scholarly journals Herbarium BUNS: Plant gall collection

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Milica Rat ◽  
Goran Anackov
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Plant Gall ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Plant Galls

The plant gall collection is part of the Herbarium BUNS collection, University of Novi Sad. Collection began with the formation in 1976, and as a unique type of collection in Serbia, it has existed for 35 years. Today?s collection Herbarium cecidologicum is made of two units - Plant gall collection (dried specimens) and database, and includes 438 data: 294 data for dried specimens and 144 collected literature data about the distribution plant galls. Galls collection has multiple significances: assessment biodiversity (diversity of plants and diversity of causers), estimate the population status of certain causers taxa, primarily invertebrates, monitoring the spread of pests, which usually occurs in population of the cultivated species. Collecting data in one database, providing data on new plant gall species and distribution on both challengers as well as host plants is one of the main tasks of this collection.

scholarly journals A novel family of secreted insect proteins linked to plant gall development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Korgaonkar ◽  
Clair Han ◽  
Andrew L. Lemire ◽  
Igor Siwanowicz ◽  
Djawed Bennouna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Plant Gall

AbstractIn an elaborate form of inter-species exploitation, many insects hijack plant development to induce novel plant organs called galls that provide the insect with a source of nutrition and a temporary home. Galls result from dramatic reprogramming of plant cell biology driven by insect molecules, but the roles of specific insect molecules in gall development have not yet been determined. Here we study the aphid Hormaphis cornu, which makes distinctive “cone” galls on leaves of witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana. We found that derived genetic variants in the aphid gene determinant of gall color (dgc) are associated with strong downregulation of dgc transcription in aphid salivary glands, upregulation in galls of seven genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis, and deposition of two red anthocyanins in galls. We hypothesize that aphids inject DGC protein into galls, and that this results in differential expression of a small number of plant genes. Dgc is a member of a large, diverse family of novel predicted secreted proteins characterized by a pair of widely spaced cysteine-tyrosine-cysteine (CYC) residues, which we named BICYCLE proteins. Bicycle genes are most strongly expressed in the salivary glands specifically of galling aphid generations, suggesting that they may regulate many aspects of gall development. Bicycle genes have experienced unusually frequent diversifying selection, consistent with their potential role controlling gall development in a molecular arms race between aphids and their host plants.One Sentence SummaryAphid bicycle genes, which encode diverse secreted proteins, contribute to plant gall development.

scholarly journals LEAF-BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) OF THE PROTECTED AREAS OF VORONEZH CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Михаил Каданцев ◽  
Mihail Kadancev
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Indigenous Fauna

From April to August 2017 the study was conducted the aim of which was intended to identify representatives of phytophagous family Chrysomelidae using trophic purpose, vegetative parts of plants growing in field collections of introduced and cultivated species. To identify trophic relations of beetles with the potential host plants to find the potentially dangerous pests when introducing new plants into culture. Studies of leaf beetles in the territories of Botanical gardens, parks and squares of Voronezh identified 15 species of Coleoptera, using trophic purpose, vegetative parts of green space. Six species of beetles from among the following indigenous fauna were first observed on the leaves of introduced plants.

Holopothrips diversity—a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA F. LINDNER ◽  
AUGUSTO FERRARI ◽  
LAURENCE A. MOUND ◽  
ADRIANO CAVALLERI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Plant Galls

The genus Holopothrips represents the main Neotropical group of thrips associated with plant galls, and several of the 36 currently described species are known to induce or invade galls of other organisms. The existence of several Holopothrips specimens in collections that do not belong to any of the already described species, allied to the absence of basic biological information for several species, such as host plants and habit, shows that the current knowledge on the genus is severely lacking. Here we start addressing these problems, by describing 24 new species: H. acrioris, H. atlanticus, H. bicolor, H. brevicapitatum, H. cardosoi, H. curiosus, H. flavisetis, H. graziae, H. inconspicuus, H. infestans, H. irregularis, H. johanseni, H. kaminskii, H. longihamus, H. longisetus, H. magnus, H. maiae, H. nigrisetis, H. nigrum, H. punctatus, H. reticulatus, H. singularis, H. spermathecus, H. varicolor. This study also includes information on galls for several species; an updated and illustrated key to species; and comments on the morphological diversity of the group. With that, we hope to lay the taxonomic and morphological bases for future studies in this group, focusing on its diversity, ecology and phylogenetic relationships. 

scholarly journals The mechanism of plant gall induction by insects: revealing clues, facts, and consequences in a cross-kingdom complex interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gatjens-Boniche
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Induction Mechanism ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Plant Gall ◽  
Gall Induction ◽  
Plant Galls

