scholarly journals Assertiveness training: Effects of treatment, maintenance of change and therapists' contribution in therapy outcome

Psihologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Tovilovic
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Assertiveness Training ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Therapy Effect ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
Structured Program

In this research is shown part of results concerning evaluation study of group assertiveness training. Treatment, which has been organized as structured program of assertiveness training, has been applied on 18 groups of subjects during 9 group sessions. This treatment has been adjusted to non-psychiatric clients from our country. Groups were lead by two therapists. During 20 months of our research 215 voluntary participants of full age have joined training groups. Final sample consisted of 158 subjects who had finished treatment and who had fulfilled criteria for taking repeated measurement. Subjects had taken battery of questionnaires before the treatment and eight weeks after they had completed treatment. Subsample, which included 35 subjects from one therapist?s groups, took retest after twice longer time period. Results of conducted research have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the potentiality of assertiveness training to produce expected and significant improvements of treated subjects. Therapy effect is found on symptomatic level through reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behaviors, which were target of the treatment. Contrary to expectation interactive effect of treatment and therapist to reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behavior has been found, which implies need for further investigation of variables that are related to therapists. Through the medium of treatment therapeutic changes in structural level, in domain of general assertiveness, social anxiety and treated subjects' self-concept are produced. The effect of therapy we might consider stabled and maintained after 16 weeks of finishing the treatment.

Generalization of Reading by Special Education Students from a Structured Program to Informal Classroom Activities

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-298
Author(s):  
Tom R. Hobbs ◽  
Michael M. Holt ◽  
Ruby Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Special Education Students ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Reversal Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Program

15 special education students exhibited an increase in the number of correctly completed frames in the Sullivan Programmed Reading Series following introduction of a reinforcement contingency. The mean number of frames remained high during the reversal phase with no consistent generalization of effects from the morning reading program to an afternoon free-time period.

When does informal finance help exports of emerging market firms? A contingent perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Pangarkar ◽  
B. Elango
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
International Business ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Informal Finance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Emerging Market Firms ◽  
Formal Finance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether the usage of informal finance helps exports of emerging market firms. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzes a large dataset of observations on emerging market firms. To address the issue of a non-random sample and correct for self-selection in the regression analyzes, this paper uses the two-stage Heckman procedure. In the first stage, this study uses a sample of 74,148 firms from 135 countries over an 11-year time period (2006 to 2016). In the second stage, which includes only firms involved in exports, the analyses are based on 13,608 observations on firms from 135 countries over the same time period. Findings The study finds that the usage of informal finance helps exports of emerging market firms. Furthermore, the interactive effect between informal finance and home country affluence also influences exports. Research limitations/implications The analyses do not account for destination market characteristics such as size and growth. Practical implications The study suggests that emerging market firms should not shy away from using informal finance which can often be more convenient, and sometimes cheaper, than formal finance. Informal finance’s timeliness might be particularly useful for pursuing strategies such as exporting. Originality/value Studies in international business implicitly assume that finance is available for pursuing strategies such as exports or foreign direct investment. However, formal finance is scarce in emerging markets. By drawing a linkage between informal finance and exports in emerging markets, the study adds to the international business literature. The study also examines joint and interactive effects of home country characteristics and deployment of informal finance on exporting.

Examining What Works for Youth With Moderate Risk Involved With the Juvenile Justice System: Comparing the Effect of the Community Connections Program and a Vocational Support Program Over a 9-Year Time Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 088740342091622
Author(s):  
Erin M. Espinosa ◽  
Dan Sass ◽  
Johanna Creswell Báez ◽  
Cassandra Harper
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Community Connections ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Vocational Support

Using administrative data from an urban juvenile probation department between January 2007 and August 2016, the study included youth who were placed on court-ordered postadjudication community supervision and who were deemed to have a moderate risk of reoffending by the department’s risk and needs assessment. The two programs evaluated include a vocational support program (VSP) and the Community Connections program (CC). Youth across both groups were matched using propensity score matching, creating a final sample of 301 individual youth per program. When examining the program effect of CC versus VSP across six time-to-event variables (i.e., time to second program, detention, out-of-home placement, another offense, violation of court order, and days in program), the findings were mixed. However, across both programs, analyses revealed youth with a successful discharge and longer time spent in their program had better outcomes.

scholarly journals An Examination of Response of Consumers with Different Levels of Uniqueness to Limited Quantity Offers

