scholarly journals Posture in dentists: Sitting vs. standing positions during dentistry work - an EMG study

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Pejcic ◽  
Milica Djuric-Jovicic ◽  
Nadica Miljkovic ◽  
Dejan Popovic ◽  
Vanja Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Working Postures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Splenius Capitis ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electromyography Signals

Introduction. Adequate working posture is important for overall health. Inappropriate posture may increase fatigue, decrease efficiency, and eventually lead to injuries. Objective. The purpose was to examine posture positions used during dentistry work. Methods. In order to quantify different posture positions, we recorded muscle activity and positions of body segments. The position (inclination) data of the back was used to assess two postures: sitting and standing during standard dental interventions. Results. During standard interventions, whether sitting or standing, a tilt of less than 20 degrees was most prevalent in the forward and lateral flexion directions. Amplitude of electromyography signals corresponding to the level of muscle activity were higher in sitting compared with the electromyography in standing position for all muscle groups on the left and right side of the body. Significant difference between muscle activity in two working postures was evident in splenius capitis muscle on the left (p = 0.032), on the right side of the body (p = 0.049) and in muscle activity of mastoid muscle on the left side (p = 0.029). Conclusion. These findings show that risk for increased fatigue and possible injures can be reduced by combining the sitting and standing occupational postures.

scholarly journals The Influence of Time-dependent Surface Properties on Sprint Running Performance between Male and Female Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Michael Hales ◽  
John David Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups

Background: The body of research on field based player-surface interaction consists of some contradictory findings and the comparison of male and female physiological responses on different surfaces is limited. Objective: The study investigates the influence of surface properties on sprint running before and after completing a muscle fatiguing intervention. Methodology: Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography (EMG). The vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG), and the tibialis anterior (TA) sites were selected for analysis. The mechanical properties (MPs) of each field were shown to be different using ASTM F-3189 protocol. Results: A statistically significant three-way repeated measures ANOVA interaction between field properties, sprint trial and muscle groups was determined, F(3,36) = 10.82, p = .006, ηρ2 = .474. Further analyses revealed an interaction effect between field properties and sprint trial, F(1,12) = 26.57, p = .001, ηρ2 = .689, between muscle groups and field properties F(1,12) = 8.78, p = .012, ηρ2 = .422 and between muscle group and sprint trial F(1,12) = 7.29, p = .019, ηρ2 = .378. In addition, pre-intervention mean sprint time was less on the field possessing more energy return by 9.1%. Post-intervention sprint test results show a significant difference for BF peak muscle activity on the field displaying greater force attenuation. Conclusion: Both pre and post intervention sprint results suggest time-dependent properties associated with a sport field could potentially influence muscle activation patterns differently for males and females.

scholarly journals Morphometry of human tricuspid valve: A cadaveric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4487-4491
Author(s):  
Kirti Chaudhary ◽  
Amey Dhatrak ◽  
Brij Raj Singh ◽  
Ujwal Gajbe
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Flaps ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The cardiovascular system consists of a pump represented by the heart and blood vessels, which provide the route by which blood circulates to all parts of the body. William Harvey, in the 17th century, discovered that blood is pumped away from the heart, but it all returns to the heart after circulating in the body. A right ventricular function can be compromised by pressure or stress, often secondary to the right heart valve or muscle pathology. The valves maintain unidirectional flow and permit increased pressure to develop in the chambers. The tricuspid valve consists of three tissue flaps. It separates the right atria and the right ventricle. To measure morphometric measurements of an individual leaflet of the tricuspid valve of cadaveric human hearts. The material for the present study comprised of 50 formalin-fixed adult human hearts (35 males and 15 females) which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy from various medical colleges in Maharashtra. Statistical significant difference was found for the height of anterior and posterior leaflets between male and female hearts. The length of the septal leaflet was also found to be statistically significant between male and female hearts. The study will be helpful for cardiac surgeons in providing data for tricuspid valve complex, leaflets, cords and papillary muscles.

scholarly journals Muscle strength and inflammatory response to the training load in rowers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10355
Author(s):  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Alicja Nowak ◽  
Katarzyna Domaszewska ◽  
Jacek Mączyński ◽  
Magdalena Jabłońska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Global Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Right

