scholarly journals Energy savings for residential heating in two pairs of buildings achieved by implementation of actually consumed energy measuring

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Maja Todorovic ◽  
Petar Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption ◽  
And Control

The paper presents results of heating energy consumption measurements in two pairs of buildings in community New Belgrade for two heating seasons. Influence of these measurements on energy savings is also presented. The measurements were carried out during heating seasons 2002/03 and 2003/04 in buildings in Block 34 and 63, connected to the district heating system "Beogradske elektrane". The buildings in each pair have similar architectural and thermal characteristics. One of the buildings in a pair was "test" building and the other "control" one. In the "test" building the energy consumption for heating of each apartment was measured, as well as total energy consumption for the whole building in the substation. Occupants were able to regulate the heating system. In the "control" building the energy consumption was measured only for the whole building, and occupants had almost no impact on heating energy consumption. The comparison of energy consumption for heating in the "test" and "control" buildings is given in the paper, as well as analysis of the influence of energy consumption measurements on the achieved energy savings. .

An Improved Method to Evaluate Energy Efficiency of Large-Scale District Heating System with Boiler Heat Source

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2856-2859
Author(s):  
Wei Na ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Lei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption

Over 600 million square meter heating area use the district heating system in Beijing up to 2013. The construction and operation level of many heating systems are diverse. It leads to the difference in the heating energy consumption and cost. The obstacles that impacts on the energy efficiency improvement for the district heating system in Beijing were presented. The primary job to reduce the gross heating energy consumption is to evaluate the energy efficiency of the heating system, reasonably. The aim of the paper was to provide an improved method to evaluate the energy efficiency of a district heat system.The energy conversion between the different typical parts of a heating system was discussed: the source, the primary network, the secondary network, the heat exchanger station and the building. Also, six district heating system in Beijing was evaluated by the method to illustrate the proposed technique.

MEASURED ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF A DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONTROL STRATEGIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450008 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNG-HWAN CHO ◽  
SEONG-KI HONG ◽  
SANG-HO CHOI ◽  
M. ZAHEERUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Hot Water Supply

In this study, the secondary side measured energy consumption of a district heating system (DHS) with different hot water supply temperature control methods was compared. Two control methods were evaluated: an outdoor temperature reset control (OTRC) and an outdoor temperature predictive control (OTPC). While the OTRC strategy has been widely used for energy savings in DHS, the results show that the OTPC strategy resulted in higher energy savings. In general, the OTPC strategy maintained lower supply water temperature, and thereby reduced standby losses and increased overall heat transfer rate to the heated spaces due to higher water mass flow rate to the spaces. During the actual energy consumption monitoring, the OTPC strategy saved about 6.6% more energy compared to that of OTRC strategy. Also, it was found that under partial load conditions, such as during the daytime, the fluctuations in hot water supply temperature with OTRC were more severe than OTPC strategy. Overall, the results showed that the OTPC strategy gave better control and was more stable under full load and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals District Heating Energy Consumption of the Building Sector in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban Agglomeration: Decomposition and Decoupling Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Linghui Zhang ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Shushen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Decoupling Analysis ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption

China’s rapid urbanization has caused dramatically increasing energy consumption in the district heating systems of the building sector in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration, and this change has led to enormous air pollution issues in this region. However, the drivers and the sustainable development process of the district heating system of the building sector have not been investigated to understand the management of energy conservation and emissions reduction in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration. This study investigates the drivers of the district heating energy consumption of the building sector (DHEB) in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration between 2004 and 2016 by developing a decomposition framework. The decoupling status between the DHEB and gross domestic product (GDP) is then analyzed based on the Tapio decoupling index. The results show that a weak decoupling effect is mainly found between the DHEB and GDP in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration from 2004 to 2016. The increase in the DHEB in 2004–2016 is largely driven by the growth of the district heating area and population, while the heating energy intensity negatively contributes to the increase. Significant differences in the effects of the share of the energy mix and share of heat production technology were found between subregions in response to government policy, which impacted levels in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei in decreasing order.

