scholarly journals A DIURNAL ACTIVITY RHYTHM IN PLETHODON CINEREUS AND ITS MODIFICATION BY AN INFLUENCE HAVING A LUNAR FREQUENCY

1957 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES L. RALPH
Keyword(s):  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
Diurnal Activity

scholarly journals Species Composition and Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) at the Ivindo National Park and Its Environs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Village

An entomological prospection to show the species composition and diurnal activity of tabanids was carried out using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct and 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in the secondary forest [Ivindo National Park (INP)] and Village-Town sites in and around the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 839 tabanids were caught with 747 recorded at INP and regrouped under 11 species of the genus Tabanus [T. taeniola (57.76%),               T. ricardae (26.32%), T. par (5.54%), T. ruficrus (3.74%), T. socius (3.74%), T. disjunctus (2.49%), T. marmorosus (0.28%) and T. obscurehirtus (0.14%)]. However, two species of the genus Chrysops [C. dimidiatus (70.83%) and C. silaceus (29.17%)] and one species of the genus Haematopota [H. pluvialis (100%)] were only identified at INP. While in the Village-Town sites, 92 tabanids were caught and regrouped under five species of the genus Tabanus [T. ruficrus (14.13%), T. taeniola (9.78%), T. ricardae (73.91%), T. par (1.09%), and T. marmorosus (1.09%)]. Tabanids were more abundant in the forest (7.12 tabanid/trap/day) as compared to the Village-Town (0.77 t/t/d) with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At INP, tabanids showed a unimodal activity pattern with peak attained between 12-14H and in the anthropized milieu (14-16H) and dominated by females.

scholarly journals High Frequency and Activity of Glossina spp., Vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis along a Secondary Forest-Man Made Transect in Makokou (North East-Gabon)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zinga-Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Village

The abundance, species diversity and diurnal activity rhythm of hematophagous glossineswere evaluated by trapping using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct to 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in two habitats: secondary forest and Anthropised milieu, in the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 489 glossines were caught  with 245 collected from Village-Town site and regrouped under 4 species [G.p.palpalis (32.17%), G. frezili (36.23%), G. nashi (29.57%) and G. f. fuscipes (2.03%)] while 244 were collected from forest and regrouped under 3 species [G.p.palpalis (61.48%), G. nashi (28.69%) and G. frezili (0.84%)]. The abundance of glossines was higher in the Village-Town milieu (2.88 g/t/d) as compared to the forest (2.34 g/t/d) with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Glossines showed a unimodal diurnal activity rhythm with peak between 10h-12h in the two milieu and was dominated by females.

A Comparative-Study of Circadian Activity Patterns of 2 New Guinean Dasyurid Marsupials, Phascolosorex-Dorsalis and Antechinus-Habbema

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley ◽  
SA Raftopoulos ◽  
GJ Coleman ◽  
SM Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Circadian Pacemaker ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Five aspects of the circadian activity rhythm (wheel running, feeding, drinking, duration of time in, and visits to, the nest box) were studied for 129 days in two species of New Guinean dasyurid marsupials that co-exist in mid-montane semi-mossforest. When housed under controlled laboratory conditions, Phascolosorex dorsalis exhibited a diurnal activity pattern whereas Antechinus habbema was nocturnal. Manipulation of the feeding regimen and reversal of the 12: 12 light-dark cycle demonstrated that the diurnal activity of P. dorsalis was not due to synchronisation to food presentation but reflected the behavioural output from an endogenous circadian pacemaker. P. dorsalis appears to be unique among dasyurids in its diurnality. Results are interpreted in terms of the ecological niche being a division of time as well as space.

scholarly journals Apparent Densities of Stomoxys species (Diptera, Muscidae) of different Physiological Ages caught with Vavoua Trap differ With Landscape and trapping period

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevidzem S. Lendzele ◽  
Koumba A. Aubin ◽  
Zinga-Koumba C. Roland ◽  
Mintsa-Nguema Rodrigue ◽  
Jacques F. Mavoungou
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Density ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Documented Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

