scholarly journals Labelling of food: A challenge for many

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Henderikx
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Consumer Organisations

Background: In food marketing, there is a trend towards artisanal, traditional ?honest? food, and simultaneously to good looking, long lasting, multi-purpose food with a clean label. In addition, marketeers like to upgrade the image of the food, including the label, using various digital techniques. This can produce (un)intended non-conformities with the current food law on labelling, which in this review, refers to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 (European Union, 2011). Food and meat labelling have been subjected to increased regulation in the recent years, sometimes after scandals (horse-gate, food fraud), sometimes due to wishes of consumer organisations (nutritional information) and sometimes after the introduction of new types of ingredients (sweeteners, phytosterols, nanomaterials). Scope and approach: This review provides information about food labelling. Some experiences gathered by food inspectorate personnel in practice, with reference to the literature data, positive aspects, main problems and trends are discussed. Key findings and conclusion: Food labelling is a complex requirement, with the general demands written down in the harmonized regulation (European Union, 2011). Foods sold by e-commerce must also follow these same regulations. However, many food labels on the market show smaller and/or bigger deviations from the legal requirements, which should be appropriately addressed by the food manufacturers or packers, but also by the competent authorities. Even training of consumers seems to be needed, since all this information is, in the end, intended for consumers to aptly utilise.

The contradictions of food labelling policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lang
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Nutritional Information

A variety of food labelling issues are reviewed: information about manufacturers' names, quality standards and quality marks, nutritional information, health claims, advertising, additives, genetically modified organisms, pesticides, organic foods, eco-labelling and animal welfare. Some of these issues are reasonably fully reflected in food labels and others not at all. There are different possible explanations for this variation in coverage. There is little consistency of approach to labelling, and there are grounds for questioning whether food labelling is working to the benefit of consumers. Market theory requires consumers to be fully informed for the market to work. But theory and reality are ill-matched because food labelling has itself become a battleground, rather than a tool to enable the market to work. Market theory either needs to be applied or to be changed. Food labelling is not the answer to getting better food, better food production, or even better flows of information. At best, the struggle for more honest labelling can be an educational process in itself.

scholarly journals Can Food Labels Improve the Food Systems in the World?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Nsamba ◽  
Elezebeth Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
The World ◽  
Consumer Organisations ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Food systems across the world have changed from wholesome foods to fast and ultra-refined foods. This nutrition transition has contributed immensely to the rapidly increasing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and obesity across the globe. There is a growing need to support consumers in making healthier food choices through information, education and communication, and by targeting the market environment through food labelling. Food labels include ingredients, amounts, allergens, name of manufacturer, country of origin, date of manufacture and expiry. This article aims to raise awareness of the effectiveness of food labelling to improve the food system and, in return, combat the rising NCDs. Nutrition labelling has shown positive results in shaping consumer food choices and improving the quality of food production by food manufacturers. Unfortunately, there is a tendency for food companies to market false information about food, marketing an item to consumers as a healthy food option, when in fact, it is not.Despite increasing calls for mandatory food labelling as a policy strategy to halt the rising prevalence of NCDs, governments require clear evidence supporting the effectiveness of food labelling in improving food choices to make informed decisions. Mandatory labelling would require a strong commitment from all stakeholders, including the food industry, governments, consumer organisations and the trade industry.

Regulating food fraud: Public and private law responses in the EU, Italy and the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Antonia Corini ◽  
Bernd van der Meulen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Public Enforcement ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Law System ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Food Law ◽  
The One

The horsemeat scandal urgently raised the question of how to regulate food fraud. Responses across Europe have shown, on the one hand, differing approaches in terms of conceptualisation and management of food fraud and, on the other hand, the inconsistencies and weaknesses of the European Union Food Law system in dealing with food fraud. This chapter discusses how to deal with food fraud. The combination of a focus on framing public enforcement to food fraud prevention and the adaption of a punitive sanction system to fight food fraud, interest is growing in the use of private schemes. Some of these private schemes already recommend companies to use instruments that may prevent and manage crimes involving food. The use of private schemes means that businesses assume responsibility to avoid food law violations. Therefore, together with international and national regulatory schemes, private schemes provide a promising tool to combat food fraud.

scholarly journals Analysis of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (Ireland) and the Food4Me Nutrition Survey Databases to Explore the Development of Food Labelling Portion Sizes for the European Union

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gibney ◽  
Aifric O’Sullivan ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Hannelore Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Food Portion Size ◽  
The Eu

