The Feetham Report: A New Plan for Shanghai

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044-1050
Author(s):  
William C. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Future Status

Shall the International Settlement of Shanghai be returned to China to become the prey of Chinese politics and civil disruption, or shall it be held in trust through a plan of Sino-foreign partnership until such time as China shall be able to preserve and protect its wealth and trade? This is the question now brought to the attention of Chinese and foreigners by the recently published report of Judge Richard Feetham, of South Africa, after eighteen months of intensive study of the problem. The report represents the most significant step yet taken toward solving the question of the future status of the International Settlement, the most important of all foreign concessions and settlements in China. For the first time in the history of the Settlement, China and the foreign powers have before them an adequate study of its development, and a definite plan upon which to base an agreement for future action.The International Settlement is a foreign controlled and governed area on Chinese soil, located on the Whangpoo River and serving as the chief center for the vast trade and commerce of the Yangtze valley. Together with the French Settlement and the Chinese Municipality, it forms a part of the modern city of Shanghai. The International Settlement is an outgrowth of the British Settlement established in 1843 when Shanghai was first opened to foreign trade. Other foreigners were admitted to the original British area, and in 1863 the British and Americans pooled their interests after the French had set up a separate settlement of their own. The amalgamated British and American Settlement, extended in 1899, became the International Settlement of today, containing some eight and three-fourths square miles of land on which reside over one million people. In population, the Settlement is truly international. Although the Chinese comprise over ninety-five per cent of the total, more than forty different nationalities are to be found among the foreign residents. For seventy-three years, however, the Settlement was governed wholly by foreigners in spite of its over-whelming majority of Chinese residents, and it is only since 1928 that the Chinese have had any official voice in Settlement affairs.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

Implications for the age of South African Devonian rocks in which Tropidoleptus (Brachiopoda) has been found

1983 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Boucot ◽  
C. H. C. Brunton ◽  
J. N. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South African ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
First Time

SummaryThe Devonian brachiopod Tropidoleptus is recognized for the first time in South Africa. It is present in the lower part of the Witteberg Group at four widely separated localities. Data regarding the stratigraphical range of the genus elsewhere, combined with information on recently described fossil plants and vertebrates from underlying strata of the upper Bokkeveld Group, suggest that a Frasnian or even Givetian age is reasonable for the lower part of the Witteberg Group. The recognition of Tropidoleptus in a shallow water, near-shore, molluscan association, at the top of the South African marine Devonian sequence, is similar to its occurrence in Bolivia, and suggests a common Malvinokaffric Realm history of shallowing, prior to later Devonian or early Carboniferous non-marine sedimentation. It is noteworthy that Tropidoleptus is now known to occur in ecologically suitable environments around the Atlantic, but is absent from these same environments in Asia and Australia. Tropidoleptus is an excellent example of dispersal in geological time — first appearing in northern Europe and Nova Scotia, then elsewhere in eastern North America and North Africa, followed by South America and South Africa, while continuing in North America.

