scholarly journals Control of mushroom sciarid fly Lycoriella inguena (Dufour) with an azadirachtin-based insecticide

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Tanja Drobnjakovic ◽  
Dejan Marcic ◽  
Ivana Potocnik ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Mirjana Prijovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

The impact of a bioinsecticide based on azadirachtin (Ozoneem trishul 1 %) on the abudance of mushroom flies (Sciaridae: Diptera) was compared to the effect of a commercial formulation of the malathion-based chemical insecticide Etiol tecni. Experiments were conducted in three growing chambers (B6, B7 and B8) of a commercial mushrom farm ?Delta Danube? d.o.o., Kovin. Casing treatments were performed in eight replications in a random block design. The azadirachtin-based bioinsecticide was applied in chamber B8 four times (0.5 ml/m2): during casing and later at seven-day intervals. The standard chemical insecticide based on malathion was applied in chambers B6 and B7 twice (2 x 0.3 ml/m2), on the third and sixth day after casing. In all three chambers, the abudance of mushroom flies was monitored by using yellow sticky traps, which were collected weekly and replaced with new ones four times at seven days intervals. The yellow sticky traps were examined in the laboratory under a binocular microscope to determine the presence and density of mushroom flies. Only one species of mushroom fly, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour), was found on the yellow sticky traps throughout the experimental period. The average number of sciarid flies per mushroom block 15 and 22 days after treatment (DAT) was significantly lower in the test chamber B8 than in chambers B7 and B6, while there was no significant difference 30 and 36 DAT, compared to the control chamber B6. The average number of sciarid flies per mushroom row throughout the experiment was significantly lower in the test chamber B8 than in chambers B6 and B7. The results of our study suggest that the azadirachtin-based bioinsecticide can suppress populations of the mushroom fly L. ingenua and may provide a good alternative to conventional chemical insecticide.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

Natural Enemy Community Composition and Impact on Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs in Minnesota Apple Orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailey N Shanovich ◽  
Brian H Aukema ◽  
Robert L Koch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Predator Abundance ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Abstract Halyomorpha halys is an invasive, polyphagous insect that feeds on many major crops, including apple. Statewide monitoring in Minnesota has shown continued increase of H. halys populations and occurrence of this pest in apple orchards. Potential arthropod natural enemies of H. halys and other pests have not been studied in Minnesota apple orchards. The purpose of this study was to characterize the composition of natural enemy communities; compare their abundances, richness and diversities between apple cultivars using different sampling methods; and assess the impact of natural enemies on sentinel eggs of H. halys in Minnesota apple orchards. Sampling occurred during the summers of 2017 and 2018 on Zestar! and Honeycrisp cultivars in four different apple orchards. In vacuum samples, arachnids, neuropterans, and coccinellids had the highest relative abundances. On yellow sticky traps, anthocorids were the most abundant. The total predator abundance differed between the cultivars sampled across years, with more predators found on Zestar! compared with Honeycrisp. No differences were observed in richness or diversity between cultivars with the exception of yellow sticky traps in 2017, which showed a greater diversity of predators in Zestar!. Despite the abundance of natural enemies sampled, sentinel egg masses deployed in the orchards each summer suffered on average <2% predation and no parasitism across years. Knowledge of differences in predator abundance between cultivars could inform management decisions; however, with current management practices, the potential for biological control of H. halys in conventional apple orchards appears low.

Effect of Trap Size on Efficiency of Yellow Sticky Traps for Sampling Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults in Corn

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Youngman ◽  
T. P. Kuhar ◽  
D. G. Midgarden
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Field studies were conducted in Virginia cornfields in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effect of trap size on numbers of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte adults caught on unbaited Pherocon AM and Olson yellow sticky traps. No significant differences in trapping efficiency (i.e., catch per unit area) were detected on Pherocon AM traps whose sizes had been reduced by either 50% or 75% when compared with standard Pherocon AM no-bait traps. Likewise, no significant difference in trapping efficiency was detected between Olson traps whose sizes had been reduced 50% and full-size Olson traps (212.9 cm2). However, significantly more western corn rootworm adults per unit area were caught on Olson yellow sticky traps compared to Pherocon AM traps whose sizes had been reduced 50%. Comparative costs and precision values for reduced-size Pherocon AM and Olson yellow sticky traps are discussed.