Background Regular exercise leads to changes in muscle metabolism. The consequence of this is the adaptation to higher training loads.The aim of this study was to evaluate biomechanical and biochemical parameters describing the functions of skeletal muscles in periods when changes in training forms were introduced. Methods Seventeen male sweep-oar rowers, members of the Polish national rowing team, participated. The study was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period. In the first and second examination measurements of torques of selected muscle groups and blood biochemical analysis were performed. Results There was observed a statistically significant decrease in the relative global force of the right lower limb between both terms of examination. A statistically significant increase in maximum torque was found for torso flexors. In the case of muscles responsible for torso rotation, a statistically significant decrease in the torque values of right torso rotators was observed. A significant difference was found with respect to creatine kinase activity, total testosterone concentration, total testosterone to cortisol ratio and total phenolics concentration (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study shows that the rowers’ training should be more focused on building the strength of lower limbs to prevent the overload of lumbar spine and that the amount of force developed may be significantly affected by the antioxidant potential of rowers.

scholarly journals Effect of Isometric Hip Abduction on Foot and Ankle Muscle Activity and Medial Longitudinal Arch During Short-Foot Exercise in Individuals With Pes Planus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Choi ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Chung-Hwi Yi ◽  
Tae-Lim Yoon ◽  
Seung-Min Baik
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Abduction

Context: The improvement of hip joint stability can significantly impact knee and rearfoot mechanics. Individuals with pes planus have a weak abductor hallucis (AbdH), and the tibialis anterior (TA) may activate to compensate for this. As yet, no studies have applied isometric hip abduction (IHA) for hip stability during short-foot exercise (SFE). Objective: To compare the effects of IHA on the muscle activity of the AbdH, TA, peroneus longus (PL), and gluteus medius (Gmed), as well as the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) angle during sitting and standing SFE. Design: Two-way repeated analyses of variance were used to determine the statistical significance of AbdH, TA, PL, and Gmed electromyography activity, as well as the change in MLA angle. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Thirty-two participants with pes planus. Intervention(s): The participants performed SFE with and without isometric hip abduction in sitting and standing positions. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the AbdH, TA, PL, and Gmed muscles, and Image J was used to measure the MLA angle. Results: Significant interactions between exercise type and position were observed in terms of the PL muscle activity and in the change in MLA angle only, while other muscles showed significant main effects. The IHA during SFE significantly increased the AbdH muscle activity, while the TA muscle activity was significantly lower. The muscle activity of Gmed and PL was significantly increased in the standing position compared with sitting, but there was no significant difference with or without IHA. The change in the MLA angle was significantly greater in SFE with IHA in a standing position than in the other SFE conditions. Conclusions: IHA may be an effective method for reducing compensatory TA activity and increasing AbdH muscle activity during SFE for individuals with pes planus.

scholarly journals PRE AND POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Simona Rusu ◽  
Zdenek Knotek ◽  
Radu Lacatus ◽  
Ionel Papuc
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Green Iguanas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Head Temperature

Abstract The body temperature of 10 clinically healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana) was measured using a thermographic camera (FLIR E6, Flir Systems Sweden) before and after the food was offered. For each animal there were performed a total of 6 measurements (3 before feeding and 3 after the food was offered). The purpose of this experiment was to observe the thermographic pattern of the body before and after the feeding, since herbivore reptiles tend to bask after the feeding to increase the body temperature that will help them afterwards digest the food. The animals were housed in individual vivariums with every animal having a basking spot available. The pictures were taken outside the vivarium in an adjacent room. The animals were handled with gloves and transported in a cardboard box in order to avoid heat transfer between the handler and the iguana that would have produced thermal artefacts. Each individual was placed on a table on a styrofoam slate, again, to avoid the heat transfer between the table and the animal`s body. For each animal a total of 4 pictures were taken (up, front, left and right). The pictures were analysed with the FLIR Tools program that is provided by the manufacturer and 3 temperatures were taken into consideration (the head temperature, body temperature on the right side and body temperature on the left side). The temperatures were compared between them and with the temperature of the vivariums that consisted of the average between the temperature in 3 different spots (basking spot, the feeding bowl site and the coldest spot) measured with an infrared thermometer GM300 (Benetech, China). The temperature of the body was dependent on the vivarium temperature and it was a significant temperature difference between the measurements before the feeding and after the feeding. Also we discovered a significant difference between the head temperature and the body temperature on the left side before the feeding that disappeared after the animals ate. There was also a significant difference between the temperature on right side and on left side of the animals both before and after the feeding. No significant temperature difference was observed between the head and the right side of the body neither before nor after the feeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Ergobrass Ergonomic Supports on Postural Muscles in Trumpet, Trombone, and French Horn Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Price ◽  
Alan HD Watson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
The Body ◽  
French Horn ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Brass Instruments ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Postural Muscles

