scholarly journals Physicians in Srem in XVIII and XIX century: Distinguished botanists

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Jovan Maksimovic ◽  
Marko Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Interesting Area

It was necessary for the first physicians to have the knowledge of plants, because phytotherapy was an integral part of medicine from the very beginning. For this reason, botany was a significant part of the curriculum at medical faculties in the XVIII and XIX century. Some professors at these faculties were known in international scientific circles as prominent botanists (P?l Kitaibel, August Kanitz, Giovanni Scopoli, Carl von Linn?, etc.). After the liberation from the Turkish rule, flora was insufficiently explored in the territory of today?s Vojvodina, which made it an interesting area for botanical studies undertaken by science professors from the universities in Vienna, Pest, and Cluj. A significant contribution to their scientific work was given by researchers from Srem, who in addition to their medical and pharmaceutical work practiced also botany. Some of them had their results published in publications and some became members of the European scientific natural history societies (Andreas Budai, Georgius Streim, Bartholom?us Emmanuel Godra, Mathias Kirchbaum, and Andreas Wolny).

scholarly journals Precious framing of the bestowed royal figures during the time of Peter the Great

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Iuliia Igorevna Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Western European ◽  
Xix Century

The goal of this research is the comprehensive examination of precious framing of the bestowed royal figures in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great. The author explores the circumstances of emergence of such awards in Russia and creation of precious frames of this time, possible “prototypes” of the diamond frame pattern that are similar to Western European awards, the masters who design these frames, etc. The article is based on the combination of art criticism and historical-cultural approaches. The object of this research was the award badges – royal figures of the first quarter of the XVIII century (enamel and graphic miniature portraits of Peter the Great, as well as minted medals). The research employs the written (unpublished archival documents) and visual sources (portraits of the grandees of the Petrine period with such awards; images of the royal figures on lithographs of the mid XIX century). It is established that precious frames of the bestowed royal figures of the first quarter of the XVIII century had the same pattern. Most likely, in design of the framing of award badges in Russia, the masters relied on the appearance of the royal figures brought by Peter I from England and Holland after the Great Embassy. These Western examples, in turn, had the “design” characteristic to similar royal awards of the XVII century. The article list the names of the jewelers who manufactured diamond frames of the bestowed royal figures in Russia of that time. These are the "foreigners" J. Westfahl, K. Boldan, I. Jasper. A significant part of such frames (over a hundred) was created by J. Westfahl. The design of precious frame for the royal figures of the Petrine period remained in similar awards of the Russian rulers and in XVIII – XIX centuries.

scholarly journals I. H. Verkhratskyi (1846–1919): at the origins of Ukrainian natural science

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Vaniuha ◽  
Yaroslava Toporivska ◽  
Oksana Hysa ◽  
Iryna Zharkova ◽  
Mykola Bazhanov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Points Of View

Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi (in some other sources – Verkhratsky). He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. The scientist also wrote poetry and translated from foreign languages. The article covers the life and scientific and pedagogical activities of I. H. Verkhratskyi – one of the founders of Ukrainian natural science, who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian natural terminology and nomenclature, the author of the first textbooks on botany, zoology, mineralogy. The authors believe that I. H. Verkhratskyi can be considered one of the founders of Ukrainian scientific terminology in Natural Science, and today his works in this area remain relevant. These works are also valuable from the historical and cognitive points of view as one of the sources for studying the process of formation of the Ukrainian literary language and scientific and natural terminology. I. H. Verkhratskyi devoted himself to the establishment of the Ukrainian literary language, its scientific and journalistic backgrounds, and made a significant contribution to lexicography, dialectology, and schooling. Based on the scientific publications and memoirs of his colleagues and students, the authors have recreated the main stages of his biography and considered his professional career. His activity in the field of formation of natural science terminology have been considered in detail. Dialectological materials of the scientist and researcher I. H. Verkhratskyi are still actively used to study the Galician and Transcarpathian dialects. His achievements as a scientist, teacher and popularizer of science has been summarized.

