Examining What Works for Youth With Moderate Risk Involved With the Juvenile Justice System: Comparing the Effect of the Community Connections Program and a Vocational Support Program Over a 9-Year Time Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 088740342091622
Author(s):  
Erin M. Espinosa ◽  
Dan Sass ◽  
Johanna Creswell Báez ◽  
Cassandra Harper
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Community Connections ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Vocational Support

Using administrative data from an urban juvenile probation department between January 2007 and August 2016, the study included youth who were placed on court-ordered postadjudication community supervision and who were deemed to have a moderate risk of reoffending by the department’s risk and needs assessment. The two programs evaluated include a vocational support program (VSP) and the Community Connections program (CC). Youth across both groups were matched using propensity score matching, creating a final sample of 301 individual youth per program. When examining the program effect of CC versus VSP across six time-to-event variables (i.e., time to second program, detention, out-of-home placement, another offense, violation of court order, and days in program), the findings were mixed. However, across both programs, analyses revealed youth with a successful discharge and longer time spent in their program had better outcomes.

scholarly journals Assertiveness training: Effects of treatment, maintenance of change and therapists' contribution in therapy outcome

Psihologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Tovilovic
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Assertiveness Training ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Therapy Effect ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
Structured Program

In this research is shown part of results concerning evaluation study of group assertiveness training. Treatment, which has been organized as structured program of assertiveness training, has been applied on 18 groups of subjects during 9 group sessions. This treatment has been adjusted to non-psychiatric clients from our country. Groups were lead by two therapists. During 20 months of our research 215 voluntary participants of full age have joined training groups. Final sample consisted of 158 subjects who had finished treatment and who had fulfilled criteria for taking repeated measurement. Subjects had taken battery of questionnaires before the treatment and eight weeks after they had completed treatment. Subsample, which included 35 subjects from one therapist?s groups, took retest after twice longer time period. Results of conducted research have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the potentiality of assertiveness training to produce expected and significant improvements of treated subjects. Therapy effect is found on symptomatic level through reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behaviors, which were target of the treatment. Contrary to expectation interactive effect of treatment and therapist to reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behavior has been found, which implies need for further investigation of variables that are related to therapists. Through the medium of treatment therapeutic changes in structural level, in domain of general assertiveness, social anxiety and treated subjects' self-concept are produced. The effect of therapy we might consider stabled and maintained after 16 weeks of finishing the treatment.

Two-Year Evaluation of a Vocational Support Program for Adults on the Autism Spectrum

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Hillier ◽  
Heather Campbell ◽  
Karen Mastriani ◽  
Margo Vreeburg Izzo ◽  
Andrea K. Kool-Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Vocational Support

scholarly journals An Examination of Response of Consumers with Different Levels of Uniqueness to Limited Quantity Offers

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Jyotsna Soni ◽  
Abraham Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Executive Summary Marketers try to influence consumers through promotional offers by restricting availability of products to a limited number of customers, a limited time period, or a specific segment, thereby creating a perception of scarcity. Such promotional appeal of making a product or offer scarce is called as scarcity appeal. Literature suggests that people with high need for uniqueness (NFU) prefer scarce products, or at least products which are depleting fast. However, the relationship between scarcity of offers and the NFU has not been much explored. The objective of this research is to understand how consumers with different levels of uniqueness respond to the scarcity appeal offer, especially with discount. Hypotheses relate to variability of purchase intent and attitude towards the product due to scarcity versus no-scarcity sales promotion appeals and by consumers with high and low needs for uniqueness. Proposed hypotheses were tested using 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design. Quantity scarcity and no-scarcity appeals were manipulated using pre-tested and validated scenarios. Product used in the scenarios (laptop) was identified through an iterative process of seeking inputs from respondents with demographic profile similar to those in the final sample. Consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU) purchase intention, and attitude towards product were measured using scales that were pre-tested and validated using accepted protocols. On testing the formulated hypotheses using experimental design, it was found that: Consumers respond more favourably to quantity scarcity appeal offer when compared with no-scarcity appeal offer. Consumers with higher NFU indicate higher purchase intention in a no-scarcity appeal situation when compared with those with low NFU. There is no statistically significant difference in purchase intention of consumers with high and low needs for uniqueness in a situation of scarcity appeal messaging.

scholarly journals How can healthcare professionals provide guidance and support to parents of adolescents? Results from a primary care-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey D. Jones ◽  
Randall W. Grout ◽  
Amy L. Gilbert ◽  
Tracey A. Wilkinson ◽  
Tamila Garbuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background This study explored the rewards and difficulties of raising an adolescent and investigated parents’ level of interest in receiving guidance from healthcare providers on parenting and adolescent health topics. Additionally, this study investigated whether parents were interested in parenting programs in primary care and explored methods in which parents want to receive guidance. Methods Parents of adolescents (ages 12–18) who attended an outpatient pediatric clinic with their adolescent were contacted by telephone and completed a short telephone survey. Parents were asked open-ended questions regarding the rewards and difficulties of parenting and rated how important it was to receive guidance from a healthcare provider on certain parenting and health topics. Additionally, parents reported their level of interest in a parenting program in primary care and rated how they would like to receive guidance. Results Our final sample included 104 parents, 87% of whom were interested in a parenting program within primary care. A variety of parenting rewards and difficulties were associated with raising an adolescent. From the list of parenting topics, communication was rated very important to receive guidance on (65%), followed by conflict management (50%). Of health topics, parents were primarily interested in receiving guidance on sex (77%), mental health (75%), and alcohol and drugs (74%). Parents in the study wanted to receive guidance from a pediatrician or through written literature. Conclusions The current study finds that parents identify several rewarding and difficult aspects associated with raising an adolescent and are open to receiving guidance on a range of parenting topics in a variety of formats through primary care settings. Incorporating such education into healthcare visits could improve parents’ knowledge. Healthcare providers are encouraged to consider how best to provide parenting support during this important developmental time period.

