The Chinese Revolution in Russian Perspective

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-230
Author(s):  
Robert Vincent Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Far East ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Chinese Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Far East ◽  
National Rule ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Shed Light

SPECIALISTS on Chinese communism are in the habit of brushing responsibility for strange or abhorrent phenomena off onto Soviet Russia. This may be largely justified; communism is clearly a foreign import in China, whatever the reasons for its success or the extent of its adaptation. But to an observer whose understanding of communism is based primarily on the study of Soviet Russia, the history of Chinese communism—now a full decade of national rule, following nearly thirty years of evolution—presents a number of peculiarities. Comparison with Russia suggests several lines of interpretation which may shed light on the past and present status of communism in China and the Far East.

scholarly journals «Япония все ближе и ближе пробивается к границам Монголии… Как думаете отстаивать свою независимость?» (О беседе Сталина с П. Гэндэном 24 ноября 1934 г.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435
Author(s):  
Larisa B. Zhabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Introduction. The early 1930s saw a more active Russian-Mongolian interaction, including regular meetings and confidential conversations between the leaders of the USSR and the Mongolian People’s Republic. I. V. Stalin and the others of the top Soviet leadership started to pay more attention to the situation in Mongolia. This was largely justified by the sharp aggravation of the international situation in the Far East, with aggressive acts of imperialist Japan in the region and its further plans on the Asian continent, of which they made no secret. Under the circumstances, the USSR leaders sought to ensure the protection of its interests in the region. This article aims at examining and interpreting the significance of the Soviet-Mongolian summit that took place on November 24, 1934. Data and research methods. The author draws on a collection of documents on Russian-Mongolian military cooperation, which contains recordings of conversations between the top leadership of the two countries on military cooperation. Results. The main issue of the confidential conversation between Stalin, with the closest to him in the top Soviet leadership, and the Mongolian delegation, with Prime Minister Peljidiin Genden at the head, was a discussion of the urgent problem of how Mongolia would uphold its independence in the event of an attack from Japan: “what will you do if your situation worsens”? (Stalin) The materials of the meeting allow to understand the role of the USSR’s foreign policy in relation to Mongolia; to consider the course of discussions around the principal issues that interested both sides; and to shed light on the influence exerted by the Kremlin on the policy of the Mongolian government in terms of the ways of protecting the independence of the MPR. Stalin stressed the need to conclude a pact of mutual assistance; Genden agreed to start negotiations and was ready to elaborate practical steps. The Mongolian leadership was fully aware that the USSR was the only ally of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the Far East. Conclusions. The summit meeting of November 24, 1934 became an important milestone in the history of bilateral relations between the USSR and the MPR. The negotiations proved to be of key importance for promoting their further military cooperation. The pact of mutual assistance signed in 1936 provided for the presence of the Soviet armed forces in Mongolia and served as a guarantee of the country’s security.

scholarly journals Background of the Establishment and Loss of Independence of the Far Eastern Republic

Federalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
A. I. Baksheev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Far East

This year marks exactly 100 years since the creation of a kind of state formation on part of the territory of our country – the FER. The article analyzes one of the little-studied pages of the history of the Russian Far East – the prerequisites for the creation, the struggle for independence and the loss of independence of the Far Eastern republic that existed in the period 1920-1922. The article uses the methods of the principle of objective historicism; synchronous method, the method of historical modeling, the features of the Civil War in the Far East, the foreign policy grounds for the creation of the FER, the reasons for the creation of the FER, the struggle of the armed forces of the FER with the White Guards and interventionists, the relationship between Soviet Russia and the FER, the reasons for the loss of independence of the FER are analyzed. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the Far Eastern republic was a buffer, which, having protected Soviet Russia from Japanese aggression, was doomed to disappear from the political map of the world.

When the World Laughs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Film Comedy

This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.

Fidalgos in the Far East 1550-1770: Fact and Fancy in the History of Macao.

