scholarly journals Effect of aqueous solution of stevioside on pharmacological properties of some cardioactive drugs

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velibor Vasovic ◽  
Aleksandar Raskovic ◽  
Momir Mikov ◽  
Ivan Mikov ◽  
Boris Milijasevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cardioactive Drugs

Background/Aim. Stevioside is a glycoside that supposedly possesses a number of pharmacodynamic effects such as anti-infective, hypoglycemic, along with the beneficial influence on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rats pretreatment with aqueous solution of stevioside on pharmacological actions of adrenaline, metoprolol and verapamil. Methods. Rats were administered (intraperitoneally 200 mg/kg/day) stevioside as aqueous solution or physiological saline in the course of 5 days, then anaesthetized with urethane and the first ECG recording was made. The prepared jugular vein was connected to an infusion pump with adrenaline (0.1 mg/mL), verapamil (2.5 mg/mL) or metoprolol (1 mg/mL). Control animals, pretreated with saline, in addition to the mentioned drugs, were also infused with the solution of stevioside (200 mg/mL) in the course of recording ECG. Results. The infusion of stevioside produced no significant changes in ECG, even at a dose exceeding 1,600 mg/kg. In the control group, a dose of adrenaline of 0.07 ? 0.02 mg/kg decreased the heart rate, whereas in the steviosidepretreated rats this occurred at a significantly higher dose (0.13 ? 0.03 mg/kg). In stevioside-pretreated rats, the amount of verapamil needed to produce the decrease in heart rate was significantly lower compared to the control. The pretreatment with stevioside caused no significant changes in the parameters registered on ECG during infusion of metoprolol. Conclusion. The results suggest that pretreatment with stevioside may change the effect of adrenaline and verapamile on the heart rate.

scholarly journals Is Local Anesthetic Infiltration Prior to Intravenous Cannulation Beneficial to Patients?

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Babu Raja Shrestha ◽  
U Shrestha ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
A Rana
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Venous Cannulation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Local Anesthetic Infiltration

Aims: Intravenous cannulation causes pain, anxiety and frustration in patients along with changes in hemodynamic parameters. Infiltration of local anesthetic lessens the pain of intravenous cannulation. This study was performed to compare cardiovascular responses and verbal rating pain scores in two groups with and without local anesthetic infiltration prior to venous cannulation. Methods: This was a randomized study conducted in 100 elective surgical patients, divided into two study groups with 50 patients in each: group A (Control) and group B (local anesthetic infiltration). Prior to venous cannulation in group B, 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine was infiltrated at the procedure site at dorsum of the wrist. Patients in group A were cannulated directly without local anesthetic infiltration. The hemodynamic changes pre and post cannulation and verbal pain rating scores were recorded by blind observers in all patients. Results: Demographic values in two groups were similar. Increase in heart rate from baseline value was significant in control group (p < 0.05). Post cannulation heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in group A compared to group B for the first three minutes (p < 0.05). Amongst higher number of patients in group A, verbal rating pain score was significantly higher. Ninety-four percent of the patients in group B were pain free, comfortable and satisfied with the procedure. Conclusions: Intravenous cannulation can be made pain free with patient satisfaction and hemodynamic stability if carried out with prior local anesthetic infiltration. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 1 / Issue 15 / Jan- June, 2013 / 10-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i1.8853