scholarly journals Nursing Home Eligible, Community-Dwelling Older Adults’ Perceptions and Beliefs About Sleep: A Mixed-Methods Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Miranda V. McPhillips ◽  
Victoria V. Dickson ◽  
Pamela Z. Cacchione ◽  
Junxin Li ◽  
Nalaka Gooneratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Home Placement

Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in older adults; little is known about sleep in those who remain living in the community despite qualifying for nursing home placement. We conducted a concurrent, nested, mixed-methods study to describe sleep characteristics and sleep disturbances in this population. Our final sample ( n = 40) was Black (100%), female (85%) older adults with a mean (± SD) age of 72 ± 9.5 years. Of these, 35 had objectively measured short or long sleep duration, and 30 had subjectively reported poor sleep quality. Our evidence suggests that sleep disturbances are common in this group, and these older adults had adjusted their expectations and adapted to their sleep disturbances. Given that at-risk older adults may not perceive their sleep disturbances as problematic, clinicians must proactively assess sleep and educate about the importance of sleep. These results reveal modifiable factors with potential to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Childhood Maltreatment and Repeat Offending in Juvenile Delinquents: A Propensity Score Matched-Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110010
Author(s):  
Minhae Cho ◽  
Chi Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Repeat Offending ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Home Placement

Juvenile recidivism is a serious public health concern. Using statewide administrative data, this study examined the independent predictive value of childhood maltreatment on repeat offending and compared risk factors for recidivism between 698 first-time juvenile offenders with maltreatment and their propensity score matched sample of 698 without maltreatment. For 3 years, 65.2% of maltreated offenders and 61.5% of their matched sample recidivated after their initial offense. The effect of childhood maltreatment on recidivism remained statistically significant beyond the inclusion of control variables. In both groups, being a youth of color and having a diagnosed emotional/behavioral disability increased risk for recidivism. Additional risk factors included being a male for maltreated offenders and out-of-school suspension, entry into the juvenile justice system at younger ages, and out-of-home placement only after their first offense or continuing placement for their matched sample without maltreatment. Preventive interventions must be responsive to such different risks.

Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in out-of-home care

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Barber ◽  
P.H. Delfabbro ◽  
L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Aboriginal Children

A full year’s intake of 38 Aboriginal children and 198 non-Aboriginal children referred for a new out-of-home placement in South Australia were studied as part of the first phase of a 3-year longitudinal study into the outcomes of alternative care. The baseline profile of this cohort revealed a number of significant racial and geographical differences between the children. Among the most important of these was an interaction between race and geographical location on length of time in care which indicated that Aboriginal children from metropolitan areas and non-Aboriginal children from rural areas had the longest histories of alternative care. In addition, Aboriginal children in metropolitan areas were the least likely to be referred into care for reasons of emotional abuse or neglect, no doubt because so many of them were already in alternative care at the time of the referral. Metropolitan Aboriginal children were also the unhealthiest and, together with rural non-Aborigines, the most likely to be under a court order at the time of placement. Overall, results are consistent with the proposition that metropolitan Aboriginal children and rural non-Aboriginal children are the most reliant on the formal alternative care system.

The Net-Widening Effect of AID Panels and Screening Panels in the South Australian Juvenile Justice System

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Wundersitz
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Net Widening

Motivated by growing doubts about the juvenile court's ability to deal effectively with young offenders, countries such as the United States and Australia have established informal treatment programs ostensibly designed to divert youths from formal court prosecution. Such programs, however, have been criticised on the grounds that, rather than fulfilling a diversionary function, they have widened the net of social control. By focusing on the two-tiered Panel system currently in operation in South Australia, this article presents inferential evidence that net-widening did occur after the introduction firstly, of Aid Panels in 1972 and secondly, of Screening Panels in 1979. However, in both instances, this net-widening was restricted to a relatively short time period, after which the numbers of youths selected for processing by the juvenile justice system stabilised.

Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-293
Author(s):  
Sino Esthappan ◽  
Johanna Lacoe ◽  
Janine M. Zweig ◽  
Douglas W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Youth Engagement ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

Probation plays a central role in the juvenile justice system, and probation officers are often involved in numerous decisions made in juvenile courts. This study examines the views of probation staff from 23 jurisdictions, some of which participated in an Annie E. Casey Foundation–funded juvenile justice reform effort intended to safely and significantly reduce the use of out-of-home placements, especially for youth of color. We survey juvenile probation staff members at two waves and describe changes in reported practices and principles relating to individualized case planning, youth engagement, family and community engagement, and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion as well as beliefs about the purposes of out-of-home placement. Reform sites reported slightly more frequent use of practices and principles addressing community engagement and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion in the second wave than in the first wave.

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