scholarly journals The thermal behavior of rammed earth wall in traditional house in Vojvodina: Thermal mass as a key element for thermal comfort

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155
Author(s):  
Vesna Lovec ◽  
Milica Jovanovic-Popovic ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Earth Walls

The conducted research examines the thermal behaviour of the rammed earth walls, which is the basic structural and fa?ade element of traditional Vojvodina house. The traditional rammed earth house represents an important part of the total building stock of Vojvodina. Earth is a locally available, cheap, natural, environmentally friendly building material and has been used extensively for traditional family houses in Vojvodina. It has ecological and ?green? characteristics, which can be assessed as very high quality, and they are of significant importance in the context of sustainable development and striving to reduce energy consumption today. The research examines thermal behaviour of rammed earth wall, including theoretical analysis of: the heat transfer coefficient, U, the thermal resistance, R, and thermal conductivity, ?. One of the basic elements of thermal behaviour, the thermal mass, has been analyzed both theoretically and by measuring in situ. The in situ measurements were conducted on the traditional house in Vojvodina by measuring inside and outside surface wall and air temperature in summer. Analyses of rammed earth wall thermal performances have shown that the wall has low thermal conductivity, high heat capacity and significant thermal mass effect which is the key element enabling thermal stability. The research indicates rather good thermal properties of the rammed earth walls. Potential of rammed earth wall in Vojvodina should be an issue of further analysis, although the possibility of improvement of existing facilities to meet current standards in terms of energy efficiency should be considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Thermal Comfort and Energy Demand in a Building with Rammed Earth Walls in Spain: Influence of the Use of In Situ Measured Thermal Conductivity and Estimated Values

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Mellado Mascaraque ◽  
Francisco Javier Castilla Pascual ◽  
Víctor Pérez Andreu ◽  
Guillermo Adrián Gosalbo Guenot
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
K Value ◽  
Earth Walls

This paper describes the influence of thermal parameters—conductivity, transmittance, and thermal mass—in the estimation of comfort and energy demand of a building with rammed earth walls, and consequently, the compliance with standards. It is known that nominal design data does not match in situ measured values, especially in traditionally constructed buildings. We have therefore monitored a room in a building with rammed earth walls, designed a computerised model, and compared four different alternatives where we have changed the value for the thermal conductivity (in situ vs. estimated) and the consideration of thermal mass. When we then analyse the compliance with the Spanish energy saving code, using measured values would result in lower differences with the standards’ limits and even comply with the global thermal transmittance (K-value) requirement. This would mean a more realistic approach to the restoration of traditional buildings leading to the use of thinner and more suitable insulation and retrofitting systems, encouraging the use of rammed earth in new buildings, and therefore reducing the carbon footprint due to materials used in construction. Results show that the building model that uses in situ values and considers thermal mass (S1) is closer to reality when assessing thermal comfort. Finally, using nominal data would result in requiring 43% more energy in the selected winter period and 102% more energy in the selected summer period to keep the same comfort conditions as in the alternative where measured values are used.

scholarly journals Analysis of heat transfer coefficient of rammed earth wall in traditional houses in Vojvodina

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2919-2930
Author(s):  
Vesna Lovec ◽  
Milica Jovanovic-Popovic ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Earth Structures ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall

Traditional Vojvodina house represents an important part of the building stock of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina. The research examines the thermal transmittance of the walls of rammed earth, which is the basic structural and fa?ade element of traditional Vojvodina house, in two ways: by calculations in accordance with Serbian regulations and by measuring in situ. Parameters obtained from the measurements are compared with the calculated values for the three typical traditional Vojvodina rammed earth single family residential houses. The comparison between the values of the heat transfer coefficient, obtained by the calculation, and the results determined by in situ measurements show significant differences. It indicates that the thermal characteristics are better than calculated ones according to national regulations, but at the same time that, due to the complexity of the rammed earth walls and differences in the rammed earth structures, the results differ from case to case and can not be standardized.