AIMS: Though ergonomic supports are widely used for many groups of instruments, they are rare for brass instruments, despite the instruments’ considerable weight. Musculoskeletal injury and postural problems are common among this group, and so, both adult and young players are likely to benefit from supports that reduce the load placed on the body. This study assessed the effects on postural muscle activity of a recently developed range of supports (Ergobrass) that use a rod to transfer the weight of the instrument to a harness or to the chair or floor. METHODS: Twenty conservatoire students (mean age [SD], 20.9 ± 0.5 yrs) of the trumpet, french horn, or trombone used the supports while playing short brass studies, either sitting or standing. Surface electromyography recordings were made from key postural muscles, and their activity levels were compared with and without the support. RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions (typically 15–30%) were present in many of the muscles when using the supports, though in some players they were much larger. The number of muscles affected was least with the lightest instruments (the trumpet), with the effects mainly in the left deltoid and trapezius muscles. Reductions for the horn were bilateral, principally in biceps, pectoralis major, and deltoid; while in the trombone, they were confined to the left side (pectoralis major, posterior deltoid, and trapezius), as the right arm is in constant use to move the slide. CONCLUSIONS: The supports are effective in reducing postural muscle activity and may be of particular benefit to injured or young players.

scholarly journals Right-sided lateralization of skin temperature in healthy young persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Demirel ◽  
Arzu Bahar ◽  
Nurcan Gokgoz ◽  
Muzeyyen Arslan ◽  
Senol Dane
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose: Previous studies reported a peripheral immune asymmetry and lateralization of different paired organ cancers. Because of the close relationship of immune system with body temperature, the aim of the study was to test the possible lateralization of skin temperature. Materials and Methods: Four hundred sixty three healthy subjects (325 women, 138 men) with an average age of 23.62 years (SD = 8.65) participated in this study. All skin temperature measurements were done 8:00-9:00 a.m. Skin temperature was assessed for three different points in skin: axillary, thumb and external auditory. Results: Skin temperature was statistically significantly higher on the right side of the body than on the left side, when measured by axillary and thumb temperatures. But there was no statistically significant difference in external auditory temperature. Conclusion: The asymmetry of skin temperature may result from the peripheral immune asymmetry or the asymmetric lymph node distribution.

scholarly journals Temperature of representative areas of the breast department of the vegetative nervous system as the index of human organism functional state

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S. Goncharevskyi ◽  
M. Makarchuk ◽  
V. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Almost all processes in the human body in one way or another connected with the autonomic nervous system. That's why it is real to evaluate the functional state of the person by temperature characteristics of representative points of the autonomic nervous system. Location and information of these points are confirmed by fundamental research. However, simply measuring the temperature at some points may not be sufficient to establish any systematic changes in the human body. The establishment of such changes requires systematic assessment of interdependent significant relationships between these parameters.The main aim of our research was to study effects of myocardial infarction in the thoracic region of the autonomic nervous system. The temperature of representative areas of the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340 , with an accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). Statistical analysis was conducted in the packet Statistics 10. The presence of a difference in the temperature coefficients of representative areas (p<0,05). For the left side of the spine characterized by a difference in Th1–Th5 segments, which confirms their diagnosis: Th1 – 0,931,12 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th2 – 1,571,12 and -0,486,70, Th3 – 1,582611,12325 and -0,663,36, Th4 – 0,85913 0,92611 and -1,74,64, Th5 – 0,923480,75469 and-1,615,73 respectively. For the right side of the thoracic spines: Th6 – 0,850,73 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th7 – -1,000,79 and -1,370,69, Th8 – -0,960,73 and -0,990,68, Th9 – -0,120,64 and -0,380,83, Th10 – -0,921,14 and -1,031,00, Th11 – -1,691,05 and -1,861,06, Th12- -1,651,15 and -1,961,12 respectively. We found that myocardial infarction is manifested in the thoracic spine. In an experimental group there is significant difference of temperature in all segments. We can also notice asymmetry of temperatue between the right and left side of the spine. In the test group there are a deviation from the normal temperature in the first five thoracic segments on the left side, which confirms their diagnosis. On the right side of the spine there are a deviation in the last seven segments, which may indicate the compensatory mechanisms of regulation of the system. We can observe the temperature asymmetry, which in long-term exposure can negatively affect to the body.

