scholarly journals Pendulum test: Quantified assessment of the type and level of spasticity in persons with central nervous system lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Popovic ◽  
Tadej Bajd
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Pendulum Test

The development of a comprehensive computational model of the pendulum test which is appropriate for the analysis of the pathologic behavior of the leg in humans with the central nervous system (CNS) lesion is presented in this review. The model relates to the pendulum movement of the lower leg (shank and the foot) in the lateral plane due to the gravity and involuntary contractions of the muscles. The viscous damping and elastic stiffness reflect the soft tissues and friction in the knee joint. To quantify the pathologic activity of paralyzed muscles a reflex torque was added to the gravity generated knee joint torque. The knee joint encoder, accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned along the shank and thigh, and EMG amplifiers were used to acquire data for the illustration of the validity of the model. We show that the linear model of the movement of the lower leg is not a good representation of the motor impairment. We show that the model expanded with the reflex torque affecting the movement is well suited for the pendulum analysis. The timing of the reflex torques can be determined from the EMG recordings. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR35003] <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/SJEE2002257E">10.2298/SJEE2002257E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals STUDY OF EMBARGO’S AFFECT ON CANCER IN IRAQ

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Central Registry ◽  
Productive System

different ?? ? injury ? This study aims to knowing the affect of embargo on cancer tutors in Iraq according to different body systems , In addition, this '?0 kinds study aims at knowing t^e categories ages that can be mostly injured by the cancer Egression analysis and descriptive statistics( median and frequency tables). ^?^???? have been used to achieve these two aims .This study includes ah the seventy cancer s Iraq from 1980-1998 and the data have been from the Ministry of Health / ?? tumors Iraqicancer board administration / central registry. The results of this study are emale productive? : Embargo has affected the ten different body systems as .? central nervous system and opthamamology , Hematology ,Respiratory ? system system , male productive system , lymphatic system, connective and other soft tissues

Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Metastatic to the Pancreas: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
John Vollmerhausen ◽  
Joel White ◽  
Michael D. Prados
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extraneural Metastases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multidrug Chemotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Weiss Criteria

Abstract A case is reported in which a desmoplastic medulloblastoma metastasized to the pancreas and to the surrounding soft tissues but did not recur locally or disseminate within the central nervous system. Multidrug chemotherapy and local radiation therapy resulted in a complete remission. In all four previously reported cases of medulloblastoma metastasizing to the pancreas, the diagnosis was not made until the postmortem examination, and all of these patients also had extensive metastases in other organ systems. Modification of the Weiss criteria defining extraneural metastases from tumors of the central nervous system is suggested.

Paediatrische Radiologie: Stützgewebe-Zentralnervensystem-Syndrome, Vol. I, by Franz Schmid. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972, 504 pp., $78.70

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-631
Author(s):  
Edward B. D. Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Radiology ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Only the first volume of this projected two-volume textbook of pediatric radiology is available for review. Included in the first volume is a discussion of bones and soft tissues, the central nervous system, and 100 pages of syndromes in brief tabulated form. This is a handsome book written in German with 451 excellent illustrations. Few of the 16 contributing authors are well known in this country and it would seem that few are full-time pediatric radiologists.

scholarly journals Nonlinear robust compensator design for postural control of a biomechanical model with delayed feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 679-690
Author(s):  
Nadia Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Najam ul Islam ◽  
Asif Mahmood Mughal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Transmission Delays ◽  
Neural Transmission ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Nonlinear Robust

Postural stability and balance regulation is an intricate neurophysiological task which entails coordination of movements for successful execution. This task is proficiently regulated by central nervous system. The sensory feedback through muscles via proprioceptors has neural transmission delays which make the movement coordination and computations by central nervous system a complex problem to deal with. This paper addresses a nonlinear robust technique based on feedback linearization for postural stabilization of a single-link biomechanical model in the presence of physiological latencies. We included neural transmission delays in sensory feedback from proprioceptors. We developed [Formula: see text] optimal controller and integrated it with feedback linearization to calculate the joint torque for the biomechanical task. This modeling scheme is simulated in MATLAB/SimMechanics, and the simulation results for the nonlinear biomechanical model are developed. The joint torque compensates for the delays and settles the motion profiles within anatomical constraints. The position profile shows a bit higher overshoot (0.02, 0.03 rad) in case of delays; however, the settling time is same for the profiles with and without delay. The extensor torque is same for all profiles; however, the flexion torque increases for the delayed case. The simulation results show the applicability of this scheme for further analysis of the biomechanical task.

