scholarly journals Comments on the bilateral icon from Mytilini

2007 ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrtali Acheimastou-Potamianou
Keyword(s):  
14Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The representations on the well-known bilateral icon from Mytilini, Christ Pantokrator on the front and St John the Theologian on the back, were detached in 1960. from the damaged wood and are now two separate icons. The icon of Christ has been dated to the middle or third quarter of the 14th century or to 1370-1380, and that of the Theologian to the late 14th-early 15th century or the second quarter of the 15th century. The conclusion is reached that the two representations are contemporary, date from the third quarter of the 14th century, and are the work of the same painter. This view is based on shared technical and stylistic features and the interconnection of meaning between the figures depicted, which accounts for the difference of character in the way in which the two figures - the divine figure of Christ and the earthly figure of the saint - are rendered.

Ragam Qiraat Al-Qur'an

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fathoni
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The object of the study of the knowledge of the variety of the Quranic reading  is the  Qur'an itself. The focus is on the difference of the reading and its articulation. The method is based on the riwayat or narration which is originated from the Prophet (Rasulullah saw) and its use is to be one of the instruments to keep the originality of the Qur’an. The validity of the reading the Qur’an is to be judged based on the valid chain  (sanad ¡a¥ī¥)  in accord with the Rasm U£mānÄ« as well as with the  Arabic grammar. Whereas the qualification of its originality is divided into six stages as follow: the first is mutawātir, the second is masyhÅ«r, the third is āhād, the fourth is syaz, the fifth is maudū‘, and the six is mudraj. Of this six catagories, the readings which can be included in the catagory of mutawātir are Qiraat Sab‘ah (the seven readings) and Qiraat ‘Asyrah  (the ten readings). To study this knowledge of reading the Qur’an (ilmu qiraat), one is advised to know about special terms being used such as  qiraat  (readings), riwayat (narration), tarÄ«q (the way), wajh (aspect), mÄ«m jama‘, sukÅ«n mÄ«m jama‘ and many others.

Asset Impairment and Depreciation before the 15th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kuter ◽  
Marina Gurskaya ◽  
Angelina Andreenkova ◽  
Ripsime Bagdasaryan
Keyword(s):  
Original Form ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Asset Values ◽  
Asset Impairment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical Assets

ABSTRACT This paper investigates impairment and depreciation accounting in the 13th to 15th century. It finds that the first known instance of impairment accounting was in 1321, while for depreciation, it was 1399 not, as has previously been claimed, 1299. The study demonstrates the difference in approach at that time between the two forms of adjustment and shows that impairment was the original form of adjustment for reduction in asset values, a form that was applied in situations where physical assets had been lost, or deteriorated, or devalued over the reporting period. In contrast, depreciation was algorithmic, linked to a time-based straight-line depreciation charge equivalent to 10 percent per annum. These findings not only relocate recognition of the emergence of depreciation provisions to the end of the 14th century but, also, from France to Spain. However, in both cases, in Italian firms with Italian accountants.

scholarly journals The Pilgrims' Method in Proving Baath in Noble Systems between Al-Makki and Al-Mady is an Analytical Synagogue: أسلوب الحِجَاج في إثبات البعث في النظم الكريم بين المكي والمدني: دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ali Mohammad Al-Shahri
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rhetorical Value ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Way

This research is entitled "Pilgrims' Method in Proving Baath between Mekki and Medani" This study shows the way pilgrims practice in the noble systems, especially since this method is represented in most important issues that the regimes wanted to decide in souls, including the case of proving Baath, and the denial of the other day was of bad humiliation, so the pilgrims came to prove the other day in accordance with the intentions of Al-Maki and Al-Madni, and in accordance with the context of each Sura. The study was carried out within the framework of the analytical descriptive method, and the research dealt with a brief introduction of research, the researcher's approach, and the research problem, and the research was divided into six discussions: The first research explained the concept of pilgrims, and presented its rhetorical value, and the second study showed the difference between the Holy Quran and the third research that started on two verses of the Holy Qur'an in his argument to prove the Baath, and then showed how the fourth was discussed

scholarly journals Emotional reactions of the respondents compared to different ways of perceiving the square in front of the WICA building of the Lublin University of Technology

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Olga Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The article presents a description of the research method and the results of research regarding the difference in the reception of space depending on the way it is perceived. The research concerned one space (the square in front of the building of the Eastern Innovative Centre of Architecture at the Lublin University of Technology) and three different reception methods. One group of respondents was physically in the square, the other group virtually – with the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies, and the third one saw only pictures of the square. Each group of respondents chose the emotions with which they identified most from the semantic scale developed for this study. The results of the groups were compared, and the conclusions were presented in the summary. The study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using VR technology and photographs to study emotions that a given space evokes in its recipients.

