scholarly journals «Япония все ближе и ближе пробивается к границам Монголии… Как думаете отстаивать свою независимость?» (О беседе Сталина с П. Гэндэном 24 ноября 1934 г.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435
Author(s):  
Larisa B. Zhabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Introduction. The early 1930s saw a more active Russian-Mongolian interaction, including regular meetings and confidential conversations between the leaders of the USSR and the Mongolian People’s Republic. I. V. Stalin and the others of the top Soviet leadership started to pay more attention to the situation in Mongolia. This was largely justified by the sharp aggravation of the international situation in the Far East, with aggressive acts of imperialist Japan in the region and its further plans on the Asian continent, of which they made no secret. Under the circumstances, the USSR leaders sought to ensure the protection of its interests in the region. This article aims at examining and interpreting the significance of the Soviet-Mongolian summit that took place on November 24, 1934. Data and research methods. The author draws on a collection of documents on Russian-Mongolian military cooperation, which contains recordings of conversations between the top leadership of the two countries on military cooperation. Results. The main issue of the confidential conversation between Stalin, with the closest to him in the top Soviet leadership, and the Mongolian delegation, with Prime Minister Peljidiin Genden at the head, was a discussion of the urgent problem of how Mongolia would uphold its independence in the event of an attack from Japan: “what will you do if your situation worsens”? (Stalin) The materials of the meeting allow to understand the role of the USSR’s foreign policy in relation to Mongolia; to consider the course of discussions around the principal issues that interested both sides; and to shed light on the influence exerted by the Kremlin on the policy of the Mongolian government in terms of the ways of protecting the independence of the MPR. Stalin stressed the need to conclude a pact of mutual assistance; Genden agreed to start negotiations and was ready to elaborate practical steps. The Mongolian leadership was fully aware that the USSR was the only ally of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the Far East. Conclusions. The summit meeting of November 24, 1934 became an important milestone in the history of bilateral relations between the USSR and the MPR. The negotiations proved to be of key importance for promoting their further military cooperation. The pact of mutual assistance signed in 1936 provided for the presence of the Soviet armed forces in Mongolia and served as a guarantee of the country’s security.

scholarly journals Российско-монгольское сотрудничество в военной сфере (1930-е годы)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Larisa B. Zhabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Intergovernmental Cooperation ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

Goals. The article investigates Russian-Mongolian military cooperation in the 1930s. Methods and Materials. The work examines collected documents and materials housed by the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. Results and Conclusions. The early 1930s were characterized by the aggravation of the international situation in the Far East: Japan attacked China and occupied a considerable territory. Japan’s external policy was turning more and more towards expansionism, giving rise to sentiments to seize mainland territories which meant а direct threat to Mongolia and Soviet regions. So, the period witnessed a series of regular top-level meetings between the Soviet and Mongolian governments. The Kremlin negotiations of November 1934 proved essential enough for the further development of Soviet-Mongolian military and political cooperation. The Kremlin, thus, took the strategic lead and got actively involved in Mongolian affairs. Records of the Soviet-Mongolian negotiations of November 27 underline the vital need for Mongolia to have strong national armed forces, and report the expediency of signing non-aggression and mutual respect treaties was being discussed. The Protocol of mutual assistance between the USSR and the MPR of 12 March 1936 set a new global trend for intergovernmental cooperation and strategic partnership in the context of increasing international tensions. Active joint military actions against imperialist Japan in 1939 at Khalkhin Gol, efficient coordination of foreign policy steps thus became an important stabilizing factor in the region, being a bright page in the history of relations between the countries.

The Chinese Revolution in Russian Perspective

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-230
Author(s):  
Robert Vincent Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Far East ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Chinese Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Far East ◽  
National Rule ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Shed Light

SPECIALISTS on Chinese communism are in the habit of brushing responsibility for strange or abhorrent phenomena off onto Soviet Russia. This may be largely justified; communism is clearly a foreign import in China, whatever the reasons for its success or the extent of its adaptation. But to an observer whose understanding of communism is based primarily on the study of Soviet Russia, the history of Chinese communism—now a full decade of national rule, following nearly thirty years of evolution—presents a number of peculiarities. Comparison with Russia suggests several lines of interpretation which may shed light on the past and present status of communism in China and the Far East.

scholarly journals Muslims of Siberia and the Far East in the Civil war

Islamovedenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Yarkov Alexander Pavlovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Far East ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The history of the Muslims of Siberia and far East during the civil war is not thoroughly investigated. Meanwhile, the processes are interesting, and trend-defining. They are important for understanding what happened in the subsequent Soviet decades. Religion during the war of-ten performed the criterion of ethnic and linguistic identity. This was reflected in naming units (for example – Muslim company, Muslim council, Muslim orphanage). There were few Muslim units of RCP (b) and RKCY where the formation of Soviet personnel managers was on the way. Thus, the ‘Muslims’ marker not only played the role of konfessionism. One could observe a preserved ‘floating’ ethnicity: some siberians defined themselves according to tukhum names, and only then as the Tatars (Bukharians, Bashkirs, Kazakhs), but, in the view of the believers and others – as ‘Muslims’ always.

scholarly journals Five decades long path.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Dudarenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Event Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Far Eastern

