scholarly journals Gregor J. Mendel – genetics founding father

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schwarzbach ◽  
P. Smýkal ◽  
O. Dostál ◽  
M. Jarkovská ◽  
S. Valová
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Physical Scientist ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Standing Question

Mendel’s impact on science is overwhelming. Although based on the number of scientific papers he published he might be considered a meteorologist, his most significant contribution is his study of plant hybrids. This single work puts Mendel on a par with Darwin’s evolutionary theory and establishes him firmly in the frame of today’s biology. The aim of this article is to introduce the personality of Gregor Johann Mendel, focussing not just on his scientific work, but also on his background and what or who influenced him. To understand Mendel’s use of quantification and mathematical analysis of obtained results, representing a radical departure from methods of his predecessors, it is important to know something about their arguments, beliefs, and practices. He designed his experiments to answer a long standing question of hybridization, not inheritance as we perceive it today, since the science of genetics was born considerably later. He studied many genera of plants, but his famous research was on garden peas. To choose a single species for his crosses was fundamental to his success, but also fuelled most of criticism at the time he presented his results. The reason for his success was partly due to being a hybrid himself: of a biological scientist, a physical scientist and a mathematician. Mendel’s other fields of interest such as meteorology and bee keeping are also introduced in this article.

Why We Disagree About Human Nature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Biological Anthropology ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Nature Play

Is human nature something that the natural and social sciences aim to describe, or is it a pernicious fiction? What role, if any, does ‘human nature’ play in directing and informing scientific work? Can we talk about human nature without invoking—either implicitly or explicitly—a contrast with human culture? It might be tempting to think that the respectability of ‘human nature’ is an issue that divides natural and social scientists along disciplinary boundaries, but the truth is more complex. The contributors to this collection take very different stances with regard to the idea of human nature. They come from the fields of psychology, the philosophy of science, social and biological anthropology, evolutionary theory, and the study of animal cognition. Some of them are ‘human nature’ enthusiasts, some are sceptics, and some say that human nature is a concept with many faces, each of which plays a role in its own investigative niche. Some want to eliminate the notion altogether, some think it unproblematic, others want to retain it with reforming modifications. Some say that human nature is a target for investigation that the human sciences cannot do without, others argue that the term does far more harm than good. The diverse perspectives articulated in this book help to explain why we disagree about human nature, and what, if anything, might resolve that disagreement.

A tribute to Johann Gottlieb Burckhardt-Heussler (1836–1907), the pioneer of psychosurgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S553-S553 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arts ◽  
P. Michielsen ◽  
S. Petrykiv ◽  
L. de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Chronic Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Deep Brain