Music, Poetry, and Lingua Franca in Medieval Iberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
Dwight F. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Royal Family ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Medieval Iberia ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
The Relationship

This essay examines three different points of cultural contact between Muslims and Christians in medieval Iberia as documented in three different bodies of texts. In each example, the use of a lingua franca results in the exchange of cultural ideas and the re-presentation of one group in the language of another. The first point of contact is in the court of Córdoba in the early 9th century as recorded in an Arabic biography of a musician, which has survived only as excerpted in a later encyclopedia compiled across the Mediterranean in Syria in the 14th century. The second point of contact takes place only a few decades later, also in Córdoba, and is documented in a Latin epistle composed by a Christian during a period of increasing tension between Muslims and Christians. The third point of contact occurs in Aragon and Catalonia in the late 14th and early 15th century, where ‘Moorish’ and Jewish musicians and dancers were regularly hired to perform at the courts of the royal family and other nobles, the evidence for which is found in financial records composed in Old Catalan. Each of these examples provides evidence of cultural contact that could significantly change our understanding of the relationship between cultural and linguistic groups in this period.

Συμβολή στη μελέτη των επιστολών του Νικηφόρου Γρηγορά

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Άννα Σκλαβενίτη
Keyword(s):  
Historical Evidence ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vita Activa ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
The Way

The present dissertation under the title «Contribution to the study of Nicephorus Gregoras’Letters» aims at analyzing the correspondence of a prominent scholar and scientist of thePalaeologean period. Nicephorus Gregoras, a charming and controversial person,corresponded with lots of literati, church dignitaries and state officials. Throughout thiscorrespondence, which incorporates 159 letters (according to the latest Leone’ s edition) , thereader can trace valuable historical evidence of the first half of 14th century, as well assignificant indications for the education and the sciences’ advancement in the same period.Moreover, the reader can discover, besides the rhetorical tradition and the multitude of ancienthistorical and literary exempla, the reasons which forced the philosopher Gregoras to give uphis ideal «vita contemplativa», for the agitation of the «vita activa», e.g. his involvement inthe Hesychastic controversy.Our dissertation consists of four chapters. In the first chapter a detailed biography of the writeris given, based on the epistolographical evidence as well as on his rivals’ accusations.Additionally, the numerous books published by Gregoras are cited, while several letterallusions to his scientifical, rhetorical and theological works are stated. The aim is to highlightthe fact that Gregoras used to share his projects with his addressees and furthermore his letters were often the motivation which formed the so- called «θέατρα σοφών» in Constantinople, aswell as in Thessaloniki.In the second chapter a summary of each letter is stated, emphasizing on the realia, renderedby its text. Except for the 159 letters that Gregoras wrote, we also summarized the 22 letters,in which he was the addressee, supplementing this way a project that Guilland had started, inhis own edition of Gregoras’ letters.In the third chapter we compiled the network of Gregoras’ correspondents. At this point,bibliography concerning these persons was used, but we particularly focused on the certaincircumstances, in which Gregoras started exchanging letters with them. We also tried to dateseveral letters, that provided us sufficient chronological evidence.In the fourth chapter we first traced the numerous epistolography motifs concerning thefriendship, the nature (animal and vegetation world), the sea, the music, the «φθόνος» and therole of «τύχη», which is dominant in his text. In addition, we showed the way Gregoras useshistorical personalities and situations, in order to compare them with some of his belovedaddressees, such as Alexios Philanthropenos, Ioannes Cantacuzenos and TheodorosMetochites. Finally, we summarized our conclusions concerning Gregoras’ favourite writers,e.g. Plato, Aelius Aristides, Aesopus etc.Having studied thoroughly the text of the letters, as well as the books and articles concerningour study, we came into conclusions concerning Gregoras’ relationship to the literati ofConstantinople and Thessaloniki. Furthermore, we traced important evidence about thefoundation of his διδασκαλείον, his students as well as his pedagogic beliefs. Finally, throughthis text, it is obvious that he was a well- educated and strong- minded man, thus he didn thesitate striving for his religious and scientific beliefs, even though it caused him so manyproblems, including his humiliating funeral.

