On the Viability of Small Countries

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kirby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Small Countries

The argument advanced by Bordaberry … by the United States and Brazilian embassies, and by the cattle and meat interests, is that Uruguay does not have a viable independent economy. It is smaller, on most terms of reference, than the southernmost state of Brazil–Rio Grande do Sul–and would, they say, be far better off if its economy were “rationalized” and integrated with the more “modern” large-scale Brazilian economy.Latin America, Vol. VIII, No. 31, August 3 ,1973Leaving aside the obvious self-interest of the various proponents (although one is tempted to speculate whether President Bordaberry argues on behalf of his country or his own ranching interests), their conclusion follows logically on much of the analysis which has focused on the causes of Uruguay's stagnation. Since the mid-1950s, the growth of the economy has barely kept pace with the small population increase of 1.2 percent per annum.

A Theologian Looks at Latin America

1958 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Gustave Weigel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The South ◽  
World Power ◽  
International Power ◽  
The Way

One of the constant worries of the United States, since the role of a dominant world-power has been thrust on her, is the situation of Latin America. Relations with Canada require thought and preoccupation but they produce no deep concern. Canada and the United States understand each other and they form their policies in terms of friendly adjustment. Yet the same is not true when we consider the bloc of nations stretching to the south of the Rio Grande. They form two thirds of the geographic stretch of the western hemisphere, and they constitute a population equal to ours. The dependence on Latin America on the part of the United States in her capacity as an international power is evident. What is not evident is the way to make our friendship with our southern neighbors a more stable thing than the fragile arrangement which confronts us in the present.

Population Control: Latin America and the United States

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-Françoise Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Family Planning Programs

There are numerous reasons why Latin Americans do not place a high priority on the control of their hitherto unprecedented rate of population growth. Some of these are known and discussed at length in the United States. Others seem more difficult for us to understand. They are usually little discussed and if they are, find little sympathy. This article focuses on these little discussed reasons. In order to improve communications between our nation and Latin America, it is important that we see population growth and its meaning as it appears to Latin Americans for whom the implications of large-scale demographically-effective family planning programs are very different from our own.

scholarly journals Comentários ao REsp 1.202.918 – SP: Devem os Créditos Cedidos Fiduciariamente se Submeter aos Efeitos da Recuperação Judicial do Devedor-Fiduciante?

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ochsendorf Portugal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject

COMENTÁRIOS AO RESP 1.202.918 – SP: DEVEM OS CRÉDITOS CEDIDOS FIDUCIARIAMENTE SE SUBMETER AOS EFEITOS DA RECUPERAÇÃO JUDICIAL DO DEVEDOR-FIDUCIANTE? OBSERVATIONS ON “RESP 1.202.918 – SP”: SHOULD THE FIDUCIARY ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS ON MOVABLE ASSETS BE SUBJECTED TO THE EFFECTS OF THE JUDICIAL RESTRUCTURING OF A DEBTOR’S OBLIGATIONS? Daniel Ochsendorf Portugal* RESUMO: Trata-se de análise da cessão fiduciária de créditos face à recuperação judicial do devedor-fiduciante. São abordadas duas questões essenciais em separado: (i) Devem os créditos cedidos fiduciariamente se submeter à recuperação judicial do devedor fiduciante? (ii) Qual seria a melhor alternativa do ponto de vista social? Examina-se, então, acórdão do Superior Tribunal de Justiça que enfrentou estas duas questões a fim de comparar a teoria com a prática e verificar quais seriam os argumentos utilizados pela jurisprudência na análise destes problemas. O artigo investiga, ademais, problema jurídico semelhante que ocorre nos Estados Unidos relativo a derivative contracts. Isto permitirá melhor elucidar os aspectos econômicos do objeto deste artigo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: REsp 1.202.918 – SP. Cessão Fiduciária de Créditos. Alienação Fiduciária em Garantia. Recuperação Judicial. Direito Concursal Americano. Oportunismo. ABSTRACT: This paper is about the fiduciary assignment of movable rights in view of the judicial reorganization of a debtor’s obligations. There are two main questions that shall be examined: (i) Should the fiduciary assignment of rights on movable assets and of credit instruments be subject to the judicial restructuring of a debtor’s obligations? (ii) Which alternative would generate the best results for society? This paper then examines a decision of the Superior Court of Justice that discussed these two questions in order to compare theoretical aspects with practical aspects and to see which arguments were used by the judges when exploring these problems. Furthermore, this paper examines a similar legal issue that is discussed in the United States and that is relative to derivative contracts. This should help to clarify some of the economic aspects of the subject of this paper. KEYWORDS: REsp 1.202.918 – SP. Fiduciary Assignment of Rights on Movable Assets. Fiduciary Liens. Judicial Reorganization.; American Bankruptcy Law. Opportunism. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. Conceito de cessão fiduciária de créditos. 2. Deve a cessão fiduciária de créditos sujeitar-se aos efeitos da recuperação judicial do devedor-fiduciante? 3. Direito concursal americano e “oportunismo”. 4. Comentários ao julgamento do Resp 1.202.918 – SP. 4.1. Quadro atual da jurisprudência brasileira acerca da cessão fiduciária de créditos e a recuperação judicial do devedor-fiduciante. 4.2. Síntese do julgamento do Resp 1.202.918 – SP. 4.3. Análise do julgamento do Resp 1.202.918 – SP. Conclusão. Referências.* Mestrando pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

