The Present System of Local Government in Canada: Some Problems of Status, Area, Population, and Resources

1951 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Callard
Studia BAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (65) ◽  
pp. 171-201
Author(s):  
Jarosław Neneman ◽  
Sylwia Roszkowska

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, to re-energize discussion on local personal tax, and second, to show how such a tax could curb urban sprawl. The authors start with a short description of the communal tax and its potential links to urban sprawl. In the current system of communities’ financing in Poland, suburban municipalities have a significant incentive to increase the number of inhabitants as the PIT revenues follow their inflow. The authors propose and discuss a simple variant of local PIT called Self-government Tax Rate which is a flat tax on a broadly defined tax base. Contrary to the present system of Polish local government units’ share in progressive PIT, this system is linear, which reduces the gains in PIT revenues from taxpayers in the second tax bracket moving to suburbia. This is the first paper in the relevant literature that investigates the links between communal tax and urban sprawl.


1905 ◽  
Vol 51 (215) ◽  
pp. 681-710
Author(s):  
John Milsom Rhodes

“I Never saw anything like the English people,” remarked a foreign expert to me at an International Congress; “they have the best institutions for public assistance in the world, but they never have a word of praise for their own asylums: on the contrary, they are always criticising them.” My reply was: “Is it not because we are always criticising our institutions and trying to remedy their faults that they are the best in the world?” Our friends across the channel appear to be very much of the same opinion as the expert. They praise our asylums as being better and costing less than the French; specially do they praise the administration of them; the character of the attendants in our asylums as compared with their own comes in for warm commendation; even our lunacy law is—mirable dictu!—described as plus simple que chez nous. If it is, then the French lunacy law is decidedly complex; for it does appear to me monstrous that while under our present law we have only three medical inspectors for 100,000 patients under the care of the Lunacy Commissioners, we should have two for the care of less than 1000 Chancery patients, two thirds of whom are in asylums and therefore already under the care of the Lunacy Commissioners. The system is wrong, and in my opinion it is a mistake to place one class of cases suffering from mental disease under one authority, another class also suffering from mental disease under a second authority, and a third class of cases under the Local Government Board, for that is what our present system amounts to.


1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
C Okafor ◽  
EEO Chukwuemeka ◽  
JO Udenta

In the past five decades of political independence in Nigeria, local government administration has moved from the colonial styled Local administration characterized by peculiar systems to the federating units to the present unified and standardized system that constitutionally recognizes local government as the third tier of government. As the third tier of government, local governments are entitled to a statutory allocation of national revenue and the carrying out of specific functions in response to local needs. The objective of the problem statement of this article is to show that the present system whereby, the Constitution gives the State governments the power to handle issues of organization and responsibility in the local governments places a strong limitation on local autonomy and governance at the local level. The abuse of these provisions in the Constitution by the State governments coupled with other issues such as low level of commitment to the people and lack of monitoring and evaluation are negatively affecting grassroots socio-economic development in the Country. Local economic growth and development is an imperative for overall socio-economic development of the Country (the local population presently faces high incidence of poverty, unemployment, lack of social infrastructure and low economic activities). It is in this context that the article prescribes a developmental local government model which has local economic development (LED) as ‘the mandate’ to address the concerns of poverty, unemployment and inadequate resources in the rural areas. The LED approach enables local governments to stimulate economic activities and improve the socioeconomic conditions of people in the localities by working in partnership with private and other non-governmental sectors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Matthew O. Odighi ◽  
Adetokunbo M. John-Otumu ◽  
Ceindrick C. Egbon ◽  
Obi C. Nwokonkwo

This paper described the major challenges associated with existing methods of voting; hence a prototype online voting system was developed and proposed for credible election in Edo state with a mind set to trash out the various problems identified with the existing system. In order to determine if the prototype online voting system developed is of standard performance a fuzzy clustering means (FCM) was designed to evaluate and ascertain its performance based on certain criteria gathered using questionnaire designed. The FCM model was simulated and tested for evaluation taking into consideration stakeholders of election that were drawn from twelve (12) local government areas, out of the Eighteen (18) local government areas of Edo state. Opinions of stakeholders of the election concerning the wished-for model were arbitrarily sampled and analyzed for the use of assessment in particular when compared to the present system of selection. In addition, other factors that can promise an open and just election were also discussed and place into consideration throughout the implementation of the developed prototype online voting system. The result from the evaluation revealed that the seven (7) local government areas which formed about (58.33%) of the beyond least standard cluster and the five (5) local government areas, which also formed about (41.66%) of the regular standard cluster of the entire population of (12) local government areas were both above the average acceptable benchmark for elections, which is a key indicator that the developed prototype online voting software meets more than the standard for a credible election process and it is therefore proficient as a verdict announcer for a transparent electoral process when fully implemented and deployed for usage.


Author(s):  
Benedykt Opałka

After Poland’s accession to EU regional and local development as well as public administration actions for improvement of conditions of living were tied with the necessity to invest heavily, especially in infrastructure. Providing necessary funds meant combining funds from different sources, particularly from public resources and from the EU budget. In the present system of financing the tasks of local government, external income, transferred to the local government through national budget, is important part of development policy, even though it limits financial self-reliance of local government. Income transferred to gminas from national budget, especially the gminas’ share of personal income tax, still plays important part in their budgets. The amount of money transferred to gminas to co-finance with EU different projects and programs shows large spatial differences which influences the level of investments, especially in infrastructure.


2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Gudmund Valderhaug
Keyword(s):  

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