IntroductionJohann Gottlieb Burckhardt-Heussler was a Swiss psychiatrist, who pioneered controversial psychosurgical procedures. Burckhardt-Heussler extirpated various brain regions from six chronic psychiatric patients under his care. By removing cortical tissue he aimed to relieve the patients of symptoms, including agitation, rather than effect a cure.ObjectivesTo present the scientific papers of Johann Gottlieb Burckhardt-Heussler on psychosurgery.AimsTo review available literature and to show evidence that Burckhardt-Heussler made a significant contribution to the development of psychosurgery.MethodsA biography and private papers are presented and discussed, followed by a literature review.ResultsThe theoretical basis of Burckhardt-Heussler's psychosurgical procedure was influenced by the zeitgeist and based on his belief that psychiatric illnesses were the result of specific brain lesions. His findings were ignored by scientists to make them disappear into the mists of time, while the details of his experiments became murky. Decades later, it was the American neurologist Walter Freeman II, performing prefrontal lobotomies since 1936, who found it inconceivable that the medical community had forgotten Burckhardt-Heussler and who conceded that he was familiar with, and probably even influenced by, Burckhardt's work.ConclusionIt is partly thanks to Burckhardt-Heussler's pioneering work that modern psychosurgery has gradually evolved from irreversible ablation to reversible stimulation techniques, including deep brain stimulation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALITAS GURU MELALUI KARYA TULIS ILMIAH DAN KARYA TULIS POPULER BAGI KELOMPOK KERJA GURU KELAS GUGUS JOKO TINGKIR KOTA SALATIGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Joko Sulianto ◽  
Muryantobroto Muryantobroto ◽  
Mei Fita Asri Untari ◽  
M. Arief Budiman ◽  
M. Yusuf Setia Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Peace Education ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
International Media ◽  
National Journal ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Political Security ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Kelompok Kerja Guru Kelas (KKG kelas) gugus Jokotingkir merupakan wadah bagi guru-guru di Kota Salatiga yang mempunyai permasalahan berupa kurangnya pengetahuan tentang penulisan karya ilmiah dan karya populer. Para guru masih kesulitan menuangkan ide idenya maupun pengalamanya saat kegiatan belajar mengajar dalam bahasa tulis. Padahal dalam pembelajaran pastinya setiap guru pasti menemukan sebuah masalah sekaligus menemukan cara memecahkan permasalahan tersebut yang bisa dijadikan sebuah karya tulis baik ilmiah maupun populer. Permasalahan berikutnya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tentang cara publikasi ke mediamasa dan penyedia journal nasional maupun internasional. Melaui kegiatan PKM ini, tim Pengabdi UPGRIS akan memberikan workshop tentang penulisan karya ilmiah dan karya populer sekaligus pendampingan dalam sudmit ke jornal nasional dan media masa. Luaran kegiatan PKM ini meliputi a) artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan melalui Jurnal ber ISSN atau prosiding dari seminar nasional; b) publikasi pada media masa cetak/online/repocitory PT; c) peningkatan daya saing (peningkatan kualitas, kuantitas, serta nilai tambah barang, jasa, diversifikasi produk, atau sumber daya lainnya sesuai dengan jenis kegiatan yang diusulkan); d) peningkatan penerapan iptek di masyarakat (mekanisasi, IT, dan manajemen) e) perbaikan tata nilai masyarakat (seni budaya, sosial, politik, keamanan, ketentraman, pendidikan, kesehatan).Kata kunci: KKG Kelas, Gugus Jokotingkir, Karya Ilmiah.AbstractThe Class Teacher Working Group (KKG class) Jokotingkir group is a place for teachers in Salatiga City who have problems in the form of lack of knowledge about writing scientific papers and popular works. The teachers are still having trouble expressing their ideas and experiences when teaching and learning activities in written language. In fact, in learning, certainly every teacher must find a problem and find a way to solve the problem that can be used as a scientific and popular writing. The next problem is the lack of knowledge about how to publish to national and international media and journal providers. Through this PKM activity, the UPGRIS Service Team will provide workshops on the writing of scientific works and popular works as well as assistance in submission to the national journal and mass media. Outcomes of PKM activities include a) scientific articles published through ISSN journals or proceedings from national seminars; b) publication in mass media / online / PT repository; c) increasing competitiveness (increasing the quality, quantity and value added of goods, services, diversifying products, or other resources according to the type of activity proposed); d) improvement in the application of science and technology in society (mechanization, IT, and management) e) improvement of community values (cultural, social, political, security, peace, education, health).Keywords: Class KKG, Jokotingkir Cluster, Scientific Work.

scholarly journals I. H. Verkhratskyi (1846–1919): at the origins of Ukrainian natural science

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Vaniuha ◽  
Yaroslava Toporivska ◽  
Oksana Hysa ◽  
Iryna Zharkova ◽  
Mykola Bazhanov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Points Of View

Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi (in some other sources – Verkhratsky). He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. The scientist also wrote poetry and translated from foreign languages. The article covers the life and scientific and pedagogical activities of I. H. Verkhratskyi – one of the founders of Ukrainian natural science, who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian natural terminology and nomenclature, the author of the first textbooks on botany, zoology, mineralogy. The authors believe that I. H. Verkhratskyi can be considered one of the founders of Ukrainian scientific terminology in Natural Science, and today his works in this area remain relevant. These works are also valuable from the historical and cognitive points of view as one of the sources for studying the process of formation of the Ukrainian literary language and scientific and natural terminology. I. H. Verkhratskyi devoted himself to the establishment of the Ukrainian literary language, its scientific and journalistic backgrounds, and made a significant contribution to lexicography, dialectology, and schooling. Based on the scientific publications and memoirs of his colleagues and students, the authors have recreated the main stages of his biography and considered his professional career. His activity in the field of formation of natural science terminology have been considered in detail. Dialectological materials of the scientist and researcher I. H. Verkhratskyi are still actively used to study the Galician and Transcarpathian dialects. His achievements as a scientist, teacher and popularizer of science has been summarized.