Bobcat Population Status and Management in North America: Evidence of Large-Scale Population Increase

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Roberts ◽  
Shawn M. Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

Abstract Bobcat Lynx rufus populations are thought to be increasing in North America; however, little information exists on their current population status. In the United States, management and monitoring of bobcat populations is the responsibility of state wildlife management agencies. We surveyed state wildlife management agencies in each of the 48 contiguous states regarding the current population status, distribution, and monitoring protocols of bobcats within each respective jurisdiction. We also surveyed the governments of Mexico and Canada regarding bobcat population status within their jurisdictions. We received responses from 47 U.S. states, Mexico, and 7 Canadian provinces. Responses indicate that bobcats occur in each of the contiguous states except for Delaware. Populations were reported to be stable or increasing in 40 states, with 6 states unable to report population trends and only 1 state (Florida) reporting decreases in bobcat populations. Of the 47 states in which bobcats occur, 41 employ some form of population monitoring. Population density estimates were available for 2,011,518 km2 (33.6%) of the estimated bobcat range in the United States, with population estimates between 1,419,333 and 2,638,738 individuals for this portion of their range and an estimated 2,352,276 to 3,571,681 individuals for the entire United States. These results indicate that bobcat populations have increased throughout the majority of their range in North America since the late 1990s and that populations within the United States are much higher than previously suggested.

Biological reference points for American lobster (Homarus americanus) populations: limits to exploitation and the precautionary approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1392-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Fogarty ◽  
Louise Gendron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Precautionary Approach

Large-scale changes in American lobster (Homarus americanus) landings and abundance have been documented in both Canada and the United States over the last several decades. The spatial coherence of these changes suggests the importance of common environmental and fishery-related factors operating over broad areas in the western North Atlantic. Changes in both biotic and abiotic factors have been hypothesized to underlie the recent increases in lobster production. Area expansion of lobsters to previously unoccupied or low-density areas appears to be an important element of the population increase. Here, we review biological reference points applied to American lobster populations in the United States and Canada. Egg production per recruit models have been used to specify limit reference points (F10% in the United States) or target reference points (increasing egg production per recruit to twice its 1995 level in Canada). Surplus production and yield-per-recruit models have also been employed to provide qualitative management guidelines. We describe sources of uncertainty in the development of biological reference points for American lobster based on dynamic pool models in relation to the precautionary approach. Finally we consider auxiliary indicators and reference points with potential application to lobster stocks.

Agricultural Production, Education, and Population Growth in Latin America

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Norman M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Average Increase

The population of the 20 Latin American Republics has jumped from approximately 132 million in 1945 to an estimated 196 million in 1960. This is an over-all increase of 48.7 per cent, or an average increase of 3.3 per cent a year. By way of comparison, the United States has had an over-all population increase of 25.8 per cent or 1.72 per cent per year during the same 15-year period.

The Brazilian Congressional Elections

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Better Than

Emerging from the voting pattern of the Brazilian congressional elections of October 7, 1962, is a reassuring pattern of political growth and responsible participation by the Brazilian electorate.Congressional elections demand a regional approach. North Americans perhaps understand this better than most people. A great deal of caution is used before establishing a national trend of events in the United States by using, for example, the Arkansas returns. Similarly, to claim that New York speaks for the nation is dangerous.The same caution should also be used in Brazil. The tight race for the governorship of Pernambuco tells the story of almost equally-balanced forces in that state. The Sao Paulo returns may provide some positive indicators of the 1965 presidential race. Rio Grande do Sul demonstrated the basically-conservative nature of the electorate in that area. In contrast, the state returns in Guanabara seem to present an example of complete political irresponsibility and immaturity.

scholarly journals D. Trump's Policy in Latin America: Outcomes and Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Petr YAKOVLEV
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Chaos Theory ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The U.S