Ewing's Family of Tumors Involving Structures Related to the Central Nervous System: A Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gary Hadfield ◽  
Martha M. Quezado ◽  
Robert L. Williams ◽  
Vivian Y. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This review consolidates information gleaned from several case reports and larger series on Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (EFT) involving structures related to and found in the central nervous system (CNS). These tumors involve the skull, the spinal column, adjacent soft tissues, the meninges, and the brain. We have separated the cases by skull region and spinal column level, and we discuss the attendant differences in prognosis following treatment by neurosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Light and electron microscopic features can be used to differentiate EFT from other small round blue cell tumors that involve the CNS (central primitive neuroectodermal tumor, lymphoma, etc.). Recent molecular and genetic findings in EFT provide new diagnostic methods. We conclude that EFT involving the CNS and adjacent structures is not so rare as previously stated and that the prognosis is more favorable, as a rule, than for the more common examples arising in the long bones and pelvis.

Effects of Nicergoline on Calcium and Magnesium Deposition in the Central Nervous System Tissues of Rats Maintained on Low-Calcium Diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yasui ◽  
T Kihira ◽  
M Tsujimoto ◽  
K Ota
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Reduction of calcium intake leads to the mobilization of calcium and magnesium from the bone pool and to calcium deposition in the soft tissues, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of 10α-methoxy-1,6-dimethylergoline-8β-methanol 5-bromonicotinate (nicergoline), an ameliorator of cerebral circulation and metabolism, on the deposition of calcium and magnesium in the CNS, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, abdominal aorta and bones were studied in rats maintained on standard and low-calcium diets. Rats were fed the following diets for 90 days: standard calcium (12.5 g/kg); standard calcium with 60 mg/kg nicergoline; low-calcium (30 mg/kg); and low-calcium with 60 mg/kg nicergoline. The presence of nicergoline did not affect blood chemistry but magnesium concentrations in the liver were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in rats fed standard diet with nicergoline. Magnesium concentrations in the occipital cortex, pons, cerebellum, liver, kidney, muscle and femur of nicergoline-treated rats fed low-calcium diet were significantly ( P < 0.01 − 0.05) higher compared with those in the corresponding controls, whereas the calcium concentrations in the femur of nicergoline-treated rats fed both standard and low-calcium diets were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than those in the corresponding controls. In general, nicergoline tended to preserve the calcium content in the bone of rats fed a standard diet. Nicergoline may be implicated in calcium metabolism in rats fed low-calcium diets and may activate cerebral metabolism through the maintenance of magnesium concentrations in the CNS and soft tissues.

Evaluation of the Oncohaematologic Pathology of Two Oncologics Centers of Buenos Aires, Argentina in the Period between 1995–2005; a Total of 1884 Cases.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4683-4683
Author(s):  
Marta O. Dragosky ◽  
Isabel Annetta ◽  
Viviana Alvarellos4 ◽  
Laura Devotto5 ◽  
Patricia Luchetta6 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Granulocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract Introduction: In the absence of national and regional records of oncohaematologic pathology the information regarding the composition and characterstics of this patients population was evaluated in this two oncologic centers of Buenos Aires. Results: Of the whole of 1884 patients, the distribution of the pathologies was: Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): 1040 cases (55,2 %), Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) 358 (19 %), Leukemia 258 (13,7 %), (chronic lymphatic 105, chronic myeloid 93, acute 52, trycholeukemia 8) Myeloma 131 (6,95 %), thrombocythemia 24 (1,27 %), Myelodysplasia 22 (1,16 %), Polycythemia Vera: 17 (0,90 %), Plasmacytoma 14 (0,74 %), Myelofibrosis 8 (0,42 %), Histiocytosis. 5 (0,26 %), Macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom 4 (0,2 %), Granulocytic Sarcoma 2 (0,1 %), Dendritics Cells Sarcoma 1 (0,05 %). The sex distribution was: 982 (52.14 %) males, 902 (47,86 %) females. The range of ages was: 15 to 94 years, with an average of 52,3 years. Of the whole of 1040 NHL 274 (26,34 %) presented extranodal locations, distributed as follows: skin 63, orbital 37, tonsil 35, oral cavity 17, stomach 16, central nervous system 16 (12 brain), breast 13, soft tissues 12, parothyd 11, cavum 11, bowel 9, testicle 7, paranasal sinuses and bones 6, rectum and lung 3, larynx, uterus and scalp 2, liver, ovary and thyroid gland 1. A whole of 29 patients presented pathology associated with the HIV: 22 NHL and 7 HL. In the population with HL the average age was 36,7 years, with 38 % younger than 25 years, we do not observe the bimodal curve usually descript. The predominant histologies: nodular sclerosis 40,7 % and mixed cellularity36,53 % (low frequency of subtypes lymphocitary predominance and lymphocitary depletion). Stage II 44,87 % and stage III 23,71 %. The most frequent locations: cervical 53,2 % and mediastinic 47,11 % (and low frequency of abdominal and inguinal locations). Conclusions: The frequency of extranodal locations of NHL is similar as the international records. The distribution of the unusual locations is probably biased by the pathologies arrived from specific centers (for example: a center of ophthalmology). The population of HL is characterized by the young age and the supradiaphragmatic locations