1950 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Engel Sluiter ◽  
C. R. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of

ON THE METHODS OF O. N. LOSHAKOV IN TEACHING EASEL PAINTING From his experience at the Vladivostok Art School in 1960–1962

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Khairulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Far East ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Shikotan Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Art School

The article explores the first pedagogical experience of Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor Oleg Nikolaevich Loshakov in Vladivostok. The work provides a brief overview on the history of the formation of professional arts education in the Far East. Positive influence of Oleg Loshakov — graduate of the Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V. I. Surikov on improving the quality of the educational process at the Vladivostok Art School is noted. He contributed greatly to the development of fine arts in Primorsky Krai as a teacher and representative of the Moscow School of Painting. Further creative activity of O. N. Loshakov who painted landscapes on Shikotan Island together with a group of young artists that were his first graduates is described. The materials of the article expand the range of ideas about the artist's work in the Far East, and reveal new aspects of his landscape paintings of the 1960s. Special consideration is given to the monumental landscape in the master's work. The relevance of the topic is determined by the lack of materials devoted to the period of O. N. Loshakov's formation as a teacher and artist.

The Journal “Librarian” as a Source on the History of Librarianship in Siberia and the Far East of the Pre-Revolutionary Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Yulija V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Informative Content ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The study of the history of librarianship is an urgent task of modern historical and library research. Its solution is possible if a large number of historical sources are identified and analysed. One of them is the pre-revolutionary journal “Librarian”, which differs from other periodicals of that time by its high informative content on the topic. Due to the lack of comprehensive studies of the “Librarian” journal as a historical source, this article for the first time considers this pre-revolutionary professional periodical as a source for studying the history of librarianship in Siberia and the Far East of the pre-revolutionary period. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the informative potential of the “Librarian” journal, which is useful for the reconstruction of the history of librarianship in Siberia and the Far East.The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The article uses the methods of source studies, comparative and content analysis.The obtained results show that the journal “Librarian” is an important source for studying the history of librarianship in the Siberian-Far Eastern region. It contains numerous interesting facts about the libraries of the region, their structure and functioning, allows us to identify the sources of their financing and quantitative indicators of work, trace their dynamics, replenish the regional bibliography of special literature and restore the names of benefactors, Siberians and Far Easterners — members of the Society of Library Science.This study fully reveals the informative potential of this periodical, expands the idea of periodicals as important historical sources for the study of the history of librarianship of the country as a whole and its various regions. It can be useful in conducting specific historical studies of librarianship of the country of the pre-revolutionary period.

A Life of Sir Harry Parkes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Morton
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Far East ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of

Harry Parkes was at the heart of Britain’s relations with the Far East from the start of his working life at fourteen, to his death at fifty-seven. Orphaned at the age of five, he went to China on his own as a child and worked his way to the top. God-fearing and fearless, he believed his mission was to bring trade and ‘civilisation’ to East Asia. In his day, he was seen as both a hero and a monster and is still bitterly resented in China for his part in the country’s humiliations at Western hands, but largely esteemed in Japan for helping it to industrialise. Morton’s new biography, the first in over thirty years, and benefiting in part from access to the Parkes’ family and archives, offers a more intimate and informed profile of the personal and professional life of a Victorian titan and one of Britain’s most undiplomatic diplomats in the history of the British Civil Service.

scholarly journals Phylogeographical and Evolutionary History of Variola major Virus; A Question of Timescales?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Bergna ◽  
Carla Della Ventura ◽  
Rossella Marzo ◽  
Massimo Ciccozzi ◽  
Massimo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

In order to reconstruct the origin and pathways of variola virus (VARV) dispersion, we analyzed 47 VARV isolates available in public databases and their SNPs. The mean substitution rate of the whole genomes was 9.41x10-6 (95%HPD:8.5-11.3x10-6) substitutions/site/year. The time of the tree root was estimated to be a mean 68 years (95%HPD:60.5–75.9). The phylogeographical analysis showed that the Far East and India were the most probable locations of the tree root and of the inner nodes, respectively, whereas for the outer nodes it corresponded to the sampling locations. The Bayesian Skyline plot showed that the effective number of infections started to grow exponentially in 1915-1920, peaked in the 1940s, and then decreased to zero. Our results suggests that the VARV major strains circulating between 1940s-1970s probably shared a common ancestor originated in the Far East; subsequently moved to India, which became the center of its dispersion to eastern and southern Africa, and then to central Africa and the Middle East, probably following the movements of people between south-eastern Asia and the other places with a common colonial history. These findings may help to explain the controversial reconstructions of the history of VARV obtained using long- and short- term calibrations.

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