scholarly journals The frequency of resistance to antibiotics of most frequently isolated bacteria from blood cultures during the period 1997-2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Veljko Mirovic ◽  
Branka Tomanovic ◽  
Sonja Konstantinovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of resistance to antibiotics of the most frequently isolated bacteria from blood cultures of hospitalized patients during the period 1997-2002. The resistance to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards procedures. The majority of staphylococci isolates were resistant to methicillin, and the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was stable (76.8-81.6%), during the follow-up period. None of the staphylococci isolates were resistant to vancomycin, but there was a very high incidence of high-level resistance of enterococci to aminoglycosides (47.2-72.2%). In 1998, only one strain among enterococci was resistant to vancomycin (Enterococcus faecium, VanA fenotype). Enterococcus spp isolates expressed variable frequency of resistance to ampicillin (15-40.1%) during the follow-up period. Among Enterobacteriaceae there were no isolates resistant to imipenem, but dramatic increase of the resistance to ceftriaxone was found from 35.9% in 1997 to 95.9% in 2002 (p<0.001). Extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was found in all the species of enterobacteria isolates. Resistance to imipenem was observed in Acinetobacter spp isolates in 2002 for the first time. Pseudomonas spp isolates expressed high and very variable resistance to all antibiotics tested during the follow-up period.

scholarly journals Glycopeptide sensitivity patterns in Staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Majeed ◽  
Mateen Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
High Level

Staphylococci are among the most important and common human pathogens worldwide. Their resistance to antibiotics is increasing. The glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin and teicoplanin) are the last resort to treat serious infections caused by these bacteria. During the last decade the strains of staphylococci have developed intermediate levels of resistance to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence glycopeptide resistance among clinical isolates of staphylococci in Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, and comparison of antimicrobial sensitivities of vancomycin and teicoplanin among these isolates. 75 (Seventy five) consecutive staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens received in the laboratory were collected and their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) disk diffusion method. Results show that all staphylococci were sensitive to the glycopeptide antibiotics. This indicates that no high-level resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in these organisms is present in our hospital. However, the emerging resistance in staphylococci against these drugs worldwide necessitates strict surveillance of these organisms, institution of effective infection control policies and judicious use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in District Hospital in Central Poland in 2020

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Agata Grużewska ◽  
Piotr Szweda ◽  
Jolanta Wicha ◽  
Urszula Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

scholarly journals Study of the Comparative Activity of Piperacillin/Tazobactam with Currently Available Antibiotics against 8206 Aerobic Isolates

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Forward ◽  
Donald E Low ◽  
Michel Laverdiere ◽  
Robert Rennie ◽  
Andrew E Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Diffusion Testing ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

OBJECTIVES: To compare the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam with piperacillin and other parenterally administered antibiotics against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci isolated from across Canada, and to determine the prevalence of resistance mediated by extended-spectrum cephalosporinases.METHODS: Sixty-one laboratories participated. Disk diffusion testing was performed in accordance with methods outlined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Susceptibilities were performed on 8206 strains.Escherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaewith reduced susceptibilities to third-generation cephalosporins were screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).RESULTS: Piperacillin-tazobactam was active against 92% of the strains, piperacillin against 81% and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid against 88%. Few differences were observed in the relative susceptibility of strains from teaching or community hospitals, from different anatomic sites or from different regions of the country. Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli tested tended to be more susceptible to all the agents than was recently reported in a similar American study. Only 43% ofEnterococcus faeciumwere susceptible to ampicillin and 42% to piperacillin piperacillin with and without tazobactam. Only two enterococcal strains were resistant to vancomycin, and 19 had intermediate zone sizes. Of the 10 strains ofE coliand eight strains ofK pneumoniaewith reduced susceptibility to extended spectrum cephalosporins, only one demonstrated typical ESBL activity.CONCLUSIONS: Canadian aerobic Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli remain highly susceptible to many currently available antibiotics. The findings confirm a broad spectrum of activity of piperacillin-tazobactam and indicate that the pattern of susceptibility is quite uniform from different body sites, in both teaching and community hospitals, and across the country.

scholarly journals Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Nahida Akther Zahan ◽  
Md. Akram Hossain ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
AKM Musa ◽  
Md. Chand Mahamud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