Stable flies (Stomoxys spp.) are common pests of livestock in the peri-urban rangelands of Vina Division of the Adamawa Plateau. No documented information is available on their diurnal dynamics in relation to physiological age and landscape. The main aim of this study was to determine the trap apparent density (ADT) of Stomoxys and associate it to their diurnal activity rhythm and landscape. Vavoua traps (n=12) were used for Stomoxys collection. Trapping was carried out for seven days i.e. three days consecutively in August and four days consecutively in October, 2016. Three traps were pitched in each of the three biotopes (river, cattle corral and gallery forest) of the four study sites (Galim, Mbidjoro, Velambai and Soukourwo). All female Stomoxys captured underwent ovarian dissection for the determination of their physiological ages (parous or nulliparous). A total of 218 Stomoxys were caught and identified into four species (S. niger niger, S. omega, S. calcitrans, and S. xanthomelas) with an overall ADT of 2.59 flies per trap per day and Stomoxys niger niger (1.13 s.n.n. per trap per day) recorded the highest ADT. Species richness was study site dependent. Higher catches of females 113 (51.83%) were made than that of their male 105 (48.17%) counterparts. Galim recorded the highest Stomoxys apparent density (4.90) as compared to other sites with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The proportion of parous 87 (59.30%) was higher than that of their nulliparous 46 (40.71%) counterparts. Parity differed with landscape and capture periods. S. n. niger was the most frequent in all biotopes and Galim recorded the highest ADT. The population of female flies was made up of adults (parous) with a bimodal diurnal activity rhythm whereas males had a unimodal activity rhythm. 

Lability and diversity of circadian rhythms of cotton rats Sigmodon hispidus

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. R338-R346 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Johnston ◽  
I. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Sigmodon Hispidus ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Activity Types ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Spontaneous Phase

Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were maintained from birth in constant LD 14:10 photoperiods and temperatures. Wheel running was diurnal for 6 of 13 juvenile rats and nocturnal for most others. Most diurnal rats eventually added nocturnal activity components. In constant darkness the activity rhythms of adult rats free-ran with a period of 23.2 +/- 0.3 h; in constant illumination the period was 24.7 +/- 0.1 h, in conformation to Aschoff's rule for nocturnal rodents. Some previously nocturnal adult rats eventually adopted stable diurnal activity cycles and other were successively nocturnal, diurnal for 6 mo, and then nocturnal again while maintained in the LD 14:10 photoperiod. The existence of multiple activity types, as well as the spontaneous inversions from nocturnal to diurnal status substantiate and extend field observations of this species. Seasonal inversions from nocturnal to diurnal activity, previously attributed to fluctuating environmental conditions, may also be subject to regulation by endogenous processes. It is suggested that spontaneous phase reversals in activity reflect changes in entrainment of circadian pacemakers by the light-dark cycle or altered relations between such pacemakers and the overt activity rhythm.

scholarly journals Rain reverses diel activity rhythms in an estuarine teleost

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20122363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Payne ◽  
Dylan E. van der Meulen ◽  
Ruan Gannon ◽  
Jayson M. Semmens ◽  
Iain M. Suthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Trade Offs

Activity rhythms are ubiquitous in nature, and generally synchronized with the day–night cycle. Several taxa have been shown to switch between nocturnal and diurnal activity in response to environmental variability, and these relatively uncommon switches provide a basis for greater understanding of the mechanisms and adaptive significance of circadian (approx. 24 h) rhythms. Plasticity of activity rhythms has been identified in association with a variety of factors, from changes in predation pressure to an altered nutritional or social status. Here, we report a switch in activity rhythm that is associated with rainfall. Outside periods of rain, the estuarine-associated teleost Acanthopagrus australis was most active and in shallower depths during the day, but this activity and depth pattern was reversed in the days following rain, with diurnality restored as estuarine conductivity and turbidity levels returned to pre-rain levels. Although representing the first example of a rain-induced reversal of activity rhythm in an aquatic animal of which we are aware, our results are consistent with established models on the trade-offs between predation risk and foraging efficiency.

scholarly journals Ecological Aspects of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) in a Gabonese Cattle Ranch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovono Mélodie Audrey Prisca ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Koumba Aubin Armel ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Cattle Ranch ◽  
Division 2

To embark on an anti-vectorial fight against mechanical vectors of animal trypanosomosis, investigations were undertaken in order to determine the abundance, species diversity and daily activity of tabanids in a cattle ranch in Gabon. The nzi and vavoua traps were used to catch tabanids in three divisions of this ranch. In this study, 616 tabanids were captured: 349 (56.66%) in Division 1, 226 (36.69%) in Division 2 and 41 (6.66%) in Division 3. In the first Division, T. taeniola was the most abundant species with an Apparent Density (ADT) of 2.2, followed by H. pluvialis (ADT = 1.05). In the second Division, H. pluvialis was most abundant with ADT of 1.6, followed by T. taeniola (ADT = 0.38). In the last Division, the most abundant species was H. pluvialis (ADT = 0.15). Comparing the relative abundance of catches with sites (Divisions), we realized that there was no statistically significant difference in catches with trapping sites. It was noticed that Division 3 recorded the highest diversity index values. We realized that the nzi trap recorded higher tabanid catches than the vavoua trap. The diurnal activity rhythm of the most frequent species encountered slightly differed with prospection sites.

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