The Future of Western Dependencies in South Eastern Asia and the Pacific

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-919
Author(s):  
Lennox A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Future ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
Divergent Development ◽  
Set Up

The future of South Eastern Asia and the Philippines is one of the most complicated problems with which the peace settlement will have to grapple. There is a certain broad similarity between the countries concerned which is likely to be a trap for the unwary. It seems so simple to set up free and democratic governments, to equip and train citizen armies to defend their independence, and to raise the standard of living. It also seems reasonable to assume that if the 145,000,000 people of South Eastern Asia and the Philippines could be federated, their combined resources would go a long way towards enabling them to maintain their independence.Unfortunately, deep-seated differences based on race, religion, and history are the dominating influences, and overshadow the similarities of strategic and economic weakness and lack of independence. Disunion bids fair to increase as a result of the nationalism which is beginning to appear. The Burmese regard themselves as a master race, and have an inflated sense of their own power and superiority because of their former conquests in Thailand and Assam. The Thais have something of the same feelings towards the Malays and the Cambodians of Indo-China. One reason why the Malays asked the British to establish a protectorate over the peninsula was to safeguard their independence against Thai ambitions. This fear and hostility have been strengthened by Thai annexation in 1943 of four of the nine Malay States, and a claim to most of the others. The Malays, Indonesians, and Filipinos come from the same racial stock, but so far as the latter are concerned, centuries of divergent development have made the differences more important than the similarity in racial characteristics which is noticeable among the three peoples.

Navigation clearance evaluation and marine simulations for the planning of new bridge spans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kite ◽  
James Pitchforth ◽  
Sammy Yip ◽  
Paz Artejo ◽  
Gerardo Ramon Galang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Future ◽  
Marine Navigation ◽  
Bridge Spans ◽  
Future Growth

<p>The sizing of the main span dimensions for new marine bridge crossings needs to consider the current shipping vessels using the waterways and the future growth in marine traffic. Internationally accepted guidelines are used for initial sizing of the navigation clearances, but confirmation of the safe passage of vessels requires simulations to be undertaken. For two major marine bridges planned in the Philippines the marine navigation clearance assessments have been carried out, and the results verified via realistic simulations carried out at the facilities available in the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP). This paper outlines methodology of the theoretical calculations and the simulations performed, which confirmed the clearances and informed the design of the required navigation aids.</p>

Foragers, fishers and farmers: origins of the Taiwanese Neolithic

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (342) ◽  
pp. 1115-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-chun Hung ◽  
Mike T. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Coastal China

The Neolithic of Taiwan represents the first stage in the expansion of Austronesian-speaking peoples through the Pacific. Settlement and burial evidence from the Tapenkeng (TKP) or Dabenkeng culture demonstrates the development of the early Taiwanese Neolithic over a period of almost 2000 years, from its origin in the pre-TPK of the Pearl River Delta and south-eastern coastal China. The first TPK communities of Taiwan pursued a mixed coastal foraging and horticultural lifestyle, but by the late TPK rice and millet farming were practised with extensive villages and large settlements. The broad-spectrum subsistence diversity of the Taiwanese Neolithic was an important factor in facilitating the subsequent expansion of Austronesian-speaking peoples to the Philippines and beyond.

The Diplomacy of Dependency: The Philippines and Peacemaking with Japan, 1945–52

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Dingman
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
Small Powers ◽  
The Impact

Historians have examined the Japanese peace settlement of 1951 in a variety of ways. A few have treated it as an episode in the ongoing evolution of the structure of international relations in the Pacific and East Asia. Most have focused on the interaction between the principal victor, the United States, and vanquished Japan, weighing the negotiating successes and failures of each and assessing the impact of the settlement on subsequent Japanese-American relations. Recently still other historians have exploited newly available archival materials to analyze the role middle-range powers such as Australia and Britain played in shaping the 1951 peace treaty. While this research has revealed a great deal about the San Francisco peace settlement, it has left unexplored the part small powers played in a major restructuring of the Pacific/East Asian international order.