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Jyotsna Soni ◽  
Abraham Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Executive Summary Marketers try to influence consumers through promotional offers by restricting availability of products to a limited number of customers, a limited time period, or a specific segment, thereby creating a perception of scarcity. Such promotional appeal of making a product or offer scarce is called as scarcity appeal. Literature suggests that people with high need for uniqueness (NFU) prefer scarce products, or at least products which are depleting fast. However, the relationship between scarcity of offers and the NFU has not been much explored. The objective of this research is to understand how consumers with different levels of uniqueness respond to the scarcity appeal offer, especially with discount. Hypotheses relate to variability of purchase intent and attitude towards the product due to scarcity versus no-scarcity sales promotion appeals and by consumers with high and low needs for uniqueness. Proposed hypotheses were tested using 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design. Quantity scarcity and no-scarcity appeals were manipulated using pre-tested and validated scenarios. Product used in the scenarios (laptop) was identified through an iterative process of seeking inputs from respondents with demographic profile similar to those in the final sample. Consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU) purchase intention, and attitude towards product were measured using scales that were pre-tested and validated using accepted protocols. On testing the formulated hypotheses using experimental design, it was found that: Consumers respond more favourably to quantity scarcity appeal offer when compared with no-scarcity appeal offer. Consumers with higher NFU indicate higher purchase intention in a no-scarcity appeal situation when compared with those with low NFU. There is no statistically significant difference in purchase intention of consumers with high and low needs for uniqueness in a situation of scarcity appeal messaging.

scholarly journals How can healthcare professionals provide guidance and support to parents of adolescents? Results from a primary care-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey D. Jones ◽  
Randall W. Grout ◽  
Amy L. Gilbert ◽  
Tracey A. Wilkinson ◽  
Tamila Garbuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background This study explored the rewards and difficulties of raising an adolescent and investigated parents’ level of interest in receiving guidance from healthcare providers on parenting and adolescent health topics. Additionally, this study investigated whether parents were interested in parenting programs in primary care and explored methods in which parents want to receive guidance. Methods Parents of adolescents (ages 12–18) who attended an outpatient pediatric clinic with their adolescent were contacted by telephone and completed a short telephone survey. Parents were asked open-ended questions regarding the rewards and difficulties of parenting and rated how important it was to receive guidance from a healthcare provider on certain parenting and health topics. Additionally, parents reported their level of interest in a parenting program in primary care and rated how they would like to receive guidance. Results Our final sample included 104 parents, 87% of whom were interested in a parenting program within primary care. A variety of parenting rewards and difficulties were associated with raising an adolescent. From the list of parenting topics, communication was rated very important to receive guidance on (65%), followed by conflict management (50%). Of health topics, parents were primarily interested in receiving guidance on sex (77%), mental health (75%), and alcohol and drugs (74%). Parents in the study wanted to receive guidance from a pediatrician or through written literature. Conclusions The current study finds that parents identify several rewarding and difficult aspects associated with raising an adolescent and are open to receiving guidance on a range of parenting topics in a variety of formats through primary care settings. Incorporating such education into healthcare visits could improve parents’ knowledge. Healthcare providers are encouraged to consider how best to provide parenting support during this important developmental time period.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Assertiveness Training Pada Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum (ABH) di LPKA Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Mutiara Ayu Lestari ◽  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Assertiveness Training ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Group Work