Possible Implementation of Ex-core Measurement in TEPLATOR Graphite Reflector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Vilimova ◽  
Tomas Peltan ◽  
Jana Jiricková
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Flux ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Reactor Power ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
And Control

Abstract An ex-core neutron flux measurement is a crucial system for all common power reactors. It is necessary to monitor the neutron flux and control the chain reaction, therefore the ex-core neutron flux measurement is one of the main safety and control systems. The main advantage of this arrangement of detectors is a fast response to neutron flux change, which determines the reactor power change. Regarding to the new reactor concepts, it is important to deal with improved detection systems suitable for these reactors. Many of the modern reactor concepts are based on a graphite moderator or reflector, which is also the case of the TEPLATOR. The TEPLATOR is a solution of a district heating system based on heavy water as a moderator and graphite as a reflector. The TEPLATOR is designed to use irradiated fuel from the commercial PWR or BWR reactors, which has low to intermediate burnup. This article is focused on the verification of the possible use of the special neutron measuring system placed in the graphite reflector. The Monte Carlo code Serpent was used for the calculations performed in this article.

scholarly journals District heating system simulation considering consumer and pump operation features

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule K. Abildinova ◽  
Stanislav V. Chicherin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Pump Equipment

Introduction. The purpose of this investigation is to show what changes introduced in the mathematical model of a district heating system are capable of considerable improving the convergence of simulation results and actual data. The study evaluates the work of heating supply establishments with their customers as well as analysis of the ways of enhancing pump equipment efficiency that allows saving electric energy or increasing output at the same energy consumption. Materials and methods. Engineering acceptance of newly introduced and reconstructed facilities is conducted, heat loads are corrected, disconnections and recurrent connections of indebted consumers are carried out. Studying data submitted by a local heat supply establishment shows that pump seals made from iron and steel are subject accelerated wear in the course of operation. Results. Three variants of the problem solution are suggested: making seals from bronze or stainless steel, prevention of unjustified increase of seal clearances as well as using labyrinth pump seals. This will allow increasing pump equipment efficiency by 5 to 7 % and save about 2 × 105 kW∙h of electrical energy for every pump or increase of output at the same energy consumption. Taking into account that a pump station is a part of the district heating system and unmachined inner surfaces of the pumps have a significant roughness, grinding of these surfaces can improve their hydraulic characteristics of the pumps. In the scope of the suggested method, the entire district heating system is considered not in the situation when actual load is equal to the sum of all the design loads and the pump equipment has manufacturer’s parameters, but accounting actual loads and characteristics. Conclusions. Mathematical model of district heating system heating and hydraulic mode that takes issues mentioned above into consideration would allow simulating joint operation of the heating and hot water supply systems at transient operation modes with higher accuracy.

APPLICATION OF MODERN PRE-INSULATED PIPES TO INCREASE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CENTRALIZED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
I.K. Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Networks

The article is devoted to a review of manufacturing technologies and methods for counteracting the effects of aging and destruction of a ball of thermal insulation in previously insulated pipes (PIP) of heating networks. The thermophysical characteristics of various blowing agents are compared; the superiority of cyclopentane in both thermophysical and environmental parameters is shown. The basic technologies for the production of pre-insulated pipe wires are considered. The advantages of «conti» technology using a diffusion barrier are highlighted. It is shown that for polyurethane foam, the main factor that suppresses heat transfer through PUR type thermal insulation is the low thermal conductivity of the gas mixture, which is "sealed" in the foam cells. The analysis of the influence of “aging” of the heat-insulating shell, namely, the diffusion of oxygen molecules into the structure of polyurethane foam, is carried out, and its negative effect on the thermal characteristics of the heat-insulating material is shown. Oxygen diffusion leads to a gradual increase in the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the heat-insulating shell, and as a result, increases heat loss by the pipeline. The results of predictive calculations confirmed the effectiveness of the use of diffusion barriers in the manufacture of PIP. It is shown that when using PIP with a diffusion barrier, unproductive heat energy losses decrease on average by 20–21%, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the amount of payments to end consumers and an increase in the quality and efficiency of district heating systems. It is also noted that polymer pre-insulated pipelines are practically not inferior in strength and reliability to steel PIP and at the same time, they have several advantages over steel PIP. It is recommended to increase the use of polymer PIP in the reconstruction of heating networks of the district heating system.