Pharmacoequivalence of Enoxaparin and Contaminated Enoxaparin

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3018-3018
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kuziej ◽  
Walter Jeske ◽  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
Evangelos Litinas ◽  
Elizabeth McGeehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Earlier this year, heparin was found to be contaminated with a non-heparin sulfated polymer identified as oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). The presence of this contaminant was associated with severe adverse reactions such as hypotension and anaphylaxis, leading to death in some patients. Some batches of a widely used low-molecular heparin, enoxaparin, also contained OSCS. However, the amount of this contaminant was much lower (less than 5%) in the low-molecular weight heparin batches compared to unfractionated heparin where the amount of the contaminant was up to 30%. Owing to the sizeable number of syringes in Europe that contained the low level of OSCS and the absence of any serious adverse events, the European Medicines Equivalence Agency (EMEA) allowed the qualified use of the subcutaneous administration of the contaminated enoxaparin to ensure access to this essential medication. Despite this, no studies on the anti-thrombotic and bleeding effects or basic physiologic parameters have been reported. To address the bioequivalence of enoxaparin and its contaminated version, studies were undertaken in established animal models of bleeding and thrombosis. Materials & Methods: Contaminant-free enoxaparin (CFE) and one of the commercially available contaminated enoxaparin (CCE) batches were compared at an equivalent subcutaneous dosage of 2.5 mg/kg in a jugular vein clamping model of thrombosis (n=6/group). A separate group comprised of saline control animals served as control. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements were made at 90 minutes after drug administration, followed by jugular vein clamping model at 120 minutes after drug administration. After the completion of the jugular vein clamping model, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for ex-vivo monitoring of anti-coagulant and anti-protease effects. Results: No differences in the blood pressure and heart rate were observed between the two groups. The anti-thrombotic effects of both the CCE and CFE were measured by jugular vein clamping model. In comparison to the saline treated group (3.5 ± 0.5 clampings), both the CCE and CFE treated animals required a significantly higher number of clampings to induce thrombosis (4.8 ± 0.7 and 5.0 ± 0.6, respectively; p = 0.001 vs. saline; p=0.658 CFE vs. CCE). The ex-vivo analysis of whole blood aPTT revealed a slight elevation in both of the enoxaparin-treated groups in comparison to saline control. (CFE: 36.8 ± 18.6 sec; CCE: 30.5 ± 10.9 sec vs. saline: 26.7 ± 3.9 sec). The anti-Xa effects in plasma were significantly higher with the CFE (84.4 ± 1.5% inhibition) compared to that observed with the CCE (80.5 ± 2.9 % inhibition; p=0.026) while the anti-IIa levels were comparable in the two groups (37.1 ± 22.0 and 30.6 ± 17.9 % inhibition). Ex-vivo analysis of plasma samples from the control group did not reveal any anti-protease or anti-coagulant activity. Discussion: These results demonstrate that small amounts of OSCS (less than 5%) in enoxaparin do not impact its anti-thrombotic effects when administered subcutaneously. Since OSCS exhibits only anti-IIa activity and does not have any anti-Xa effects, the observed anti-Xa activity of the CCE was less than that of CFE. Other plasmatic anti-coagulant and anti-protease activities were not altered by the presence of OSCS. Since OSCS is highly charged it is likely that upon subcutaneous administration it is not absorbed. This observation is supported by the fact that the anti-Xa and IIa ratios of the samples collected after jugular vein clamping are approximately equal. Thus, the anti-thrombotic and pharmacodynamic effects of the two versions of enoxaparin are identical. The impact of repeated administration of contaminated enoxaparins and long-term pharmacodynamic and immunogenic effects need to be further explored.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Gelen ◽  
Emin Sengül ◽  
Semin Gedikli ◽  
Sevda Gelen ◽  
Gözde Atila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Gastric Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes ulcers on the gastric mucosa as a result of its use. For this reason, many experimental studies have been performed to search for new agents in order to treat or prevent gastric ulcers. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms, and it has been stated by various studies that these bacteria have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effect of various types of probiotic bacteria against acute gastric mucosal damage caused by indomethacin. Our research used 40 female Wistar albino rats that were divided into four groups, with 10 in each group: Control group - Physiological saline was administered daily for 10 days. Indo group - Physiological saline was administered daily for 10 days. On day 11, a single 100mg/kg dose of indomethacin was given. Ranitidine + Indo group - A ranitidine dose of 5mg/kg was administered daily for 5 days. On day 11, a single dose of 100mg/kg of indomethacin was given to the same group. Probiotic + Indo group - A dose of 1 ml/kg of oral probiotic bacteria was administered daily for 10 days. On day 11, a single 100mg/kg dose of indomethacin was given to the same group. After application, rats were killed in appropriate conditions, and stomach tissues were obtained. The obtained gastric tissues were used in the biochemical and histopathological analyzes discussed below. As a result, the administration of indomethacin caused gastric damage, stimulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, we found that the use of probiotic bacteria reduces oxidative stress (TOC), increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (TAC), suppresses inflammation (IL-6, IL-1β, Tnf-α, and COX-2) and inhibits apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2). This suggests that probiotic bacteria inhibit indomethacin-induced apoptosis. Probiotic treatment can mitigate gastric damage and apoptosis caused by indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats. Probiotic also enhances the restoration of biochemical oxidative enzymes as it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapaptotic properties.

Melatonin receptor type 2 gene rs10830963 polymorphism and heart rate parameters in men with different types of physical activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
S. N. Kolomeichuk ◽  
◽  
D. G. Gubin ◽  
N. Y. Prokopiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Different Types