Awarded with Eternity: Specifics of the Burial Practices in the Ancient Cultures of the Pacific Region at the Turn of the Eras

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Андрей Табарев ◽  
Andrey Tabarev
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Similar Formation

The paper deals with various aspects of the complex academic issue of studying the culture genesis in the Pacific Region based on the archeological data. Periods of strong cultural surges, milestones in the development of technologies and economy, crucial events in economy and social domain are of acute interest within the scope of the outlined problem. Such periods include the era turn (the 2nd century BC – 3–4th centuries AD), i. e. “The time of great leaders and stone tombs”. The research focuses on two regions – the southern part of the Japanese Archipelago (Kyushu, Ryukyu and Okinawa islands) and the tropical zone of the Pacific coast of America (from Western Mexico to the northern Chile) – and to individual parts of the South-Eastern Asia (the Philippines, Indonesia). The findings obtained in the course of the research confirm the hypothesis about similar formation scenarios of the tribal elite and accompanying components of architecture, arts and commerce in objects of “prestigious technologies” in the ancient cultures of the tropical and subtropical zones of the Pacific Region.

From Pearl Harbor to the “Asian Pivot”: Contours of us Imperialism in the Pacific

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 217-240
Author(s):  
Carl Boggs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Future

This article explores the long trajectory of United States imperial strategy in the Pacific, spanning the first conquest of Hawaii in the 1890s through the naval buildup, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the protracted war of annihilation against Japan that followed, American establishment of its postwar hegemony over Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and other parts of Asia, to the present-day “Asian Pivot” (including the Trans-Pacific Partnership) linking 12 nations in trade relations with efforts to contain the Chinese economic juggernaut. I argue that this will become a centerpiece of global politics heading into the future.

Two new variants ofIlex (Aquifoliaceae) from Eastern Asia and the Philippines

1980 ◽  
Vol 91 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 577-579
Author(s):  
T. R. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Eastern Asia

Charles Francis Adams: diary of a young American taxidermist visiting New Zealand, 1884–1887

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Set Up ◽  
White Island

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.

Systematics of Hymenophyllum subgenus Mecodium (Hymenophyllaceae) in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-767
Author(s):  
Tian-Chuan Hsu ◽  
Yu-Fang Huang ◽  
Yi-Shan Chao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Independent Species

Abstract—Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium, composed of the taxonomically notorious H. polyanthos and approximately 15 other closely related taxa, is a common element of filmy fern communities in the tropical and subtropical moist forests. In Taiwan, although only H. polyanthos and one or two closely related taxa were recognized in recent studies, considerable morphological variation has been observed among populations throughout the island. Thus, we conducted an extensive morphological investigation, as well as a molecular phylogenetic analysis, to clarify the specific diversity and phylogenetic relationships within Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium in Taiwan. Field and herbaria surveys helped in recognizing five morphs in Taiwan, mainly differentiated by the combination of certain traits, viz., the presence or absence of stipe wings, general frond size and shape, degree of laminar crispation, sori position, and involucre shape. The different morphs had diverse ecological preferences. The phylogenetic tree, inferred from the sequences of the plastid loci rbcL and rps4-trnS, demonstrated that Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium materials in Taiwan comprise several well-supported lineages, mostly corresponding to the classification based on morphology. Comparing with the protologues and type specimens of 34 related scientific names, the five morphs are herein recognized as five independent species. A new species, Hymenophyllum exquisitum, is described here. Also, the status of H. paniculiflorum is reconfirmed and that of H. fujisanense, H. parallelocarpum, and H. punctisorum reinstated. Only H. exquisitum and H. parallelocarpum are endemic to Taiwan among all the species studied. In addition, the names Hymenophyllum blumeanum, H. integrum, H. microsorum, H. polyanthos, H. tenellum, and H. wrightii are now excluded from the regional flora, and several related taxa from China, Taiwan, and the Philippines are treated as synonyms. This study unravels the deep phylogenetic relationships within Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium in Taiwan and Eastern Asia.

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