scholarly journals Medieval Bulgaria in the Context of Political Imagology

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-537
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Vashcheva ◽  
Dmitry A. Koryakov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Scientific Level ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Scientific Dialogue ◽  
Long Term Studies

The article is a review of the book written by the famous Bulgarian medievalist P. Angelov. The work under review is a collection of articles published in different years and divided into four thematic blocks: Serbian-Bulgarian relations, medieval Bulgarian diplomacy, Bulgarians as seen by their neighbours, and other nations as seen by the medieval Bulgarians. The authors of this review think highly of the book. A significant part of its articles was published in the last five years, but even the earlier articles have still not lost their relevance. The long-term studies of P. Angelov recreate a fairly clear and bright picture of military and diplomatic contacts of Bulgaria and Serbia, Bulgaria and Byzantium, Bulgaria and other countries of the region in a rather broad historical perspective. Some of the debatable assumptions made by the author do not in the least detract from the significance of the work, but, on the contrary, contribute to a constructive scientific dialogue. In general, the new collection of works by P. Angelov, without a doubt, is scientifically relevant, makes a significant contribution to important fields of study, meets the modern international standards of scientific level and will certainly be in demand in the Russian and European scientific community.

Essays on the history of Russian journalism in the first third of the XIX century

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Printed Sources

In collective scientific work the causes and dynamics of complex and contradictory processes of formation of Russian journalism in the first third of the XIX century are analyzed and the relationship of Russian journalism and literature of this period is studied on the basis of the analysis of publicistic texts of writers in periodicals and rare printed sources. The team of authors also sought to theoretically comprehend and practically study journalism as a special field of literature, to develop new conceptual foundations for analyzing the complex and multi-level interaction of journalism and other types and genres of Russian literature.

scholarly journals Gregor J. Mendel – genetics founding father

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schwarzbach ◽  
P. Smýkal ◽  
O. Dostál ◽  
M. Jarkovská ◽  
S. Valová
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Physical Scientist ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Standing Question

Mendel’s impact on science is overwhelming. Although based on the number of scientific papers he published he might be considered a meteorologist, his most significant contribution is his study of plant hybrids. This single work puts Mendel on a par with Darwin’s evolutionary theory and establishes him firmly in the frame of today’s biology. The aim of this article is to introduce the personality of Gregor Johann Mendel, focussing not just on his scientific work, but also on his background and what or who influenced him. To understand Mendel’s use of quantification and mathematical analysis of obtained results, representing a radical departure from methods of his predecessors, it is important to know something about their arguments, beliefs, and practices. He designed his experiments to answer a long standing question of hybridization, not inheritance as we perceive it today, since the science of genetics was born considerably later. He studied many genera of plants, but his famous research was on garden peas. To choose a single species for his crosses was fundamental to his success, but also fuelled most of criticism at the time he presented his results. The reason for his success was partly due to being a hybrid himself: of a biological scientist, a physical scientist and a mathematician. Mendel’s other fields of interest such as meteorology and bee keeping are also introduced in this article.

scholarly journals Przyrodnicze kolekcje naukowe Akademii Pomorskiej w Słupsku

Kosmos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Oleg Aleksandrowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Sobisz ◽  
Mariola Truchan ◽  
Konrad Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Botanical Collection ◽  
Lower Silesia

Pomeranian University in Słupsk hosts two significant natural history collections, i.e. the Herbarium Slupensis (SLTC) botanical collection and the zoological collection, which contains mainly the arthropods. In the Herbarium both the historical and contemporary material is stored, including fungi, lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants that were collected mainly in the Polish Pomerania. The zoological collection contains predominantly the specimens of beetles and spiders, originating from Belarus and Poland (from Pomerania, but also from Masuria and Lower Silesia). In the two collections there are representatives of very valuable species. Both the Herbarium and the zoological collection are presently being digitised, supplemented with new specimens and developed. They present a significant contribution to knowledge on diversity of fauna and flora in the region and in Poland.

