinosad and abamectin on different populations of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in treated wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Andric ◽  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Marijana Prazic-Golic
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Natural Insecticides

In laboratory conditions (25?1.C and 60?5% r.h.) effects of natural insecticides spinosad and abamectin on five S. oryzae populations (laboratory, Sid, Gornji Milanovac, Zabari and Novi Pazar) were investigated. Both insecticides for all tested populations were applied to untreated wheat grain at following rates 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg AI/kg, subsequently 25 adults were added in each plastic vessels (V=200 cm3) containing 50 g of treated wheat, in four replicates, for each population tested. Mortality of weevils was determined after 2-, 7- and 14-days, and the effect on progeny production was determined 8-weeks from parental exposure. Efficacy of spinosad and abamectin after 2-days of weevil exposure for all tested populations and all application rates was <15%. After 7-days of exposure, the efficacy was ?95% for weevils from Zabari, in wheat treated with 2 mg/kg of spinosad and abamectin, and for weevils from Gornji Milanovac, only in wheat treated with 2 mg/kg of spinosad. After 14-days of exposure the efficacy ?95% was found for laboratory weevils and weevils from Zabari and Gornji Milanovac, in wheat treated with 1 and 2 mg/kg of spinosad, and for S. oryzae from Novi Pazar and Sid, in wheat treated with 2 mg/kg of spinosad. At the same time for all tested populations abamectin at rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg was 94-100% efficien t. No insecticide achieved total (100%) progeny reduction in tested populations of S. oryzae, while high progeny reduction (?95%) was found only in weevils which were in contact with wheat treated with 1 and 2 mg/kg of abamectin. The results showed that for highly efficient control of different populations of S. oryzae in wheat grain, ?2 mg/kg of abamectin, and, particularly, spinosad should be applied.

scholarly journals Effects of sublethal doses of contact insecticides on offspring production of different granary weevil populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Ilija Peric
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Contact Insecticides ◽  
F1 Generation

The effects of prior contact of granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) parents from a laboratory population, a Belgrade Port population (selected with LD70 pirimiphos-methyl) and a Bijeljina population (selected with LD70 deltamethrin) with filter paper treated with sublethal doses (LD20 and LD50) of the insecticides dichlorvos, malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin on offspring production of the surviving insects in F1 generation (after 10 weeks) and F2 generation (after 16 weeks) in untreated wheat grain was examined under laboratory conditions. Offspring reduction of laboratory weevils was highest at 96% in the F1 generation after parents' contact with LD50 dichlorvos, and lowest in F2 generation after contact with LD50 pirimiphos-methyl with 84% more insects than in the control. The highest offspring reduction of selected weevils from Belgrade Port, 83%, was recorded in F1 generation after treatment with LD50 dichlorvos and chlopyrifos-methyl, and the lowest in F1 and F2 generations after contact with LD50 pirimiphos-methyl, around 44%. The highest offspring reduction of the selected weevils from Bijeljina, 100%, was found in F1 and F2 generations after contact with LD50 dichlorvos, malathion and deltamethrin, and the lowest again in F1 and F2 generations after contact with LD20 chlorpyrifos-methyl, in which case insect numbers were some 130% higher than in the control. The results indicate that sublethal insecticide doses, apart from a significant decrease in their efficacy against treated granary weevil populations, may also provoke an increase in insect numbers in the following generations.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetics and derived phylogenic relationship among Sitophilus grain weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Avelar Silva ◽  
Lucas Soares Braga ◽  
Alberto Soares Corrêa ◽  
Valerie Renee Holmes ◽  
John Spencer Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Weevil Species

Cytogenetic characteristics and genome size are powerful tools for species characterization and identification of cryptic species, providing critical insights into phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.SitophilusLinnaeus, 1758 grain weevils can benefit from such tools as key pest species of stored products and also as sources of archeological information on human history and past urban environments. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationship among these weevil species remains controversial and is largely based on single DNA fragment analyses. Therefore, cytogenetic analyses and genome size determinations were performed for fourSitophilusgrain weevil species, namely the granary weevilSitophilusgranarius(Linnaeus, 1758), the tamarind weevilS.linearis(Herbst, 1797), the rice weevilS.oryzae(Linnaeus, 1763), and the maize weevilS.zeamaisMotschulsky, 1855. Both maize and rice weevils exhibited the same chromosome number (2n=22; 10 A + Xyp). In contrast, the granary and tamarind weevils exhibited higher chromosome number (2n=24; 11 A + Xyp and 11 A + neo-XY, respectively). The nuclear DNA content of these species was not proportionally related to either chromosome number or heterochromatin amount. Maize and rice weevils exhibited similar and larger genome sizes (0.730±0.003 pg and 0.786±0.003 pg, respectively), followed by the granary weevil (0.553±0.003 pg), and the tamarind weevil (0.440±0.001 pg). Parsimony phylogenetic analysis of the insect karyotypes indicate thatS.zeamaisandS.oryzaewere phylogenetically closer thanS.granariusandS.linearis, which were more closely related and share a more recent ancestral relationship.