Galls are defined as modifications of the normal developmental design of plants, produced by a specific reaction to the presence and activity of a foreign organism. Although different organisms have the ability to induce galls in plants, insect-induced galls are the most elaborate and diverse. Some hypotheses have been proposed to explain the induction mechanism of plant galls by insects. The most general hypothesis suggests that gall formation is triggered by the action of chemical substances secreted by the gall inducer, including plant growth regulators such as auxins, cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and other types of compounds. However, the mode of action of these chemical substances and the general mechanism by which the insect could control and manipulate plant development and physiology is still not known. Moreover, resulting from the complexity of the induction process and development of insect galls, the chemical hypothesis is very unlikely a complete explanation of the mechanism of induction and morphogenesis of these structures. Previous and new highlights of insect gall systems with emphasis on the induction process were analyzed on the basis of the author’s integrated point of view to propose a different perspective of gall induction, which is provided in this article. Due to the extraordinary diversity of shapes, colors, and complex structures present in insect galls, they are useful models for studying how form and structure are determined at the molecular level in plant systems. Furthermore, plant galls constitute an important source of material for the study and exploration of new chemical substances of interest to humans, due to their physiological and adaptive characteristics. Considering the finely tuned control of morphogenesis, structural complexity, and biochemical regulation of plant galls induced by insects, it is proposed that an induction mechanism mediated by the insertion of exogenous genetic elements into the genome of plant gall cells could be involved in the formation of this kind of structure through an endosymbiotic bacterium.

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies. VIII.—The Carnation Fly, Hylemyia brunnescens (Zett.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Mary Miles
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
First Time

The Carnation Fly, Hylemyia brunnescens (Zett.), which attacks cultivated species of Dianthus, has been studied in detail because the account given by Bruneteau (1930) was incomplete and that given by Séguy (1932) of two flies (H. brunnescens and H. cardui (Mg.)) on carnations was also incomplete and the identities of the stages studied were not fully established. For the first time, the development of H. brunnescens from egg to adult has been completed under observation and bred adults have been maintained in captivity until eggs were laid. The eggs, larvae and adults are described.Eggs were laid in autumn. Oviposition began in the field on 7th September 1954 and on 12th September 1955 and eggs were present until early November. The behaviour of flies in captivity confirmed that eggs were laid only in autumn.The larvae mined in the leaves and shoots. Early larvae finished feeding in November and entered the soil. Late larvae remained on the plants and fed intermittently through January and February, whenever the temperature was suitable. Mature and immature larvae on the plants survived exposure to severe frosts. Hibernation took place in the larval stage in the soil or in the feeding sites. Pupation occurred from mid-March to mid-April and the pupal stage lasted about eight weeks.The emergence period for 122 flies was 4th–20th June 1955 with a peak period from 6th–12th June; other observed emergence periods were 30th May–4th June (1950), 2nd–9th June (1953) and 16th–26th May (1954). Captive flies lived from two to four months. They were active during the summer but they did not reach sexual maturity and begin to lay eggs until late August. There is thus only one generation a year and the slow development to sexual maturity ensures that the larval period occurs in autumn when the foliage of the host-plants is freshest and most abundant.

scholarly journals Plant galls recorded from Guanacaste Conservation Area-Costa Rica as an integrated concept of a biological database

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gätjens-Boniche ◽  
Marylin Sánchez-Valverde ◽  
Carla Trejos-Araya ◽  
Roberto Espinoza-Obando ◽  
Adrián A. Pinto-Tomás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Biological Database ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Plant Gall ◽  
Integrated Concept ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Plant Galls

Abstract: Galling insects are specialist herbivorous that have the ability of manipulating plant tissue to form complex biological structures called galls. Even though different organisms have the ability to induce galls in plants, insect galls have the highest degree of structural complexity. The main goal of this study was to obtain a preliminary systematic record of plant gall morphotypes from the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica and integrate the information into a biological database. Plant gall morphotypes were recorded, characterized and deposited into a specialized herbarium established as a reference for the inventory. Moreover, organisms associated with gall morphotypes were included in the inventory when it was possible to obtain and identify them. Galls were collected in the rainy season over a period of three years. In total, we recorded forty-four families, seventy genera, and eighty-seven host plant species. One hundred thirty-one morphotypes of plant galls were identified in the Guanacaste Conservation Area. The family with the highest number of gall morphotypes was Fabaceae (8.4%). Leaves were the organ with the largest number of galls (71%), followed by stems (17.6%), and apical buds (6.9%). The predominant gall shape was globular (25.2%), followed by discoid (18.3%). Fifty-nine percent of the galls had a glabrous texture, which was most common on leaves, with 77%. One hundred twenty of our field records (91.6%) of plant galls were new morphotypes not only for Costa Rica but also the world. As a consequence of this research and considering the prospect of future increases in new gall records (and associated organisms), we proposed having the biological entities resulting from the inventory placed in a cecidiarium. This repository represents a standardized and comprehensive way to manage the data and biological materials associated with the plant galls. We also suggest a nomenclature for standardizing gall morphotype registries and identifications. This work is the first and most detailed inventory of plant galls carried out thus far in the Guanacaste Conservation Area.

Infrageneric chemosystematics of some cultivated species ofIxora L.

1989 ◽  
Vol 100 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 603-605
Author(s):  
K. Kiran Mai ◽  
M. Radhakrishnaiah ◽  
L. L. Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Species

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document