scholarly journals Effects of implementation of co-generation in the district heating system of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Nis

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl.) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mirko Stojiljkovic ◽  
Bratislav Blagojevic ◽  
Goran Vuckovic ◽  
Marko Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Boiler House ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

Implementation of co-generation of thermal and electrical energy in district heating systems often results with higher overall energy efficiency of the systems, primary energy savings and environmental benefits. Financial results depend on number of parameters, some of which are very difficult to predict. After introduction of feed-in tariffs for generation of electrical energy in Serbia, better conditions for implementation of co-generation are created, although in district heating systems barriers are still present. In this paper, possibilities and effects of implementation of natural gas fired cogeneration engines are examined and presented for the boiler house that is a part of the district heating system owned and operated by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Nis. At the moment, in this boiler house only thermal energy is produced. The boilers are natural gas fired and often operate in low part load regimes. The plant is working only during the heating season. For estimation of effects of implementation of co-generation, referent values are taken from literature or are based on the results of measurements performed on site. Results are presented in the form of primary energy savings and greenhouse gasses emission reduction potentials. Financial aspects are also considered and triangle of costs is shown.

A Novel “Wireless On-Off Control” Technique for Household Heat Adjusting and Metering in District Heating System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanbin Liu ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Temperature Controller ◽  
The Difference

A large-scale survey and on-site measurements on space heating systems in Beijing has been carried out since 2005. Detailed analysis shows that the improvement of system regulation to adjust the heating demand and to avoid over-heating in building space is the key to reduce the heating energy consumption. It also indicates that combined heat and power (CHP) based district heating network is the most suitable solution for the space heating in Chinese northern cities. Thus, the priority should be in the research and development of new techniques to improve heating system regulation and control. In China, there are three reasons for poor heating system regulation: • the lack of control devices in space heating system, • the complex and inconvenient operation, and • the insufficient motivation because the charging policy is based on the heating areas. Field test results show that 20% to 30% of thermal energy is wasted because of the poor heating system regulation. In order to solve these problems, a novel “wireless on-off control” system for household heat adjusting and metering has been proposed. This technology works in the following way: 1) a calorimeter is installed at each building to measure the total heat consumption of the whole building; 2) an on-off valve is installed for each household and an indoor temperature controller is provided for the occupants. The operation procedure is as follows. First, the desired indoor temperature is set by the users through the indoor temperature controller and wireless signals are sent to the on-off valve. Then the on-off valve detects the real indoor temperature and determines the difference between the real temperature and the set value. After this, the valve calculates the proportion of on-time to off-time in the next step according to the thermal strategies programmed in the valve’ CPU. Then the valve is controlled according to the proportion to maintain the desired indoor temperature; and 3) the heating cost of each household can be allocated according to its heating area and the accumulative open time of the valve. The proposed technique has been applied in fifteen residential communities with the total areas of 1,200,000 m2. The testing results show that: 1) indoor temperatures were accurately controlled within +/− 0.5 °C around the set point, so that the problem of overheating can be avoided; 2) the difference of temperature in different room is less than 1 °C. Therefore, if radiators in each room are designed reasonably, to control the temperature of one room can meet the requirements of the entire user’s apartment; 3) energy consumption in the controlled household was approximately 30% lower than the uncontrolled household with the same building type.

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