This article, based on the current archive of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the annual scientific reports, recreates the 50-year history of IHAE, shows the role of its directors in the formation and development of the Institute: Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.I. Krushanov, Academician of the RAS V.L. Larin and Corresponding Member of the RAS N.N. Kradin. Particular attention is paid to a difficult stage in the life of the country and historical science – the period of the 1990s. The liquidation of the CPSU, the fall of the Soviet system and the collapse of the USSR contributed to the crisis of historical science. During this period, the leaders of the IHAE FEB RAS faced quite difficult tasks: to provide funding for scientific research; retain the cadres of professional historians; to develop new methodological approaches and principles for the analysis of historical events and "blind spots" in the history of the Far East; determine the prospects for the future. All these tasks were successfully solved, and by 2000 the Institute regained the role of a scientific center uniting all historians of the Far Eastern region. Introduction. The reasons that led to the need to open an academic center of historical science in Vladivostok are stated: there was a process of intensive development of the region's natural resources; new industrial enterprises and universities were created; Far Eastern cities were renewed, the population grew; the ideological and military confrontation between the two “superpowers” grew, and relations between the USSR and China sharply deteriorated. In these conditions, the role of the humanitarian and ideological component of the social life of the region increased, which was to be formed by historical science. Methods. The content of the article is based on different methods of research, first of all the comparative-genetic method, a consistent presentation of the event series, related to the history of the formation and development of IHAE FEB RAS. Through the application of the narrative method, the history of the Institute's development under its three directors is more widely presented, the specifics of each of the directors and research areas of the staff are displayed. The use of the information method is particularly valuable for building an event series. The method of comparative-historical analysis is also used in the article's presentation. Results. This article was based primarily on the documents of the archive of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East of the FEB RAS, the annual scientific reports of the Institute and bibliographic indexes of the works of staff of IHAE. This made it possible to present the history of the Institute in all its completeness and contradictions, to show its importance as an academic center of historical science in the Far Eastern region, to determine the main directions of historical research in the future.

scholarly journals Дальневосточная республика как «колыбель» Монгольской революции (к 100-летию ДВР и Монгольской революции 1921 г.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-875
Author(s):  
Leonid V. Kuras ◽  
◽  
Bazar D. Tsybenov
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Far Eastern

Introduction. The Far Eastern Republic that emerged in the spring of 1920 suited all political players — Moscow, Tokyo, Washington, Irkutsk Political Center, and other peripheral political forces of the Far East. The ‘buffer’ state also played an important role in the transnational history of the Mongolian world. Mongolian revolutionaries stayed in the territory of the Far Eastern Republic in the summer and autumn of 1920. At that time, they were deeply imbued with the ideas of the Bolsheviks. Goals. The study seeks to examine the organizational role of the Far Eastern Republic as an outpost of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. The objectives be tackled are as follows: investigation of the Russian-Mongolian revolutionary interaction in 1918-1920; analysis of activities of O. Maksteneck, an authorized representative of the RSFSR People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs to Mongolia; exploration of the route and work of three groups of Mongolian delegates in the territory of the Far Eastern Republic and Soviet Russia in 1920; insight into activities of the first congress of the Mongolian People’s Party in Troitskosavsk in March 1920. Materials. The paper analyzes archival documents dealing with the history of Russian-Mongolian military cooperation in the early-to-mid 20th century, considers works by domestic and Mongolian authors dedicated to the creation of the Far Eastern Republic and the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Conclusions. The leadership of the Far Eastern Republic headed by B.  Shumyatsky and the authorized representative of the RSFSR People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs O. Maksteneck played a crucial role in organizing the activities of the Mongolian revolutionary delegates. They convinced the Mongolian revolutionaries of the need to rely on Soviet power and its armed forces in the struggle for Mongolian independence.

scholarly journals Background of the Establishment and Loss of Independence of the Far Eastern Republic

Federalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
A. I. Baksheev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Far East

This year marks exactly 100 years since the creation of a kind of state formation on part of the territory of our country – the FER. The article analyzes one of the little-studied pages of the history of the Russian Far East – the prerequisites for the creation, the struggle for independence and the loss of independence of the Far Eastern republic that existed in the period 1920-1922. The article uses the methods of the principle of objective historicism; synchronous method, the method of historical modeling, the features of the Civil War in the Far East, the foreign policy grounds for the creation of the FER, the reasons for the creation of the FER, the struggle of the armed forces of the FER with the White Guards and interventionists, the relationship between Soviet Russia and the FER, the reasons for the loss of independence of the FER are analyzed. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the Far Eastern republic was a buffer, which, having protected Soviet Russia from Japanese aggression, was doomed to disappear from the political map of the world.

When the World Laughs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Film Comedy

This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.

Fidalgos in the Far East 1550-1770: Fact and Fancy in the History of Macao.

1950 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Engel Sluiter ◽  
C. R. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of

ON THE METHODS OF O. N. LOSHAKOV IN TEACHING EASEL PAINTING From his experience at the Vladivostok Art School in 1960–1962

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Khairulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Far East ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Shikotan Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Art School

The article explores the first pedagogical experience of Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor Oleg Nikolaevich Loshakov in Vladivostok. The work provides a brief overview on the history of the formation of professional arts education in the Far East. Positive influence of Oleg Loshakov — graduate of the Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V. I. Surikov on improving the quality of the educational process at the Vladivostok Art School is noted. He contributed greatly to the development of fine arts in Primorsky Krai as a teacher and representative of the Moscow School of Painting. Further creative activity of O. N. Loshakov who painted landscapes on Shikotan Island together with a group of young artists that were his first graduates is described. The materials of the article expand the range of ideas about the artist's work in the Far East, and reveal new aspects of his landscape paintings of the 1960s. Special consideration is given to the monumental landscape in the master's work. The relevance of the topic is determined by the lack of materials devoted to the period of O. N. Loshakov's formation as a teacher and artist.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document