The present study set out to explore the option of developing food portion size for nutritional labelling purposes using two European Union (EU) dietary surveys. The surveys were selected as they differed in (a) methodologies (food diary versus food frequency questionnaire), (b) populations (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) versus a seven-country survey based on the pan EU study Food4Me), (c) food quantification (multiple options versus solely photographic album) and (d) duration (4 consecutive days versus recent month). Using data from these studies, portion size was determined for 15 test foods, where portion size was defined as the median intake of a target food when consumed. The median values of the portion sizes derived from both the NANS and Food4Me surveys were correlated (r = 0.823; p < 0.00) and the mean of the two survey data sets were compared to US values from the Recognized as Customarily Consumed (RACC) database. There was very strong agreement across all food categories between the averaged EU and the US portion size (r = 0.947; p < 0.00). It is concluded that notwithstanding the variety of approaches used for dietary survey data in the EU, the present data supports using a standardized approach to food portion size quantification for food labelling in the EU.

scholarly journals Consumer Knowledge about Food Labeling and Fraud

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Maria João Moreira ◽  
Juan García-Díez ◽  
José M. M. M. de Almeida ◽  
Cristina Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Labeling ◽  
Consumer Knowledge ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Different Types

Food fraud is a growing problem and happens in many ways including mislabelling. Since lack of consumers’ knowledge about mandatory food labeling information and different types of food fraud may impact public health, the present work assesses consumers’ knowledge about these issues. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain a smaller number of uncorrelated factors regarding the usefulness and confidence of information displayed in food labels and the perception of food fraud. Results indicated that information displayed in food labels is useful, however the way it is presented may decrease consumer interest and understanding. Regarding respondents’ confidence in foodstuffs, over half of them stated that information provided in food labels is reliable. However, a lack of confidence about food composition is observed in those processed foodstuffs such as meat products. Food fraud is recognized by more than half of respondents with a higher perception of those practices that imply a risk to public health than those related to economic motivation. Age and education of consumers influenced the perception of the information displayed in the food labels, their confidence and knowledge about food fraud. Implementation of education programs to increase consumer knowledge about food labelling and fraud is essential. Respondents’ perception results could be use as guidelines by the food industry to improve food label design in order to enhance consumer understanding.

scholarly journals Impact of Common Food Labels on Consumer Liking in Vanilla Yogurt

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Li ◽  
Robin Dando
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Product Success ◽  
Consumer Test ◽  
Product Concepts

As competition on super market shelves is higher than ever, the importance of product concepts, communicated through labels, can dictate a product’s success or failure. However, it is possible for labels to affect a consumer’s experience, changing the overall response to the product. In this study, we tested samples of vanilla yogurt with one of four commonly used labeling concepts (high-protein, low-fat, made with stevia and all-natural) on sensory perception, consumer liking, expected consumption amount, and willingness to pay (WTP) in a consumer test (n = 108). Each participant evaluated five samples of the same vanilla yogurt identified with one of the labels, or an unlabeled control. Results showed panelists liked the samples labeled with low-fat and high-protein to the greatest degree, with all-natural scoring the lowest. Those more concerned with protein content found the samples less satiating, dependent on sex. Sweetness was also perceived more highly in younger panelists, with panelists WTP dependent on their liking of the labels. Results highlight the importance of labeling as an extrinsic cue affecting liking ratings, with potential ramification for ultimate product success. Understanding consumers’ response to labels, as well as their attitudes, has broad implications for food marketing, as well as public health and the study of eating habits.

Critical Review of SME Regulation Optimization in Serbia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1623-1645
Author(s):  
Olgica Milošević
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Political Economic

The European Union (EU) and the Republic of Serbia have recognized the importance of SMEs and are developing accordingly the institutional framework of this sector. In the process of EU accession, Serbia has to fulfil political, economic and legal requirements by implementing systemic reforms of its legal system in order to align it with the EU acquis. Some of these requirements have a direct or indirect impact on SME regulations, to which our chapter has been dedicated within a series of our papers on developing the SME regulatory framework. This paper will try to present the importance of innovating legal development of these companies. Furthermore, modern concepts will be introduced together with very important tools of legal forms of SME organization. The intention is to clearly define specific legal goals of SMEs, expressed through targeted legal forms. The modern regulatory framework relating to SMEs should combine the existing solid theoretical base and innovative models from the practice.

Providing Food Information to Consumers – Proposed Legislation under the Screening of the European Parliament

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Luca Capodieci ◽  
Zeev Noga
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Law

This section aims at updating readers on the latest developments of risk-related aspects of food law at EU level, giving information on legislation and case law on various matters, such as food safety, new diseases, animal health and welfare and food labelling.

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