scholarly journals The economic and social importance of saline soils and saltwaters during the Late Neolithic of the Pannonian Plain and the Central Balkans

Starinar ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Dragan Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Pannonian Plain ◽  
And Function ◽  
Social Importance

The importance of salt in human and animal diets suggests that the local resources of saline soils, watercourses, and marshes with saline water had to be well known to past populations. Based on the analysis of the environs of a large number of Late Neolithic and Early Eneolithic sites, this research assumes the great importance of such resources. This paper examines the spatial relationships between settlements and these resources, in the example of five Late Neolithic settlements from the territories of the Pannonian Plain and the Central Balkans. The goals of the research are to provide an initial step in the reconstruction of potential locations for salt exploitation, and provide a better understanding of each settlement and, subsequently, its role and function in the local Neolithic settlement system. The research considers previously published results of the pedological analysis of the settlement environments and archaeological investigations of the settlements. If certain micro-regions and regions did not provide possibilities for the extraction of salt for both animal and human utilisation, salt, and probably cattle, had to be procured through exchange networks. However, if livestock could not be grazed in areas abundant in salt, then salt would have to be added to the animals? diet. We conclude that Late Neolithic settlements should not be observed in isolation, but rather ?s parts of wider settlement systems including exchange networks with salt as a major commodity. This represents one of the crucial factors for the understanding of cultural development during the 5th millennium BC.

Royal, Aristocratic, and Ecclesiastical Culture

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Bagge
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Scandinavian Society ◽  
Courtly Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines four themes that raise the question of the connection between cultural development and social change in the Scandinavian kingdoms: religious versus secular literature, the social importance of Christianity, the writing of history, and the formation of a courtly culture from the mid-thirteenth century onwards. In particular, it considers the extent to which cultural and literary expressions of these social changes were actively used to promote the interests of the monarchy, the Church, and the aristocracy. The chapter first discusses the role of the Church as the main institution of learning in Scandinavia and in the rest of Europe before assessing the extent to which Christianity penetrated Scandinavian society at levels below the clerical elite. It then turns to a charismatic figure, St. Birgitta of Vadstena in Sweden, and historical writing as a literary genre in medieval Scandinavia. Finally, it provides an overview of courtly culture in Scandinavia.

Molecular-Scale Studies of Proteins at Model Biomaterial Surfaces by Atomic Force Microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Siedlecki
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Protein Layer ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Biomaterial Surfaces ◽  
And Function

A widely accepted tenet of biomaterials research is that the initial step following contact of a synthetic material with blood is the rapid adsorption of plasma proteins. The composition of this adsorbed protein layer is dependent on a variety of factors, including the surface properties of the implant material and the nature of the adsorbing proteins, and the composition and function of this protein layer is important in the subsequent biological response and ultimately the success or failure of the implanted material. While a great amount of effort has gone into developing structure/function responses for implanted biomaterials, there is still much about the molecular level interactions to be determined. We utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the molecular-level interactions of proteins with model biomaterial substrates. The AFM is unique in that it offers the opportunity to characterize interfacial environments, determine material properties, measure protein/surface interaction forces, and visualize the tertiary structure of adsorbed proteins.

scholarly journals Liver Regeneration: Analysis of the Main Relevant Signaling Molecules

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachao Tao ◽  
Menglan Wang ◽  
Enqiang Chen ◽  
Hong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Liver Mass ◽  
Termination Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stimulation Of

Liver regeneration is a highly organized tissue regrowth process and is the most important reaction of the liver to injury. The overall process of liver regeneration includes three phases: priming stage, proliferative phase, and termination phase. The initial step aims to induce hepatocytes to be sensitive to growth factors with the aid of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6. The proliferation phase promotes hepatocytes to re-enter G1 with the stimulation of growth factors. While during the termination stage, hepatocytes will discontinue to proliferate to maintain normal liver mass and function. Except for cytokine- and growth factor-mediated pathways involved in regulating liver regeneration, new substances and technologies emerge to influence the regenerative process. Here, we reviewed novel and important signaling molecules involved in the process of liver regeneration to provide a cue for further research.