The study was done to detect different exotoxins among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Medicine under the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh between the periods from July, 2006 to June, 2007. A total of 40 S. aureus isolates investigated in this study were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to Oxacillin was carried out by disk diffusion method as per recommendation of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Any isolate showing resistance to Oxacillin was tested again by agar dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Methicillin. All strains were also tested for mecA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for confirmation of Methicillin resistance. Enterotoxin (A-D) and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) were detected by Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA) test. Out of 40 S. aureus isolates, 7 (17.5%) Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 1 (2.5%) Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) produced Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SE-A) and 1 MRSA isolate was positive for TSST-1. In case of combined toxin production among the S. aureus isolates, 2 (5%) MSSA were found to produce SE-A and SE-B, 2 (5%) MSSA produced SE-C and SE-D, and 1 (2.5%) MRSA, 1 (2.5%) MSSA produced SE-C and TSST-1.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02): 3-6

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter isolates from sewage and poultry abattoir drain water

1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. F. J. Koenraad ◽  
W. F. Jacobs-Reitsma ◽  
T. Van Der Laan ◽  
R. R. Beumer ◽  
F. M. Rombouts
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Sewage Purification

SummaryIn this study, thein vitrosusceptibility of 209 campylobacter strains to the quinolones nalidixic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin was tested by the disk diffusion method. The strains were isolated from poultry abattoir effluent (DWA) and two sewage purification plants (SPA and SPB). Sewage purification plant SPA received mixed sewage, including that from a poultry abattoir, whereas SPB did not receive sewage from any meat-processing industry. The quinolone resistance of the DWA isolates ranged from 28% for enrofloxacin to 50% for nalidixic acid. The strains isolated from the sewage purification plants were more susceptible to the quinolones with a range of 11–18% quinolone resistance for SPB isolates to 17–33% quinolone resistance for SPA isolates. The susceptibility criteria as recommended by National Committee Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA) cannot readily be employed for campylobacter isolates. This investigation shows that the resistance of campylobacter bacteria is highest in the plant receiving sewage from a poultry slaughterhouse. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of aquaticCampylobacterspp. is important, as surface waters are recognized as possible sources of infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bacterial pathogens in neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility pattern: A Hospital Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Raha ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Md Abdul Baki ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Nazmun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Epidemiology and surveillance of neonatal sepsis helps in implementation of rational empirical antibiotic strategy. A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the special care baby unit under department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, BIRDEM General Hospital during the period of November 2008 to September 2009 to determine the pattern of bacterial agents causing neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility pattern to various antimicrobial agents. Blood cultures were performed on admitted newborn babies (0-28 days) to rule out sepsis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for all blood culture isolates according to the criteria of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards by disk diffusion method. Out of 720 screened blood cultures, 64 (8.9%) reported as positive and the gram positive and gram negative bacteria accounted for 6 (9.4%) and 58 (90.6%) respectively. The most common gram positive organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) and Enterococci (3.1%) & gram negative organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%), Serratia (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.9%), Citrobacter (10.9%) and Acinetobacter (6.3%). The susceptibilities were remarkably low to Ampicillin (3.12 %) & Cefotaxim (10.9%) for both gram positive & gram negative isolates. Gram positive group had susceptibilities of 66.7% to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem, 83.3% to Gentamicin, & 100% to Amikacin & Vancomycin. Gram negative isolates showed higher sensitivities to Imipenem (94.8%), Ciprofloxacin (89.7%), Amikacin (72.4%) respectively. Gram-negative bacteria showed high level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics (Ampicillin, Ceftazidim and Cefotaxim). Gentamicin, Amikacin, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin were the most effective drugs compared to others. Routine bacterial surveillance and their sensitivity patterns must be an essential component of neonatal care. CBMJ 2014 January: Vol. 03 No. 01 P: 35-40

scholarly journals Use of an Oxacillin Disk Screening Test for Detection of Penicillin- and Ceftriaxone-Resistant Pneumococci

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise P. Jetté ◽  
Christian Sinave
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Intermediate Resistance

In a context of worldwide emergence of resistance amongStreptococcus pneumoniae strains, early detection of strains with decreased susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics is important for clinicians. If the 1-μg oxacillin disk diffusion test is used as described by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, no interpretation is available for strains showing zone sizes of ≤19 mm, and there is presently no disk diffusion test available for screening cephalosporin resistance. The zones obtained by the diffusion method by using the 1-μg oxacillin disk were compared with penicillin MICs for 1,116 clinical strains and with ceftriaxone MICs for 695 of these strains. Among the 342 strains with growth up to the 1-μg oxacillin disk margin, none were susceptible (MIC, ≤0.06 μg/ml), 62 had intermediate resistance (MIC, 0.12 to 1.0 μg/ml), and 280 were resistant (MIC, ≥2.0 μg/ml) to penicillin. For ceftriaxone, among 98 strains with no zone of inhibition in response to oxacillin, 68 had intermediate resistance (MIC, 1.0 μg/ml), and 22 were resistant (MIC, ≥2.0 μg/ml). To optimize the use of the disk diffusion method, we propose that the absence of a zone of inhibition around the 1-μg oxacillin disk be regarded as an indicator of nonsusceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone and recommend that such strains be reported as nonsusceptible to these antimicrobial agents, pending the results of a MIC quantitation method.