Stored Wheat Insect Infestation Related to Uric Acid as Determined by Liquid Chromatography

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
Randy L Wehling ◽  
David L Wetzel ◽  
John R Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Late Instar

Abstract Liquid chromatography is used to measure the uric acid content of wheat internally infested by various growth stages of granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), and lesser grain borer (Ryzopertha dominica). Good correlation exists between numbers of insects and uric acid content of grain infested by a given stage of an internally infesting stored product insect, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.970 to 0.998. Uric acid content of infested grain increases as the insect life cycle progresses, with granary weevil producing the greatest quantities of uric acid followed in order by rice weevil and lesser grain borer. A detection limit for the analytical procedure of less than 1.0 ppm uric acid allows detection of infestation levels as low as one kernel per 100 g grain for late instar granary weevil larvae. This limit is sufficiently sensitive to detect levels of infestation that may be commonly encountered in commerce.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Populations of Stored Product Insects

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Maria K. Sakka ◽  
Fotini Gatzali ◽  
Vaios T. Karathanos ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Commercial Nitrogen ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

In this study, we evaluated nitrogen treatment on phosphine-resistant field and -susceptible laboratory populations of different stored product beetles. Nine trials were conducted in commercial nitrogen chambers with the O2 level set at 1.0%. Two different temperatures—i.e., 28 and 40 °C—and three exposure intervals—i.e., 2.5, 3 and 9 d—were used in our tests. Adults of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae); the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were used in the trials. The insects were placed in vials with different commodities per species and population, and their mortality was measured after the termination of each trial. Then, the vials were kept in incubator chambers at 25 °C and 65% relative humidity for 65 d to measure progeny production. Complete parental mortality was observed in all cases for O. surinamensis and S. oryzae, but there was some survival for T. castaneum at 28 °C and 3 d of exposure. In general, progeny production was completely (100%) suppressed, with some exceptions for all species and populations. The results indicate that low oxygen is effective for all species tested, regardless of their resistance status to phosphine, and can be further adopted as an alternative method to mitigate resistance in stored product beetles.

scholarly journals Uji Beberapa Dosis Tepung Daun Gamal (Gliricididia sepium Jacq.) Terhadap Sitophilus oryzae L. Pada Beras Di Penyimpanan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rusli Rustam ◽  
Agus Sutikno ◽  
Jamiatul Laila
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Levels

Rice is one of serealea comodity that susceptible with pest storage. One of the pest that often attack the rice in storage is Sitophilus oryzae L. The alternative for control S. oryzae L. as fumigant which enviromentally sound is Gliricidia sepium Jacq. as organic insecticide. This research aims to get the best dose G. sepium Jacq. leaf powder to control S. oryzae L. pest in rice storage. This research conducted at Laboratory of Plant Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Pekan baru from Mei until Juni 2016. This research arranged experimentally by using Completely Randomized Design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consist of 5 dose levels were 0 g/100 g rice, 2 g/100 g rice, 4 g/100 g rice, 6 g/100 g rice and 8 g/100 g rice. The result showed that giving of G. sepium Jacq. leaf powder with dose 8 g/100 g rice causes time of death beginningS. oryzae L. during 31.50 hours after application, lethal time 50 during 282.8 hours after application, total mortality was 70%, amount of generation was 9,75 beetles and  decrease of seed weight’s rice was 1.08%.

scholarly journals Comparison of insecticidal efficacy of four natural substances against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults: does the combined use of the substances improve their efficacy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bohinc ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Impact

Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of different natural inert dusts (diatomaceous earth, wood ash, quartz sand) and the leaf powder of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius [L.]) adults. The efficacy of the substances was tested individually and in combination with each other. The substances were applied at different concentrations, and bioassays were carried out at four different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and two different relative humidity (RH) levels (55% and 75%). The adult mortality was recorded after the 7th, 14th and 21st days of exposure. The progeny production of individuals exposed to different combinations was also assessed. Wood ash proved to be the most efficient inert dust in our research. We detected 100% mortality in the treatment exposed to a higher concentration (5 w%) of wood ash at 35°C and 55% RH after 7 days of exposure. A lower RH level had also a negative impact on the progeny production. We can conclude that wood ash can be efficient in controlling granary weevil adults as a single substance or in combination with other substances. Further surveys should focus on the impact of the wood ash dose rates. Due to the high percentage of area covered with forest in some European countries, the main ingredient is present locally, but additional surveys are needed to help improve the practical use of wood ash.

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