Tolerance of chloride and sulphate salinity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Manchanda ◽  
S. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Sulphate Salts ◽  
Summer Rain ◽  
Semi Arid

Chickpea is the most important pulse crop of the arid and semi-arid areas. In India, it is cultivated during winter, depending on soil moisture stored from the preceding summer rain, which is often inadequate to ensure a satisfactory crop.In most such areas, saline ground water is the only source of supplementary irrigation to which chickpea, like other pulses, is highly sensitive (Maas & Hoffman 1977). Field observations indicate (Manchanda et al. 1981) that chickpea is more sensitive to chloridedominated than to sulphate-dominated saline water irrigation. Since most saline ground water and saline soils are dominated by chloride or sulphate salts, this study evaluated the effects of these salts on the yield and mineral composition of chickpea at different electrical conductivities. (ECe).

scholarly journals Recent selection of candidate genes for mammal domestication in Europeans and language change in Europe: a hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Benítez-Burraco ◽  
Evgeny Chekalin ◽  
Sergey Bruskin ◽  
Irina Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractHuman evolution resulted from changes in our biology, behavior, and culture. One source of these changes has been hypothesized to be our self-domestication (that is, the development in humans of features commonly found in domesticated strains of mammals, seemingly as a result of selection for reduced aggression). Signals of domestication, notably brain size reduction, have increased in recent times. In this paper we compare whole-genome data between Late Neolithic/Bronze Age individuals and modern Europeans and show that genes associated with mammal domestication and with neural crest development and function are significantly differently enriched in nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms between these two groups. We hypothesize how these changes might account for the increased features of self-domestication in modern humans and ultimately, for subtle recent changes in human cognition and behavior, including language.

Diagnosis and clinical criteria for chronic endometritis

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
K G Serebrennikova ◽  
N A Arutyunyan ◽  
A I Alekhin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
New Methods ◽  
And Function ◽  
Social Importance

Currently, the urgency of the problem of chronic endometritis is of medical and social importance, since it leads to impaired reproductive function. Among the risk factors there is a predominance of intrauterine devices and inflammatory complications after childbirth and abortion. Prolonged persistence of infectious agents in the endometrium in chronic endometritis leads to marked changes in the structure and function of the tissue, causes proliferative disorders, as well as disorders in cyclic transformation. Morphofunctional damage to the endometrium is not only the cause of infertility, unsuccessful attempts of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (PE), miscarriage, and a decrease in the quality of life of women due to chronic pain, dyspareunia, uterine bleeding and discharge from the genital tract. Timely and accurate diagnosis is key to the success of the restoration of reproductive function. Treatment of chronic endometritis is a complex, phased process. One of the new methods is photodynamic therapy, which leads to the development of a photochemical reaction that destroys bacterial and tumor cells, and also has an antiviral effect.

Early childhood education as special resource and initial step in preparation of creative and responsible citizen-worker

10.12737/186 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Ушакова ◽  
S. Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
International Community ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Social Importance

The international community increasingly recognizes the enormous social importance of children’s early education and upbringing, the need for State’s regulating role in implementation of complex of services providing children’s education , health and development.

scholarly journals Lipari (Aeolian Islands) Obsidian in the Late Neolithic. Artifacts, Supply and Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Martinelli ◽  
Robert H. Tykot ◽  
Andrea Vianello
Keyword(s):  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Aeolian Islands ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
And Function ◽  
Prehistoric Trade ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study focuses on the Neolithic, particularly on the emergence and development of the Diana Culture in the Aeolian Islands. Since the 1950s, the archaeological excavations unearthed parts of a settlement in a plain near the sea, contrada Diana in Lipari. We discuss the technological and typometric study of obsidian from trenches XVII, XXI, and XXXVI. A series of pXRF analyses on obsidian were carried out to identify their sources. A selection of retouched and non-retouched artifacts was examined, showing the higher variability in forms than at importing sites. This significance of this workshop area on prehistoric trade is assessed.

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