scholarly journals Oleksandr Ivashutych, a student of Les Kurbas, as a universal figure in the theater of musical comedy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 345-357
Author(s):  
Yuliia Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Marriage Market ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Charlie Chaplin ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Musical Comedy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dash Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Background. Analyzing the origins of the school of Kharkiv Academic Theater of Musical Comedy, we cannot ignore its founders. People’s Artist of the UzSSR O. Ivashutych was a director, head of the theatre (during the 1940s), drama actor from the year of its founding (1929) to 1971. Methods and novelty of the research. The research is based on historicalchronological, biographical, typological, and comparative methods with an element of performances and roles reconstruction. Not much is known about O. G. Ivashutych. The only encyclopedic reference about him (from the “Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine”) does not shed light on the director’s method, indirectly giving an idea only of the acting range. The work of Yu. Stanishevsky (1970) on the first forty years of musical comedy theaters of Ukraine (“Colors of Ukrainian operetta”) has several useful elements of reconstructions of the roles in the early period of O. Ivashutych’s work. N. Yermakova’s (2012) monograph “The Berezil Culture…” contains facts and important assessments of O. Ivashutych’s activity as a member of the Berezil Art Association. The author of this paper has collected more than 30 articles in the funds of scientific libraries and Specialized music and theater library of Kharkiv, as well as in the archives of KhATMK, and for the first time the information about the work of O. Ivashutych is analyzed. In addition, the actresses who worked with O. Ivashutych were interviewed. Therefore, this study is the first to reveal and systematize peculiarities of the creative path of O. Ivashutych, an actor, director, head of Kharkiv Theater of Musical Comedy. The director made about 40 productions on the stage of Kharkiv Theater of Musical Comedy and in Central Asia, where he was later evacuated. As an actor, O. Ivashutych played more than 100 versatile roles. The article aims to identify and characterize the main stages of the creative path of O. Ivashutych as well as differences between his acting and directing in different aesthetic eras. Results. O. Ivashutych’s creative individuality leaned towards the tragicomedy of Charlie Chaplin and Maryan Krushelnytsky. As a student of Les Kurbas in the Berezil Art Association and a member of the director’s laboratory of this theater, Les Ivashutych mastered the method of the famous avant-garde company, Les Ivashutich mastered the stage method of the famous avant-garde company, skillfully building rhythm of a performance and a role, turning to circusize, grotesque sharpening of images. In his directing work on the stage of the Musical Comedy Theater, O. Ivashutych, as a pupil of “The Berezil”, sought to consistently develop two repertoire trends: the embodiment of the best European classics (often exclusive in the country salon repertoire) and Ukrainian works (musical comedies and operettas by M. Verykivsky, M. Lysenko, O. Riabov). In our opinion, during these years L. Ivashutych drew a dash line of the European repertoire in his theater: he presented unique in the history of Kharkiv Theater of Musical Comedy operettas “The Borgia’s Garter” by K. Kraus, “Jeanne Who Cries and Jean Who Laughs” by J. Offenbach, “Ball at the Savoy” by P. Abraham (1940), “The Marriage Market” by V. Jacobi (1947), “The Eagle Feathers” by F. Farkas (1957), “Fraskita” by F. Lehár (1959), “The Waltz King” by J. Strauss (1961) and the first productions of famous operettas “Rose Marie” by G. Stotgardt and L. Friml (1942), “The Circus Princess” (1947), “Zorika (Gypsy Love)” by F. Lehár (directed by O. Ivashutych in the year of the composer’s death). In addition, O. Ivashutych staged four performances based on the musical comedies of the classic of Ukrainian operetta O. Riabov. The only performance, which could directly reveal the methodology of “The Berezil” was a fantastic comedy “Viy” (1951). The director also impressed with frank theatricality in circus scenes from the Milyutin’s operetta “Circus lights the fires” – together with choreographer A. Gulesco he managed to set up the style related to “girls” from “The Berezil” revues. Conclusions. Olexandr Ivashutych’s acting naturally evolved from the avantgarde of the 1920s – early 1930s, when he created, in particular, an eccentric image of Orpheus in the production of J. Offenbach, to the realistically psychological roles of 1950–1960, performed in a soft comedic manner (Amadeus in “The Bat”, Rooster in “Akulini”, Underwud in “The Kiss of Cianita”). L. Ivashutych worked as a director only during the period of the theater of “socialist realism”, which resulted in the corresponding realistic principles of his productions. However, even in such circumstances the director appreciated and skillfully used bright elements of theatrical imagery (fantasticality in “Viy” by M. Gogol, choreography in the spirit of the revue in “Circus lights the fires”). O. Ivashutych’s activity in Kharkiv Theater of Musical Comedy was based on the significant personal culture of the artist and his worldview of an intelligent leader.

scholarly journals Krimpsiekte in South Africa: Historical perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo J. Botha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Krimpsiekte, also known as cotyledonosis or nentain sheep and goats, has been recognised as a disease entity since 1775. However, it was only in 1891 that Veterinary Surgeon Soga reproduced the condition by dosing Cotyledon (= Tylecodon) ventricosus leaves to goats. Professor MacOwan, a botanist, confirmed the identity of these nenta plants. From a South African veterinary toxicological point of view the date 1891 is of considerable historical significance as this was the first time that a plant was experimentally demonstrated to be toxic to livestock in South Africa. A chronological account of the history of krimpsiekte research is provided.

scholarly journals DIE GEREFORMEERDE KERKE IN SUID-AFRIKA EN “VROUE IN DIE AMP” 1973-1988

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus Marthinus Vorster
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biblical Anthropology ◽  
Ordination Of Women ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The One

The Reformed Churches in South Africa and “women in office” 1973-1988The matter of the ordination of women in the offices of pastor and elder has become a burning issue in the Reformed Churches in South Africa (Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika). From 1973 to 2016 various Synods of this denomination struggled with the topic by way of several intensive study reports, which resulted in various decisions on hermeneutical and exegetical grounds. This article is the first in a series of two that investigates the history of the case as it developed from 1973-1988. A second article will deal with the period 1994-2016. The intention of this research is to analyse the reasons for the consistent position not to include women in the particular offices of this denomination. The central theoretical argument of this study is that the hermeneutical approaches of the various Synods are deficient. The role of systematic biblical-theological testimony, as well as a well-developed biblical anthropology as important hermeneutical tools, were not applied efficiently and were obscured by the one-sided grammatical-historical angle of approach.