scholarly journals Il Libro come Maestro: Sufismo e Storia della Lettura nel Medioevo Islamico

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 144-185
Author(s):  
Samuela Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Reading Practice ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Output

Between the end of the 8th/14th century and the beginning of the 9th/15th, the literate elites in Yemen and al-Andalus publicly debated the legitimacy and the educational function of Sufi books. In Yemen, where Ibn ʿArabī’s ‘school’ thrived, some jurists urged the ban of his books, while ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Jīlī and his associates extolled their educational virtue for Sufi novices. In al-Andalus, the debate focused on whether books could take the place of the master in Sufi education, an issue whose relevance was felt well beyond Sufi circles, prompting Ibn Ḫaldūn to join the discussion. These controversies, even though they were connected to specific local contexts, are significant in a general way because they offer evidence for the spread of private reading among Sufis in the later Middle Ages. To appreciate the historical importance of this, one should ask how far it is new and whether it is limited to Sufism. These two questions are addressed inthe first two parts of this article. The first part outlines key changes relating to Sufi literary output in the 12th and 13th centuries. In particular, it examines the tension between orality and writing within Sufism, and the ways in which the written transmission of mystical knowledge was controlled or repressed. The second part draws attention to shared paradigms of both esoteric and exoteric knowledge as the connection between private reading and innovation, and the preservation of oral symbolism in written transmission. Finally, the third part re-examines the 14th and 15th-century debates from the angle of the history of reading in medieval Sufism. The arguments exchanged in these debates bear witnesses to changes in reading practice linked to the shifting relationships between authority and knowledge in Islamic cultural history.

Géographie et cartographie fictionnelles dans l’Utopie (1516) de Thomas More

Moreana ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (Number 181- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9-68
Author(s):  
Jean Du Verger
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
The Third ◽  
Editio Princeps ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

The philosophical and political aspects of Utopia have often shadowed the geographical and cartographical dimension of More’s work. Thus, I will try to shed light on this aspect of the book in order to lay emphasis on the links fostered between knowledge and space during the Renaissance. I shall try to show how More’s opusculum aureum, which is fraught with cartographical references, reifies what Germain Marc’hadour terms a “fictional archipelago” (“The Catalan World Atlas” (c. 1375) by Abraham Cresques ; Zuane Pizzigano’s portolano chart (1423); Martin Benhaim’s globe (1492); Martin Waldseemüller’s Cosmographiae Introductio (1507); Claudius Ptolemy’s Geographia (1513) ; Benedetto Bordone’s Isolario (1528) ; Diogo Ribeiro’s world map (1529) ; the Grand Insulaire et Pilotage (c.1586) by André Thevet). I will, therefore, uncover the narrative strategies used by Thomas More in a text which lies on a complex network of geographical and cartographical references. Finally, I will examine the way in which the frontispiece of the editio princeps of 1516, as well as the frontispiece of the third edition published by Froben at Basle in 1518, clearly highlight the geographical and cartographical aspect of More’s narrative.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

Ragam Bangunan Perundang-Undangan Hukum Keluarga di Negera-Negara Muslim Modern: Kajian Tipologis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Miftahul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
The Difference

The reality of the difference in applying Islamic law in the context of marriage law legislation in modern Muslim countries is undeniable. Tunisia and Turkey, for example, have practiced Islamic law of liberal nuance. Unlike the case with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates that still use the application of Islamic law as it is in their fiqh books. In between these two currents many countries are trying to apply the law in their own countries by trying to bridge the urgent new needs and local wisdom. This is widely embraced by modern Muslim countries in general. This paper reviews typologically the heterogeneousness of family law legislation of modern Muslim countries while responding to modernization issues. Typical buildings seen from modern family law reforms can be classified into four types. The first type is progressive, pluralistic and extradoctrinal reform, such as in Turkey and Tunisia. The second type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, as in Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco, Algeria and Pakistan. The third type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, represented by Iraq. While the fourth type is progressive, unifiied and extradoctrinal reform, which can be represented by Somalia and Algeria.

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