Accuracy of Nanosphere Verigene Gram-Negative Blood Culture (BC-GN) Test for Rapid Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) From Positive Blood Cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S18
Author(s):  
Dennise Otero ◽  
Clay Patros ◽  
Erin McElvania ◽  
Kamaljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Community Onset ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background The rapid and accurate detection of ESBL production in Gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia is critical as recent data suggest that carbapenem treatment decreases mortality. At the same time, avoiding widespread empiric carbapenem prescribing is an important goal of antimicrobial stewardship teams. The aim of this retrospective review was to determine the accuracy of a nucleic acid–based test, Luminex Verigene BC-GN panel, to detect ESBL-positive GNRs direct from blood cultures. Methods The Verigene BC-GN was performed on all first positive GNR blood cultures. In addition, routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates by the disk-diffusion method and included phenotypic ESBL testing using cefotaxime and ceftazidime with and without clavulanate. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus mirabilis–positive blood cultures were identified as ESBL producers through either Verigene or phenotypic disk testing. Positive GNR blood cultures from February 2016 to July 2017 were included for review. The primary objective was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Verigene for detection of ESBLs. The secondary objective was assessing the percent of community-onset and hospital-acquired ESBL-positive blood cultures. Results There were 83 positive blood cultures with ESBL producing GNR included in the primary review. A total of 82 of 83 positive GNR blood cultures were CTX-M gene positive via Verigene (sensitivity 98.8%). All 83 cultures were confirmed as ESBL producers via phenotypic tests. There were no positive Verigene cases with negative phenotypic results. All 68 ESBL E coli–positive cultures were detected by Verigene (100%), 10 ESBL K pneumoniae (100%), and four of the five ESBL P mirabilis–positive cultures (80%). Of the 73 results available for review in the secondary objectives, 68 were community onset (93%) and five were hospital acquired (7%). Conclusion The majority of ESBL-positive blood cultures in a low-prevalence setting were due to CTX-M producers. The Luminex Verigene BC-GN was accurate in detecting ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures and can be reliably used to guide antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Pacha Venkataramana Geetha ◽  
Kayanam Vijaya Lalitha Aishwarya ◽  
Shanthi Mariappan ◽  
Uma Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
High Level

Abstract Introduction Fluoroquinolones are widely used broad-spectrum antibiotics. Recently, increased rate of resistance to this antibiotic has been observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) mutation genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae. Material and Methods The study included 110 nonduplicate ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution methods for ciprofloxacin was performed according to the recommendations of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. The presence of QRDR genes and PMQR genes was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Result All 110 isolates were resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin. As much as 88% of the isolates exhibited high-level of MIC to ciprofloxacin. Among the 110 isolates, 94(85%) harbored gyrA and 85 (77%) gyrB. The parC and parE genes were detected in 88 (80%) and 64 (58%) isolates. qnrB was detected in 13 (12%) isolates and qnrS in 5 (4.5%) isolates. Two (1.8%) isolates carried both qnrB and qnrS genes. The acc (6')-Ib-cr gene was found in 98 (89%) isolates and oqxAB was detected in 7 (6.3%) isolates. One (0.9%) isolate carried qnrB, acc(6')-Ib-cr and oqxAB genes. Conclusion The prevalence of acc (6')-Ib-cr gene is high among PMQR determinants, followed by qnrB, oqxAB and qnrS.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Processing of Brewery Waste with the Addition of Bulking Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10174
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka ◽  
Marek Zdaniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

The aim of the study was to determine the drug resistance profile and to assess the presence of genes responsible for the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolated from energy-processed hop sediment with the addition of bulking agents. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method and the PCR technique to detect genes determining the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) mechanism. A total of 100 strains of E. coli were collected. The highest resistance was found to aztreonam, tetracycline, ampicillin, ticarcillin, and ceftazidime. The bacteria collected were most often resistant to even 10 antibiotics at the same time and 15 MDR strains were found. The ESBL mechanism was determined in 14 isolates. Among the studied genes responsible for beta-lactamase production, blaTEM was the most common (64%). The study revealed that the analysed material was colonised by multi-drug-resistant strains of E. coli, which pose a threat to public health. The obtained results encourage further studies to monitor the spread of drug resistance in E. coli.

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