First report of the genus Kohliella Brauns, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabroninae) from India with the species K. anula Pulawski, 1991 from Kerala

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4890 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150
Author(s):  
N.V. AYISHA MAWADDA ◽  
P. GIRISH KUMAR ◽  
P.M. SURESHAN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tree Cricket ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
First Time

The digger wasp genus Kohliella Brauns, 1910, a member of the tribe Larrini, subfamily Crabroninae of the family Crabronidae, is a rarely occurring genus comprising only three known species worldwide (Pulawski 1991; 2020). The genus has been recorded from the Ethiopian (South Africa and Zimbabwe; two species) and Oriental (Sri Lanka; one species) regions. Brauns (1910) erected the genus based on the type species Kohliella alaris from South Africa. The genus is characterized by a V-shaped swelling on the frons, an oblong tubercle on the mandible and a petiolate third submarginal cell of the forewing (Bohart & Menke 1976; Pulawski 1991). The nesting habits are known only for Kohliella alaris. Gess and Gess (1980) studied the life history of this species. It preys on nymphal tree cricket Oecanthus filiger Walker, and nests in the ground in flat, sandy areas with sparse vegetation; nests are constructed prior to hunting. In this paper, Kohliella anula Pulawski, 1991, previously known from Sri Lanka only, is recorded for the first time from India. 

scholarly journals Ortodoks as slagspreuk en liberaal as etiket

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Botha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

Orthodox as slogan and liberal as label Recently a debate on church and theology got underway in Die Hervomer, the official mouthpiece of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. In this debate the words ‘orthodox’ and ‘liberal’ are frequently used. It is not the first time that these words are used within the historical context of the church in South Africa. This paper makes a short excursion into the history of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk to establish how these words were used and what results their use brought for the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk.

Gay Pride on Stolen Land: Homonationalism and Settler Colonialism at the Vancouver Winter Olympics

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Sykes
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Spirit ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

A new form of sporting settler homonationalism emerged in the Pride Houses at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. For the first time ever, Pride Houses were set up where gay and lesbian supporters watched and celebrated the Olympic events. Drawing on poststructuralism, queer and settler colonial studies, the paper analyzes how the Pride Houses were based on settler colonial discourses about participation and displacement. A settler discourse about First Nations and Two-Spirit participation in the Pride Houses allowed gay and lesbian Canadian settlers to both remember and forget the history of settlement. Another settler discourse took for granted the displacement of Two-Spirit youth from their community center and Indigenous people from their traditional territories in order for the Olympics and the Pride Houses to take place. The paper suggests that queering settler politics in sport means confronting, rather than disavowing, colonialism and challenging homonational forms of gay and lesbian inclusion in sport mega- events.

scholarly journals Multivariate performance principle of “Sicilian and burlesque” by A. Casella in stylistic conception of neoclassicism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is the detection of neoclassicism characteristics of A. Casella in the composition “Sicilianna and burlesque”. Methodology. The intonational approach from the unity of music and speech from B. Asaief’s school in Ukraine has become the methodological basis for this work. The scientific novelty of the work. The analysis of A. Casella’s composition “Sicilianna and burlesque” has been made for the first time in the history of Ukrainian music studies. It has been done in a stylistic direction. Conclusions. The analysis has shown the polystylistic complex, which is determined by a variety of instrumental set-up, where the elements of the ancient sonata form were united with programmable and playing filling for entire. It unites the neo-baroque and neo-renaissance style characteristics with a primitivistic interpretation of semantic elements in genre typology, also generating a variety of ensemble and orchestra line-ups. The specified combination of semantic components creates the negligence in dealing with religious symbols, which is characteristic of the Italian modern (compare with atheistic beliefs of the futurists and neo expressionists in the second half of the 20th century).

scholarly journals Economic and political aspects of foreign trade in the scientific legacy of Ivan Vernadsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Koliadych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Scientific Legacy ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
External Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article provides a historical digression on I. Vernadsky's development of foreign trade concepts, and considers its most significant factors, in particular the economic ones (freedom, mutual benefit, measure of needs, strength of economic law) and political ones (geopolitical influence, consolidation). The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance and relevance of I. Vernadsky’s views on the economic and political aspects of foreign trade and assess the scientist's contribution to the development of conceptual foundations of foreign trade based on historical sources. The theoretical basis of the research is the multi-directional application of the concept of foreign trade and the interpretation of foreign trade policy as a tool for successful economic development. The historical and economic methods of analysis, and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. The author applies the tools of systematic approach for the layout of the studied by I. Vernadsky tools for the government’s activities in the field of customs policy and foreign trade. It is shown that I. Vernadsky was critical of the interpretation of an objective, and equivalent exchange and put forward the idea of the urgency of its participants’ needs, emphasizing the subjective nature of any exchange operations. At the same time, the scientist condemned the violent nature of external relations and exchange. Emphasis is placed on an important place in the study of foreign trade issues by I. Vernadsky – the influence of both economic and non-economic factors, in particular the nation’s level of education the and its connection with the level of trade. Also, in the article are highlighted the attitude of I. Vernadsky to the relationship of peoples, which is determined by the ratio of the size of their foreign trade. In return, asymmetry in trade can trigger the operation of the law of counteraction, which demonstrates the scientist's position on trade wars and their inevitability in the event of violence, expansion and robbery. It is emphasized that I. Vernadsky’s liberalism and policy of free trade in the issue of foreign trade should be implemented in conditions of low taxes and tariff duties. High duties not only minimize the mutual benefit of the parties in foreign trade, but also, according to the scientist, set up producers of individual countries against each other. This leads to a foreign policy confrontation between the two countries and international tensions. I. Vernadsky’s research of foreign trade issues in the XIX century is also relevant for the beginning of the XXI century, in particular, the idea of the importance of preventing neo-protectionism, trade conflicts and wars.

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