Effect of Initial Lean on Scaling of Postural Feedback Responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Suk Yung Park ◽  
Fay B. Horak ◽  
Arthur D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints ◽  
Perturbation Magnitude

We examined how the central nervous system adjusts postural responses to an increased postural challenge due to an initial lean. Postural feedback responses scale to accommodate biomechanical constraints, such as an allowable ankle joint torque. Initial forward leaning, which is observed among the elderly who are inactive or afraid of falling, brings subjects near to the limit of stability and makes the biomechanical constraints more difficult to obey. We hypothesized that the central nervous system is aware of body dynamics and restrains postural responses when subjects initially lean forward. To test this hypothesis, fast backwards perturbations of various magnitudes were applied to 12 healthy young subjects (3 male, 9 female) aged 20 to 32 years. The subjects were instructed to stand quietly on a hydraulic servo-controlled force platform with their arms crossed over their chests, then to recover from a perturbation by returning to their upright position, without stepping or lifting their heels off the ground, if possible. Initially, the subjects were either standing upright or leaning forward. The force platform was movable in the translational direction and programmed to move backward with various ramp displacements ranging from 1.2 to 15 cm, all with the duration of 275 msec. For each trial, the kinematics and ground reaction force data were recorded, then used to compute the net joint torques, employing a least squares inverse dynamics method. Optimization methods were used to identify a set of equivalent feedback control gains for each trial so that the biomechanical model incorporating this feedback control would reproduce the empirical response. The results showed that the kinematics, joint torque, and feedback gains gradually scaled as a function of the perturbation magnitude before they reached the biomechanical constraint, and the scaling became more severe with an initial forward lean. For example, the model suggested that the magnitude of the ankle joint angle feedback to ankle torque was smaller in the leaning trials than in the initially upright trials, as if the subjects experienced a larger postural perturbation in the leaning trials. These results imply that the central nervous system restrained the postural responses to accommodate the additional biomechanical constraint imposed by the forward posture, thereby suggesting that the central nervous system is aware of body dynamics and biomechanical constraints. The scaling of the postural feedback gains with the perturbation magnitude and initial lean indicates that the postural control can be interpreted as a feedback scheme with scalable gains.

scholarly journals Sturge Weber Syndrome- A Rare Congenital Neuro-cutaneous Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Wahida Sultana ◽  
Sufia Nasrin Rita ◽  
SM Anwar Sadat
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome ◽  
Venous Angiomas

Sturge Weber Syndrome (SWS) or Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis is specifically a rare non hereditary congenital sporadic disorder of elusive etiology. It belongs to a group of disorders collectively known as the phakomatoses (“motherspot” diseases). It has a vast continuum of cutaneous, neurologic, ophthalmic and oral manifestations. It consists of congenital hamartomatous malformations that may affect the eye, skin, and central nervous system (CNS) at different times, characterized by the combination of venous angiomas of leptomeninges, face, jaws and oral soft tissues. The classic pathognomonic features of disease include angioma of the leptomeninges extending to cerebral cortex with ipsilateral angiomatous lesions, unilateral facial nevus after one division of trigeminal nerve and epileptic convulsions. The most characteristic oral manifestation is represented by gingival hemangiomatous lesion usually restricted to ipsilateral maxilla or mandible. We report a case of Sturge Weber Syndrome with its characteristic oral manifestations and review of relevant prevailing literature.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2015; 5 (2): 47-51

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