Jumlah Kasus Anak berhadapan dengan Hukum (ABH) setiap tahunnya terus mengalami peningkatan. Pada Tahun 2018, tercatat ada sebanyak 1434 kasus pengaduan Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum yang diterima oleh Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). Terdapat berbagai faktor yang berkontribusi sebagai penyebab terjadinya kasus Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum (ABH). Faktor yang paling mendominasi peningkatan anak berhadapan dengan hukum adalah pengaruh dari teman dan pergaulan. Teknik Assertiveness Training diterapkan sebagai upaya pencegahan peningkatan kasus Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum melalui pemberian pemahaman kepada para anak didik (ANDIK) di LPKA Bandung mengenai penerapan perilaku asertif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah agar para ANDIK dapat memahami dampak dari 3 sikap dalam assertiveness training yaitu aggressive, non assertive dan assertive. Hal ini dilakukan karena sangat penting bagi seorang individu untuk menerapkan perilaku asertif dalam aktivitas sehari-hari terutama ketika seorang individu berada di dalam lingkungan masyarakat. Assertiveness Training dilakukan sebagai salah satu rangkaian praktikum Mahasiswa Kesejahteraan Sosial Universitas Padjadjaran dan juga bentuk pengabdian mahasiswa kepada para generasi penerus bangsa. Teknik Assertiveness Training dilakukan melalui metode Social Group Work bersama para ANDIK LPKA Bandung. The cases of children dealing with the law (ABH) continues to increase every year. In 2018, there were 1434 cases of Children dealing with the Law that were received by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI). Various factors contributed as a cause of Children dealing with the Law (ABH), the most dominant factor that increased the case of children dealing with the law is the influence of friends and relationships. Assertiveness Training Technique is applied as an effort to prevent the increase of cases of Children dealing with the Law through providing understanding in LPKA Bandung regarding the application of assertive behavior in their daily lives. The purpose of this activity is that the Children can understand the impacts of 3 attitudes in assertiveness training, namely aggressive, non-assertive and assertive. This is done because an individual needs to implement assertive behavior in daily activities, especially when an individual is in a community. The Assertiveness Training is conducted as a series of social welfare programs by Padjadjaran University Social Welfare Students and also a form of devotion to the next generation of the nation. The Assertiveness Training technique is carried out through the Social Group Work method alongside the ANDIK LPKA Bandung.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pelatihan Asertivitas untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Asertif Siswa Korban Bullying

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rifqi Azis
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Assertiveness Training ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
Bullying Victims ◽  
Assertive Training

Bullying a concrete impact on the victim both physically and psychologically. The main characteristics of bullying victims is students who have not been able to be assertive. To improve the student assertive behavior bullying victim, the counselor can use assertiveness training. The purpose of this research was to know the effectiveness of assertiveness training to improve the student assertive behavior bullying victim. This research uses a pure experimental design pretest-posttest control group design. The research population was a 8 student of class VII & VIII SMPN1 Jombang - Jember who are bullying victims. The data analysis used Two independent sample test man withney U. These results indicate that statistic score of Z (-2.323) and sig.(2-tailed) is 0.020 <0.05, So assertiveness training effective to improve assertive behavior student bullying victims. Suggestions of the researchers as follows: 1) for the instution of the school should give counselor should gives assertiveness training to improve the student assertive behavior bullying victims. 2) for the counselor be creative for improve assertive training module. And 3) for other researcher should use time series design and broad population so that get good generality broader.

scholarly journals Liquidity, Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Phuong Anh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thanh Binh Dao
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Governance Index ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Our study investigates the interlink between liquidity, corporate governance and firm value with the adoption of meta-analysis. The final sample consists of 428 studies extracted from 55 papers, covering 632,196 firm-year observations in a worldwide scope. The diversity in data is believed to reduce possible homogeneity due to regional or time period concentration. Using random-effects model, it is reported that both illiquidity factors (Spread and Amihud illiquidity) can significantly worsen the performance of a firm, while the corporate governance – firm value connection is significantly positive via three out of four factors (Corporate governance index, Board size and Institutional ownership). Besides studying the overall relationship direction, the paper also looks into its heterogeneity. The existence of heterogeneity is confirmed in all liquidity – firm value and governance – firm value relationship. The running of meta-regression indicates that both illiquidity factors are significantly moderated by most of the examined paper characteristics, whilst only two out of four corporate governance indicators (Corporate governance index and Institutional ownership) are significantly altered.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

Oncogenesis and the Lucké Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
A. E. Vatter ◽  
J. Zambernard
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Renal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs

Oncogenic viruses, like viruses in general, can be divided into two classes, those that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and those that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA). The RNA viruses have been recovered readily from the tumors which they cause whereas, the DNA-virus induced tumors have not yielded the virus. Since DNA viruses cannot be recovered, the bulk of present day investigations have been concerned with RNA viruses.The Lucké renal adenocarcinoma is a spontaneous tumor which occurs in northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and has received increased attention in recent years because of its probable viral etiology. This hypothesis was first advanced by Lucké after he observed intranuclear inclusions in some of the tumor cells. Tumors with inclusions were examined at the fine structural level by Fawcett who showed that they contained immature and mature virus˗like particles.The use of this system in the study of oncogenic tumors offers several unique features, the virus has been shown to contain DNA and it can be recovered from the tumor, also, it is temperature sensitive. This latter feature is of importance because the virus can be transformed from a latent to a vegetative state by lowering or elevating the environmental temperature.

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