scholarly journals KLASIFIKASI KESALAHAN DAN HAMBATAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHASA AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA FTK UIN MATARAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Sultan Sultan ◽  
Dwi Yulianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Word Selection ◽  
Writing Errors ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to (1) classify errors in the use of Indonesianlanguage which include the use of spelling and punctuation, word selection,sentence composition, paragraph preparation in the scientific work of FTKUIN Mataram students; (2) describe the obstacles and solutions for the useof Indonesian in writing scientific papers among students of UIN Mataram.This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that is supported by verbaldata writing. Data collection in research uses documentation and interviews.The documentation was taken from the fifth semester students’ scientificwork of the Arabic Language Education Department. The results showedthat the errors in the use of Indonesian language of FTK UIN Mataramstudents included 35% letter writing errors, 45% writing punctuation errors,25% word selection errors, and 20% sentence writing mistakes. The obstaclesin the use of Indonesian in the scientific work of students of the Faculty ofEngineering UIN Mataram are language barriers and non-language barriers.Language barriers in the form of not mastering Indonesian languagerules correctly, and non-linguistic barriers include lack of practice andhabituation, control of the results of writing scientific papers for studentsof the Faculty of Engineering UIN Mataram. The solution that can bedone is to get used to the use of Indonesian language based on languagerules, coaching by lecturers through mentoring writing scientific papers.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengklasifikasikan kesalahanpenggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang meliputi pengguanaan ejaan dan tandabaca, pemilihan kata, penyusunan kalimat, penyusunan paragraf dalamkarya ilmiah mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram; (2) mendeskripsikan hambatandan solusi penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam penulisan karya ilmiah dikalangan Mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang didukung dengan data verbal tulisan.Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan dokumentasi danwawancara. Dokumentasi diambil dari karya ilmiah mahasiswa semesterV Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakesalahan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram meliputi kesalahan penulisan huruf 35%, kesalahan penulisan tanda baca45%, kesalahan dalam pemilihan kata 25%, dan kesalahan dalam penyusunankalimat 20%. Adapun hambatan dalam penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalamkarya ilmiah mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram adalah hambatan kebahasaandan hambatan non-kebahasaan. Hambatan kebahasaan berupa kurangmenguasai kaidah bahasa Indonesia dengan benar, dan hambatan nonkebahasaanmeliputi kurangnya latihan dan pembiasaan, pengontrolanterhadap hasil menulis karya ilmiah bagi mahasiswa FTK UIN Mataram.Adapun solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pembiasaan penggunaanbahasa Indonesia berdasarkan kaidah kebahasaan, pembinaan oleh dosenmelalui pendampingan penulisan karya tulis ilmiah.

scholarly journals The evolution of cultural adaptations: Fijian food taboos protect against dangerous marine toxins

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1701) ◽  
pp. 3715-3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Natalie Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Food Taboos ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary

The application of evolutionary theory to understanding the origins of our species' capacities for social learning has generated key insights into cultural evolution. By focusing on how our psychology has evolved to adaptively extract beliefs and practices by observing others, theorists have hypothesized how social learning can, over generations, give rise to culturally evolved adaptations. While much field research documents the subtle ways in which culturally transmitted beliefs and practices adapt people to their local environments, and much experimental work reveals the predicted patterns of social learning, little research connects real-world adaptive cultural traits to the patterns of transmission predicted by these theories. Addressing this gap, we show how food taboos for pregnant and lactating women in Fiji selectively target the most toxic marine species, effectively reducing a woman's chances of fish poisoning by 30 per cent during pregnancy and 60 per cent during breastfeeding. We further analyse how these taboos are transmitted, showing support for cultural evolutionary models that combine familial transmission with selective learning from locally prestigious individuals. In addition, we explore how particular aspects of human cognitive processes increase the frequency of some non-adaptive taboos. This case demonstrates how evolutionary theory can be deployed to explain both adaptive and non-adaptive behavioural patterns.