The Trump administration's policy south of the Rio Grande has revived the use of force in the spirit of infamous Monroe Doctrine and big stick diplomacy. As a result, an atmosphere of unpredictability has arisen between the United States and Latin America, and current trends in inter-American relations could be analyzed from the perspective of “controlled chaos” theory. In particular, D. Trump's aggressive political and diplomatic actions have significantly complicated the geopolitical situation in the strategically important Caribbean region. American-Cuban relations, normalized by Barack Obama, sharply deteriorated, and the regime of trade and financial sanctions against Venezuela, against which a real political and propaganda war was launched, was tightened to the utmost extent. The U.S. interaction with the largest countries in the region - Mexico and Brazil - has become more complex and ambiguous.

scholarly journals First Report of Blackleg Disease Caused by Leptosphaeria maculans on Canola in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. D. Fernando ◽  
P. S. Parks ◽  
G. Tomm ◽  
L. V. Viau ◽  
C. Jurke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
First Report ◽  
Testing Procedures

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a relatively new crop in Brazil, having been grown there for approximately 8 years. In 2000, leaf lesions and stem cankers were observed in cvs. Hyola 420 and Hyola 401 in farmers' fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Cankered stems were received at the University of Manitoba, Canada, from Rio Grande do Sul for disease identification. Small pieces of the stem were cut from the cankered area, and standard protocol was followed to surface sterilize the stem pieces. Stem pieces were plated on V8 agar medium and incubated under light for 12 days. Typical fungal colonies with concentric rings containing pycnidia formed on the V8 agar. The colony characteristics were typical of the blackleg pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.) Ces. & De Not. (anamorph = Phoma lingam) (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz.). Blackleg is an economically important and serious disease in many parts of the world including Australia, Canada, the United States, and Europe. L. maculans strains can be characterized in four pathogenicity groups (PG1 through PG4) based on differential testing procedures giving interaction phenotype (IP) reactions (2). Two weeks after plating on V8 media, plates were flooded with sterile distilled water, and pycnidiospores were harvested. Flats of multipots filled with Metro Mix were seeded with three cultivars (Westar, Glacier, and Quinta). One-week-old cotyledons from the three cultivars were inoculated with pycnidiospore suspensions (2 × 107 pycnidiospores per ml) of seven Brazilian isolates, numbered 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, and 18, respectively. Each cotyledon leaf, punctured in the center with a needle, was inoculated with a 10-μl droplet of the inoculum. Disease evaluations were made 11 days after inoculation using a 0 to 9 rating scale (1). This screening was repeated three times from February 2001 to October 2001. After the second repeat, the isolates from Rio Grande do Sul were passed through the highly susceptible canola cv. Westar. Results from all four trials were consistent, and yielded one PG1 isolate (No. 7) and six PG3 isolates. PG1 is classified as a nonaggressive strain, whereas PG3 isolates are classified as aggressive. PG3 isolates would have an IP reaction of 7 to 9, 7 to 9, and 3 to 6 on cvs. Westar, Glacier, and Quinta, respectively. PG2 is the most commonly found aggressive strain in the Canadian prairies. PG3 is predominantly found in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first report of blackleg disease caused by L. maculans on canola in Brazil. Differential testing fulfilled Koch's postulates and determined the PG groups found in Brazil (PG1 and PG3). References: (1) P. A. Delwiche. Genetic aspects of blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance in rapeseed (Brassica napus) Ph.D. thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1980. (2) A. Mengistu et al. Plant Dis. 75:1279, 1991.

scholarly journals River Otter Status, Management, and Distribution in the United States: Evidence of Large-Scale Population Increase and Range Expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Roberts ◽  
Matthew J. Lovallo ◽  
Shawn M. Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
River Otter ◽  
River Otters ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Management Approaches

Abstract River otter Lontra canadensis populations in the United States have expanded during the past 50 y as a result of improvements in habitat quality and effective management programs implemented by state and federal agencies and native tribes. Periodic assessments of river otter status, population trends, and geographic distribution are needed to detect changes in populations, assess management approaches, and to identify and prioritize conservation efforts. We surveyed state wildlife agency experts to assess the current population and regulatory status of river otters in their jurisdictions. River otters were legally harvested in 40 states as of 2016. Twenty-two states reported increasing populations while 25 reported stable populations. Most states used multiple methods to monitor river otter populations including harvest-based surveys, presence–absence surveys, and empirically derived population model predictions; harvest-based surveys were the most commonly used monitoring approach. As populations have expanded, river otter reintroduction efforts have become less frequent; two additional states had conducted reintroductions since 1998 and only one state had conducted a reintroduction since 2010. We estimated that river otter distribution increased by 10.2% in the continental United States and by 13.7% in the contiguous United States during an 18-y period. Although populations may continue to increase numerically, river otters may be approaching their potential maximum geographic distribution in the United States.

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