Objective. The cardiovascular system demonstrates daily periodic changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Melatonin is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system by modulating sympathetic function and signaling pathways associated with nitric oxide (NO), as well as through interactions with its receptors. The aim of the study was to study the distribution of the allele frequency of the rs10830963 MTNR1B polymorphic marker gene in healthy donors, as well as to search for a relationship between variants of this gene and heart rate parameters in healthy donors with different types of exercise. Materials and methods. Study design – cross-sectional, non-randomized. The study included 80 healthy donors with various types of physical activity, as well as a control group made up of men leading a sedentary lifestyle. Venous blood samples from donors were used for DNA isolation. The polymorphism of the polymorphic marker rs10830963 of the MTNR1B type melatonin receptor gene was studied by PCR. Heart rate parameters were assessed using the Poly-Spectrum-8 / E software and hardware complex (Neurosoft, Russia) according to the generally accepted method. Results. Significantly low values of muscle mass in the control group are shown in comparison with donors of strength specialization. No associations were found between the polymorphic marker rs10830963 of the MTNR 1B gene and deviations from normal body weight and BMI, as well as parameters of heart rate variability in the studied donors. Conclusion. The rs10830963 polymorphic marker of the MTNR 1B gene is not associated with BMI and heart rate parameters of healthy donors. This sample of examined patients (less than 100 people) does not allow to reliably estimate the parameters of the heart rate in donors with a certain type of physical activity and carriage of a certain allele rs10830963 of the MTNR1B gene.

The Physioacoustic Method and the Creative Process

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Norlander ◽  
Charlotte Sandholm ◽  
Olle Anfelt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Group A ◽  
Entire Experiment

This study investigated the physioacoustic chair's, i.e., an application of low-frequency sound waves, possible psychological effects with respect to deductive thinking and creativity as well as its possible effect on heart rate. Subjects, 21 men and 21 women, were randomly assigned in equal numbers to three groups: a control group, a placebo group, i.e., a group who believed that they underwent a physioacoustic treatment program which they however did not undergo, and a physioacousdc treatment group. After manipulation, subjects were required to take three psychological tests (measuring fluency and originality, preconscious thinking, and deductive thinking) in random order. During the entire experiment, subjects' heart rates were registered every minute. Analysis showed no significant differences among the groups with respect to psychological effects or to heart rate. The results were interpreted to mean that the physioacousdc chair provides a form of relaxation which does not produce effects on the creative process.

scholarly journals Changes of Vital Parameters after Administration of Butorphanol during Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia for Joint Surgery in Miniature Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raušer ◽  
L. Lexmaulová ◽  
R. Srnec ◽  
J. Lorenzová ◽  
H. Kecová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Joint Surgery ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Vital Parameters

The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine (TKX) anaesthesia. A total of 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals - BUT (anaesthetized with TKX combination and butorphanol) and CON (control group - anaesthetized with TKX combination only). All pigs were sedated with a mix of tiletamin-zolazepam-ketamin-xylazin, put into total anaesthesia using propofol, and connected to an anaesthesiology unit (O2-Air). For 40 min we logged the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO2) and end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2) values. Ten minutes after connecting to the devices, the pigs in the BUT group were intravenously administered butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) in the total volume of 2 ml, or physiological saline in the same volume. The pigs in the BUT group had a lower (p < 0.05) HR in 5th, 10th and 25th min, and a lower RR in the 10th, 15th and 20th min. MAP, ETCO2 and SpO2 values did not differ substantially. Butorphanol can thus be identified as a suitable analgesic TKX supplement to anaesthesia of miniature pigs with minimum effect on vital functions.

scholarly journals Induction and advancement of ovulation in wild Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus arcticus) using D-Tle6,Pro9,NEt-mGnRHa Lecirelin

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
V. Švinger ◽  
T. Hansen ◽  
Y. Shadrin ◽  
T. Policar ◽  
J. Kouřil
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Short Time Window ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The effect of single and double injections of D-Tle<sup>6</sup>,Pro<sup>9</sup>,NEt-mGnRHa (Supergestran<sup>&reg;</sup>) on advancement and induction of ovulation in Arctic grayling was assessed. Sexually mature wild Arctic grayling females (most 2&ndash;4 years old) were caught in the Yenisey River at the beginning of May 2010. After a 4-day acclimatization, the females were randomly divided into four groups and intramuscularly injected as follows: group A, control group, treated with physiological saline only; group B, treated with a single injection (SI) of Supergestran<sup>&reg;</sup> at 25 &micro;g/kg body weight (BW); group C, injected twice (DI) with 25 &micro;g/kg BW 3 days apart; group D, injected twice with 10 &micro;g/kg BW 3 days apart. After stripping, the pseudo-gonadosomatic index was calculated, and an eggs sample from each female was fertilized. Only fish in the groups treated with DI protocols ovulated. No differences between the two groups were found in the timing of ovulation, ovulation rate, or mean time to ovulation. No females in either group A or B ovulated, since the experiment had to be prematurely terminated due to technical problems at the field hatchery. The DI of 10 &micro;g/kg proved sufficient to induce and advance ovulation in Arctic grayling. Hormone treatments seem to be a promising tool to obtain viable eggs of Arctic grayling in a short time window and thereby to ensure satisfactory numbers of fry for restocking programs.

scholarly journals L-alanyl-glutamine pretreatment attenuates acute inflammatory response in children submitted to palatoplasty