The Effect of Various Strategies of Learning on Writing Skill of Scientific Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Abdullah Dola ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
Muhammad Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
State University ◽  
Class A ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Class B ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Test Population

The purpose of this research was to find the effect of various strategies of learning towards writing skill of scientific work. The study was conducted on students of Indonesian Language and Literature Faculty of Language and Literature, State University of Makassar. The type of research was experimental research. The population of the study was all students of the Department of Language and Literature Indonesia who were programmed course Scientific Writing academic year 2012/2013 which had 102 students. The number of students was distributed into three classes namely Class A total of 32 students, 34 students of class B, 36 students of class C. the Samples of the research were 36 students consisting of 18 students from class A as the first experimental class and 18 students of grade B as the second experimental class. The technique of data collection was an instrument. The instrument was a test description that was making papers. The data analysis technique was an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Before the data from this study was analyzed statistically, the data was tested by the requirements that included the test of normality and homogeneity test population. The result of the research showed that the samples of students who learned the techniques of cooperative used strategies Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)  got higher score significantly than the samples who learned by expository strategy toward the skills to write scientific papers.

scholarly journals Penerapan Manajemen Mutu Ekstrakurikuler Karya Ilmiah di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Taman Sidoarjo

MANAZHIM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
M. Nashiiruddin Addaa’i ◽  
Akhtim Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Academic Quality ◽  
Customer Involvement ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Planning Implementation

The success of extracurricular activities depends on quality or quality management or management processes. Therefore, this study aims to describe the application of quality management for extracurricular activities of teenage scientific papers including planning, implementation and evaluation activities in order to get customer satisfaction, be able to optimize aspects of everyone, carry out fact-based management and make continuous improvements. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research through observation, interviews and documentation. This research was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Taman, which one of the visions is excellent academic quality. The application of extracurricular quality management of youth science consists of planning activities including customer involvement in the selection of supervisors to planning work programs that can be carried out and always carrying out joint evaluations, implementing activities including the involvement of each student in scientific competitions at regional, national and international levels, as well as evaluation activities. through discussion and project improvement and more intensive coaching. The application is adjusted to the quality management principle of Edward Sallis known as total quality management, namely customer satisfaction, aspects of everyone, management based on facts and continuous improvement which results in increased extracurricular achievements of scientific work in scientific competitions that are followed. The conclusion of this study is the application of extracurricular quality management of youth science consisting of planning, implementation and evaluation activities on the basis of quality management in the form of customer satisfaction, aspects of everyone, fact-based management and continuous improvement.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI LAYANAN PENELUSURAN SUMBER-SUMBER INFORMASI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Dian Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
College Library

<p>Publication of scientific papers for lecturers and students is a demand that can not be avoided. In order to find information as an ingredient in the manufacture of scientific work, the necessary sources of quality information and reliable. The library, in this case the librarian must be responsive and observant in seeing user needs. One way that can be done by librarians in providing information relating to the publication of scientific works of faculty and students is by providing search services information sources. To be able to do it optimally, it needs the capability to master the sources of information, including how to use search facilities and information search strategy. Thus, the term college library as the heart really can be realized with the maximum.</p><p>Keywords: information search, librarians, scientific papers</p>

scholarly journals MOTIVASI MENULIS KARYA ILMIAH GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DI KOTA SALATIGA TAHUN 2014

ATTARBIYAH ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nur Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Elementary School Teacher ◽  
Science Writing ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Collection Methods

The study aimed (1) to find the motivation to write scientific papers Elementary School (MI) teacher in Salatiga (2) to know some enabling and inhibiting factors of motivation to write scientifc papers Elementary School teacher in Salatiga. Tis study focuses on the motivation to write scientifc papers Elementary School teacher in Salatiga. The subjects of the study was the teacher MIN Kecandran, MI Pulutan, MI and MI Blotongan Mangunsari. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. And to engineer data analysis is inductive analysis techniques. The results of his research fndings indicate that the motivation to write scientifc papers Elementary School teacher Salatiga is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. But in general, or in the majority of teachers’ motivation to write scientifc papers MI in Salatiga is extrinsic motivation, and a small portion of intrinsic motivation. And supporting factors of motivation to write scientifc papers teacher is curiosity about science writing scientifc papers and demands of institutions or agencies associated with the development of teaching skills. Medium obstacle or hindrance of writing scientific work of teachers is the lack of time to write, a lack of literature or reference, less insight about knowledge to write scientific papers, and the lack of facilities for writing scientific papers.Keywords : Teachers Motivation, write scientific papers, MI

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