scholarly journals PSIV-20 Impact of OutPace® Feed Additive on nursery pig growth performance: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bass ◽  
Stacie Crowder ◽  
Terry Weeden ◽  
Murali Raghavendra Rao ◽  
Brenda de Rodas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract OutPace® Feed Additive (OP), contains a carefully researched blend of activated medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs; PMI, Arden Hills, MN), formulated to help mitigate the effects of stress in nursery pigs. Several studies using OP in both late and full nursery periods resulted in improved pig performance. A meta-analysis using 9 studies (4 studies during late nursery [15 to 26.8 kg BW] and 5 studies during the full nursery [5.9 to 25.4 kg]) was done to determine the impact of OP (included at 0.25% Phase 1 and 2; 0.125% Phase 3) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion. The combined data was considered a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance was completed with mixed models using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) and least squares means were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (P < 0.05). In the analysis of 5 studies conducted in late nursery (45 pens/treatment of 6 to 20 pigs/pen), pigs provided OP had higher average daily gain (0.67 vs 0.63 kg/d; P < 0.05), increased average daily feed intake (0.99 vs 0.97 kg/d; P < 0.05), and improved feed efficiency (0.67 vs 0.65 kg gain/kg feed intake; P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed control diets. Additionally, when pigs were provided OP throughout the nursery period (20 pens/treatment of 7 to 20 pigs/pen), average daily gain was increased 6.1% (0.48 vs 0.45 kg/d; P < 0.05), average daily feed intake tended to be increased 2.2% (0.62 vs 0.61 kg/d; P < 0.1), and feed efficiency was improved 2.7% (0.76 vs 0.74 kg gain/kg feed intake; P < 0.05) compared to pigs provided control diets. In conclusion, providing OP to pigs during the nursery period improved ADG and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth assessment of juvenile oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) intercropped with fruit vegetables in a rainforest zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Ayodele Samuel OLUWATOBI ◽  
Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE ◽  
Olabisi Fatimo ADEKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Assessment

<p>Improper intercropping of <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> with other crops has impaired the growth and development of the oil palm due to competition for environmental resources. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of intercropping on the growth of juvenile oil palm for 2 years. The research commenced during the rainy season of 2016 at an established juvenile oil palm plantation in Ala, Akure-North Local Government of Ondo State. Four fruit vegetables were intercropped separately within the alley of the plantation at 1, 2 or 3 m away from the oil palms in a randomized complete block design. Growth parameters of the juvenile oils were assessed. Results revealed that at 16 weeks after intercropping (WAI), the intercropped oil palm recorded better growth performance with higher canopy spread, number of frond, number of leaflets and trunk height (218.20, 37.00, 87.48 and 38.17 cm) respectively, than the sole oil palms (214.67, 32.83, 72.89 and 31.67 cm) respectively. There were no significant difference in all the growth parameters examined except canopy height (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Juvenile oil palm cultivated in rainforest agroecological zone of Nigeria can be intercropped with fruit vegetables without any deleterious effect when intercropped at minimum of 1 m away from the oil palms.</p>

Influence of contrasting canopy architecture on yield of maize hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Ahsan Areeb ◽  
Rana Nauman Shabir ◽  
Saad Ullah ◽  
Noman Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The yield and productivity of maize is influenced by several factors of which the orientation of canopy in time and space is a crucial one. A field study was undertaken at Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan during autumn 2015 to compare the impact of contrasting canopy architecture on yield and yield components of maize hybrids. Two maize hybrids with contrasting canopy architecture viz., Pioneer 30Y87 (semi-erect canopy) and Monsanto’s DK6789 (droopy canopy architecture) were sown in 75 cm spaced ridges. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (split-plot arrangement) with three replications. Data on yield attributes of maize were recorded following standard procedures. Differences among treatments’ means were compared using Tukey’s honest significant difference test (HSD) at 5% probability level. Results revealed that there were significant differences among hybrids regarding the number of grains per cob, the 1000-grain weight and ultimately the yield of maize crop. Almost all of the parameters were significantly affected by Hybrid 30Y87 and it attained the grain yield. This was due to its better light attenuating properties and the shading effect of its canopy which helped in suppressing the weeds growing underneath.

scholarly journals Response of Cotton Varieties to the Stage of Topping under Rainfed Condition of Bardiya, Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of topping at different growth stages (3-4, 6-7, 9-10 and 12-13 sympodial branches) on productivity of two (Tamcot SP-37 and H-777) cotton varieties under rainfed condition at the Kumbher Farm (Bardiya district) of Cotton Development Board in 1995. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The interaction effect between variety and stages of topping showed that significantly higher yield (1.23 t/ha) was produced by topping plants at the stage of 12-13 sympodial banches of the variety Tamcot SP-37 as compared to all other treatments. At all stages of topping the yield produced by Tamcot SP-37 was significantly higher than H-777. The average seed cotton yield (1.03 t/ha) of Tamcot SP-37 was significantly higher than that of H- 777 (0.71 t/ha) and the difference in yield was 45.0%. The seed-cotton yield increased from 0.75 to 1.00 t/ ha with the postponed of topping from 3-4 to 12-13 sympodial branches, but significant difference was recorded between late (12-13 sympodial branches) and early (3-4 and 6-7 sympodial branches) stages of topping. Thus, for rainfed condition of Bardiya Tamcot SP-37 was a suitable variety with 12-13 sympodial branches as an appropriate stage of topping for sustainable production of cotton. Key words: Variety, topping, sympodial branches. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:165-168 (2006)