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ferreira da Cunha Filho ◽  
Isabelle Ivo Gonçalves ◽  
Sergio Botelho Guimarães ◽  
Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine Jamacaru ◽  
José Huygens Parente Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of L-alanyl-glutamine (L-Ala-Gln) pretreatment on oxidative stress, glycemic control and inflammatory response in children submitted to palatoplasty. METHODS: Thirty male children scheduled for routine palatoplasty, age range 2-10 years, were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=15): Group A (saline, control) and Group B (L-Ala-Gln). Group A received normal saline 100 ml, delivered intravenously by infusion pump over 3 hours preceding surgical procedure. Group B was treated with L-Ala-Gln, 20% solution (0.5g/Kg), adding saline to complete 100ml. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at 5 different time-points: T1- at the beginning of the study, 3 h prior to the surgical procedure; T2- at the end of the infusion (before the surgical procedure), T3- at the end of the surgical procedure, T4- 6 h postoperative and T5- 12 h postoperative. Parameters analyzed included glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between groups comparing glucose, insulin, TBARS, GSH and IL-6 levels. However, glucose levels increased (P <0.001) in T4 and T5 as compared to baseline (T1) in control group as opposed to L-Ala-Gln group. IL-6 increased in both groups during the postoperative period, indicating an increased inflammatory response. L-Ala-Gln pretreatment did not suppress the increase of IL-6, but reduced the increase of postoperative CRP levels (T5, p <0.01). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with L-Ala-Gln in children submitted to palatoplasty attenuates the inflammatory response in early post-operative period and promoted a better glycemic control.

scholarly journals Development and application of a respiratory device on blood pressure in adults with high blood pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat ◽  
Chusak Thanawattano ◽  
Sasipa Buranapuntalug ◽  
Khajonsak Pongpanit ◽  
Patcharin Saengkrut
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Pressure Cuff ◽  
Group A ◽  
Respiratory Training ◽  
And Control ◽  
Resting Period

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a prototype of a novel respiratory device that we validated and assessed clinically and examined the effect of prototype of respiratory device on blood pressure (BP). Methods Prototype of respiratory device (TU-Breath Training) was designed with pressure cuff and application software was created. The immediate effect of resisted breathing was determined in 20 adults with high BP (systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg). A crossover study was designed. A total of 20 eligible participants were asked to sit quietly for 10 min. Heart rate (HR), BP, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured and recorded. After the resting period, all participants were randomized and counterbalanced for undergoing the set of inspiratory muscle training by TU-Breath Training and control group. A set of respiratory training were composed of 10 times per set for three sets, while the control group was asked to sit for 10 min. Results After inspiratory training, both the systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly. Compared with control group, using TU-Breath Training decreased systolic BP (−7.00 ± 5.93 mmHg) and diastolic BP (−5.95 ± 8.88 mmHg), but did not show differences in HR and SpO2. Conclusion The study indicated that in high-BP participants, the prototype of respiratory device (TU-Breath Training) elicits decreased BP.

Effects of Oral Clonidine on Heart Rate Changes after Neostigmine-Atropine Administration 

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1510
Author(s):  
Tetsu Kimura ◽  
Makoto Tanaka ◽  
Toshiaki Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Oral Clonidine ◽  
Group A ◽  
To Receive

Background Clonidine reduces heart rate (HR) responses to atropine, whereas neostigmine causes bradycardia. This study was designed to determine whether clonidine premedication would reduce tachycardia after neostigmine-atropine administration. Methods Fifty adult patients without cardiovascular disorders who were scheduled for elective surgeries were randomly assigned to receive approximately 5 microg/kg (oral clonidine clonidine group, n=25) or no clonidine (control group, n=25) 90 min before induction of general anesthesia. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with N2O and 12% isoflurane in oxygen while patients were paralyzed with vecuronium and mechanically ventilated. When surgeries were completed, adequate spontaneous respiration, responses to verbal commands, and sustained tetanus by stimulating the ulnar nerve were confirmed, and patients' tracheas were extubated. Then a mixture of 0.05 mg/kg neostigmine and 0.02 mg/kg atropine was administered intravenously over 20 s under stable hemodynamic condition (systolic blood pressure and HR within +/-5% of preceding values), and blood pressure and HR were measured noninvasively at 1-min intervals for 10 min. Results Increases in HR in the clonidine group were significantly less 1-4 min after neostigmine--atropine injections compared with HR values in the control group. A maximum increase in HR of the clonidine group was also significantly less than the control group (15+/-7 vs. 23+/-10 beats/min; means+/-SD), whereas absolute values of mean blood pressure were similar. Severe bradycardia (HR &lt; 50 beats/min) developed in no patients in either group. Conclusions Premedication with 5 microg/kg oral clonidine attenuates the initial increases in HR without subsequent decreases in HR.

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