scholarly journals BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN BERDIANSK COUNTY OF TAURIDA GOVERNORATE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХІХ CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Zolotar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Local Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Very High

The purpose of the article is to cover the local range of problems of bridge construction in Berdiansk county of Taurida Governorate in the second half of the XIX century. The article analyses mechanisms of emergence of infrastructure facilities in Ukraine which was under Russian rule. Moreover, the article reveals prioritization of infrastructure facility emergence in a certain locality, the construction process itself and difficulties in implementation of projects, cost estimation, technical characteristics. In addition, the article investigates the role of zemstvo in development of transport system infrastructure and its influence on county development.  It was found out that bridges were facilities of vital importance for a locality: possibility of conducting trading operations, receiving correspondence, rural-urban communication, but on the technological side bridge construction still wasn't at a very high level. Investigation analysis showed significant contribution of zemstvo into development of transport infrastructure, although counter-reforms slowed down the pace of development of communication routes of the county.

Emin Pasha's butterflies – a case for Casati?

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILLIP R. ACKERY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Significant Contribution

ABSTRACT: Although now little-remembered, the nineteenth century administrator and philanthropist, Emin Pasha (olim Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer), was a much respected figure, not least in natural history circles where he attained some standing as a collector, primarily of birds, mammals and insects. His collections are well documented. However, evidence from his butterflies suggests that some specimens were not actually collected by him. Instead, there was a significant contribution from the Italian explorer Gaetano Casati, whose role does not appear to be recognised by Emin Pasha's contemporaries.

scholarly journals Attending to insects: Francis Willughby and John Ray

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Real Character ◽  
John Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insect Classification ◽  
Francis Willughby ◽  
Deep Interest

Francis Willughby and John Ray were at the forefront of the natural history of insects in the second half of the seventeenth century. Willughby in particular had a deep interest in insects' metamorphosis, behaviour and diversity, an interest that he passed on to his friend and mentor Ray. By examining Willughby's contributions to John Wilkins's Essay towards a Real Character (1668) and Ray's Methodus insectorum (1705) and Historia insectorum (1710), which contained substantial material from Willughby's manuscript history of insects, one may reconstruct how the two naturalists studied insects, their innovative use of metamorphosis in insect classification, and the sheer diversity of insect forms that they described on the basis of their own collections and those of London and Oxford virtuosi. Imperfect as it was, Historia insectorum was recognized by contemporaries as a significant contribution to the emerging field of entomology.

scholarly journals Zarudny Sergiy Ivanovych (1821-1887) - Ukrainian and Russian lawyer, statesman of the Russian Empire

10.33287/1194 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
І. С. Міронова
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the way of life of a famous statesman of the Russian Empire, a Ukrainian of descent, a lawyer, one of the main founders of the court reform and a leader of peasant reforms of the second half of the XIX century, an interpreter, secret counselor Serhiy Ivanovych Zarudnyy. His origin, pedigree, civil service in the Ministry of Justice, in the State Chancellery, in the State Council, as a senator was studied. Attention was paid to his work in the commissions for the preparation of judicial reform, the development of the «Basic Provisions for the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia» and the Judicial Statutes, which were approved in 1864. His role was proved in the creation of the world justice system, in the introduction of jury and the institute of attorneys in the Russian judicial system, in approving the principles of publicity, immediacy, and adversarial proceedings. Considerable attention is focused on the role of the statesman in the development of reform projects on the elimination of serfdom 1861. A special place is dedicated to the scientific work of S. Zarudnyy, in particular to his monographs, articles, a collection of materials on judicial reform entitled «The Case Зарудний of the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia», organized in 74 volumes. It was noted that for his juridical and scientific work, contemporaries and biographers of S. Zarudnyy called him «the luminary of our judicial world», «leading figure of judicial reform», «father» and «soul» of the case of concluding judicial charters. The article substantiates the conclusion that S. Zarudnyy laid down the democratic principles of the judicial system and legal proceedings in the Russian Empire with his activities.

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