Energy evaluation of rammed earth walls using long term in-situ measurements

Solar Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Soudani ◽  
Monika Woloszyn ◽  
Antonin Fabbri ◽  
Jean-Claude Morel ◽  
Anne-Cécile Grillet
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Earth Walls

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDIES TO VALUE ENHANCEMENT OF THE OLD CITADEL IN ORIA, ALMERIA, SPAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
J. Moya-Muñoz ◽  
A. Gonzalez-Serrano ◽  
F. Pinto-Puerto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Earth Walls

Abstract. During the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, the alcazaba of Oria (Old citadel) was considered one of the most outstanding medieval defensive ensembles in the province of Almeria. This defensive complex, located in the Almanzora Valley at an altitude of over a thousand metres, was built around the 12th-14th centuries and has been registered as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985. Nevertheless, unfortunate decisions to intervene in the monument and lack of maintenance facilitated the loss of most of its wall, which had been preserved until the twentieth century. Despite the critical situation of the complex, two sections of the rammed-earth wall are currently identified as standing. This study represents an opportunity to broaden the knowledge of this relevant wall structure and the characterisation of the rammed-earth reinforced wall with lime mortar layers. As a preliminary step towards the rammed-earth walls analysis, the graphic representation of wall elevations by photogrammetry tools is proposed. This technique allows to graphically define the morphology of the rammed-earth wall, to perform its typological analysis and constructive characterisation; and furthermore, to evaluate the state of constructive elements conservation by means of the identification of its damages. The information and results obtained will allow to establish the appropriate laboratory tests for the rammed-earth materials characterisation and to define a report that justifies the inexcusable need to consolidate and preserve them.

scholarly journals Rammed earth walls in Mediterranean climate: material characterization and thermal behaviour

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Serrano ◽  
Lídia Rincón ◽  
Belen González ◽  
Antonia Navarro ◽  
Montserrat Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Earth Walls

Research on Environment of Dwellings with Rammed Earth Walls in Deqin Area in Yunnan Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 957-961
Author(s):  
Li Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Earth Walls ◽  
Insulation Performance

Based on the field testing and analysis of the Tibetan dwelling in Deqin area , and more specifically, the indoor temperature of Tibetan-style dwellings with rammed earth walls as well as the surface temperature of building envelope were tested and comparatively analyzed. The test results show the current situations and features of indoor temperature changes of Tibetan-style dwellings of earth materials, the heat-insulation performance and heat stability of rammed earth wall, which may provide a basis for improving the thermal environment of Tibetan-style dwellings.

scholarly journals Cyclic Behavior of Confined Cement-Stabilized Rammed Earth Walls

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinlei Yang ◽  
Hailiang Wang ◽  
Ziliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Active Regions ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Earth Walls ◽  
Moisture Buffering ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Rammed earth is widely utilized in both developed and developing countries due to its low embodied energy and good natural moisture buffering of indoor environments. However, its application in seismic active regions was limited owing to its intrinsically low resistance to dynamic actions. This paper presents the test results of four cement-stabilized rammed earth walls with confining tie-column elements under cyclic loading, aiming at assessing the cyclic behavior of proposed rammed earth walls with confining tie-column elements. The test results revealed that the proposed confining tie-column elements could significantly improve the cyclic behavior of cement-stabilized rammed earth wall, exhibiting good strength and ductility.

Application of Infra-Red Thermography to the Analysis of Construction of the Valencian Rammed Earth Walls of The Seminary-School of Corpus Christi in Valencia (Spain)

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1770-1773
Author(s):  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Enrique Gil ◽  
Mercedes Galiana
Keyword(s):  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Earth Walls ◽  
Large Building

Infra-red thermography is widely utilised in the restoration of buildings. This article presents a novel method in the application of thermography to the analysis of rammed earth walls, and the Valencian rammed earth wall, or tapia valenciana, in particular. For this study, the authors chose The Colegio de Corpus Christi de Valencia (Spain). First, an analysis of costs incurred during the construction of the Colegio (built 1586-1610) was carried out. Second, thermographic techniques were utilised to gather further data on its construction process and corroborate information appearing in historical records. The rammed earth walls of this large building rest upon a stone footing. This study proposes a methodology that can be extensively applied to other similar studies with a view to understanding construction processes.

Study on Formative Mechanism and Preventive Measures of Rammed Earth Wall Cracks

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2630-2633
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
De Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
North Central ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Earth Walls

Rammed earth is a construction form featuring energy saving and economical. However, affected by many factors, the existing rammed earth buildings, in the course of usage, would emerge various forms of cracks. Based on the research findings on rammed earth buildings in northwest, north, central and southwest regions of China, crack forms of rammed earth walls and the formative mechanism were analyzed, in turn corresponding preventive measures were proposed in this article.

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