scholarly journals Thermal Imaging Following Exercise in Working Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calan M. Farley ◽  
Patricia Kaynaroglu ◽  
Donna Magness ◽  
Ronald J. Riegel ◽  
Cynthia M. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right

Disaster search dogs traverse diverse and unstable surfaces found in collapsed buildings. It is unknown if the physical conditioning on a treadmill involves the same muscle groups that are involved in rubble search. This 14-week prospective cohort study was conducted to investigate changes within the thermal gradients of specific dog muscles following treadmill compared to rubble search. Nine dogs, ranging in age from 6 months to 4 years, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each week the two groups would participate in either 20 min of treadmill or rubble searches. Prior to exercise, the dogs were weighed and then kenneled in a temperature-controlled study room for 20 min at 21°C. Pre-exercise thermal images were then captured of the standing dog from the dorsal, left and right lateral, and caudal perspectives, and of the sitting dog from the rostral perspective. Following a 10-min warm-up period of stretches, dogs proceeded to either treadmill or search. Upon completion, dogs were kenneled in the study room for 20 min prior to post-exercise thermal images. Images were sectioned into 22 muscle regions, the pre-exercise images were subtracted from the post-exercise images to determine the temperature difference (ΔT) for that dog, on that day, for that activity. Thermography measures radiant energy, temperature, and converts this information into an image. This study looked at ΔT within a region pre and post-exercise. The study failed to find a statistically significant difference in the ΔT within each muscle group between treadmill and search activities. There was a decrease in ΔT within all muscle regions over the of the study except for the right cranial shoulder, right caudal shoulder, and right hamstring for the treadmill activity only. The decrease was significant in the pelvis, left longissimus, right cranial shoulder for the search activity, left oblique, left caudal shoulder, and left quadricep muscular regions. These findings suggest that ΔT in muscle groups are similar between treadmill exercise and rubble search. Regardless of the exercise type, 14 weeks of structured Search and Rescue training and treadmill exercise resulted in less ΔT associated with a structured weekly exercise.

Evaluation of a screw insertion landmark for a minimally invasive repair technique in induced bilateral sacroiliac luxation in feline cadavers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110107
Author(s):  
Cheol-kyu Han ◽  
Jinsu Kang ◽  
Haebeom Lee ◽  
Namsoo Kim ◽  
Suyoung Heo
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Point ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Repair Technique ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
The Right

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe an alternative landmark for screw insertion into the body of the ilium with bilateral sacroiliac luxation in cats. Methods Seven cat cadavers with artificially induced bilateral sacroiliac luxation were used. The screw insertion point was determined using the caudal iliac crest and cranial acetabular rim. These two points make the first guideline; a second guideline ran perpendicular to the caudal iliac crest point. The screw insertion point was halfway along the second guideline across the ilium body. Surgery was performed in a minimally invasive manner using fluoroscopy. Results Postoperative radiographs and CT were performed. In the postoperative evaluation, the sacroiliac joint reduction percentage was almost 90% and there was no significant difference in pelvic canal diameter ratio before and after surgery. Screw depth/sacral width was >60% in all cadavers. On CT, the angle between the screw and sacrum wing was within the normal range of 96.24° to the left and 98.65° to the right, except in one case. Conclusions and relevance In previous studies, surgical repair was based on having an intact contralateral ilium. However, this method is not applicable to patients with bilateral sacroiliac luxation and is mostly performed using open reduction methods. The screw insertion point suggested in this study offers a potential alternative repair technique for patients with bilateral sacroiliac luxation.

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