scholarly journals Performance of upland rice strains in reaction to fungal diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Natália Botega Alves ◽  
Douglas Goulart Castro ◽  
Marco Renan Félix ◽  
Laís Moretti Tomé ◽  
Antônio Rosário Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The control of the impact of diseases on plants can be carried out via breeding, through the development of cultivars less susceptible to pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the severity of fungal diseases in upland rice strains from the Cultivation and Use Value test, belonging to the Upland Rice Breeding Program” of Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), in partnership with “EMBRAPA Rice and Beans” and the “Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company” (EPAMIG). The experiment was installed in the municipalities of Lambari and Lavras, both in Minas Gerais, Brasil, in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons, in a randomized block design with three replications. Were evaluated 14 lines, 11 lines of the program and 3 commercial witnesses, regarding the intensity of diseases (leaf and neck blast, brown spot, grain spot and scalding). There was a significant difference between lineages for all traits, except brown spot, indicating the presence of genetic variability for the characters in question. The study of the interaction was performed, decomposing the statistically significant ones in simple and complex interactions. The experiment presented a coefficient of variation from 29% to 56% and accuracy from 56% to 95.5%, indicating that the estimates were obtained with good to medium experimental precision. It is essential to evaluate diseases in breeding programs in order to select cultivars that are increasingly resistant, as these affect not only productivity, but the quality and final yield of grains. The genotypes CMG 2119 (5), CMG 2162 (1), CMG 1896 (13) and CMG 2168 (2) were shown to be more tolerant to all diseases simultaneously, being, therefore, the most suitable for the launch, considering the character disease resistance. The Upland Rice Breeding Program of UFLA has lines with variability for resistance, strains with potential for release.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus florida)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Murdaningsih Murdaningsih ◽  
Modesta Lue
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Pleurotus Florida ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fruit Diameter

This study aims at revealing the impact of plant media on the growth and yield of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotusflorida) and finding out what plant media that can give the optimal growth and yield.        The design uses in this study was random block design with the treatment of Mbayam (Bayam wood powder), Mmeranti (Meranti wood powder), Mkemiri (Hazelnut wood powder), Mjerami (straw). The observation variables used in this study were the prime emergence of the fruit, the number of fruit clumps, number of fruits per clump, harvesting age, the diameter of fruit, the length of fruit stalk, harvesting interval, the weight of the fruit, and REB value. The result of the study indicated that straw planting media was not able to grow mushroom and was contaminated. Planting media of bayam wood powder with Meranti wood powder, Bayam wood powder with hazelnut wood powder, and Bayam wood powder with straw makes a difference respectively, as follows: the primary emergence of fruit was 54:58 HST, 54:57 HST, and 54:0 HST, the number of fruit clumps were18,1%, 28,8%, and 100%, the number of fruit per clump were 4,0%, 13,9%, and 100%, and harvesting age were 4,1:4,9, 4,1:4,1, and 4,1:0.  Planting media of Bayam wood powder provided the high average in the primary emergence of the fruit of 54 HST, 118.7 of fruit clumps, 15.1 of fruit/clump,6cm of fruit diameter, 2.9cm  length of fruit stalk, 6.6 days of harvesting interval, 68.9gram of fruit weight and 0.68 of REB value.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Inceptisol and Rice Yields Applied with Mixed Source Fertilizer (MSF)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Winda Sari ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The Impact

One effort that can be done to improve soil fertility and crop yields is fertilization. Fertilization using a mixed source fertilizer (MSF) is an option to overcome the impact of inorganic fertilizer use and organic fertilizer drawbacks. This study aims to evaluate the effects of MSF application on the chemical properties of Inceptisol and rice yields. A field experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the three formulas of MSF (F1, F2, F3) and the second factor was MSF doses (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 Mg ha-1). The results show that there is no significant difference on the total soil N, available soil P, plant height and total number of tillers of rice plants applied with the three MSF formulas. The increased MSF doses applied significantly improve the soil chemical properties of Inceptisol and rice yields. The application of 10 Mg ha-1 MSF increases total- N (57.89%), available-P (29.13%), exchangeable-Ca and -Mg (117% and 250%, respectively), plant height (40%) and total number of tillers (43.2%) in comparison to those without MSF application. There are interaction effects between formulas and doses of MSF on the amount of exchangeable-K, organic-C content, and CEC of the soil and rice yields. The application of 10 Mg ha-1 MSF F3 results in better effects on the amount of exchangeable-K, organic-C content and CEC of the soil, and number of productive tillers and rice yields than the application of other MSF formulas. The MSF can be used as an alternatif fertilizer that can improve Inceptisol productivity.  

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