State and Society in Contemporary China

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Local Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Society ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Chinese Case ◽  
The One

Recent works on contemporary China stress the importance of the nonmarket economy in shaping a pattern of state-society relations quite unlike those found in capitalist economies. Nevertheless, these studies present strikingly different pictures of the Chinese case: a new, party-dominated, divided, yet compliant network society on the one hand; and an enduring, localistic, solidary, and resistant cellular society on the other. The author suggests that such divergent images may be partially reconciled if local variation (by region and social sector) is systematically incorporated into our models of Chinese politics. Calling for a nuanced and dynamic approach to state-society relations, the article argues for the importance of historically grounded research.

Entreprenøren som figur under neoliberalismen - Kapitalisme, individ og velfærdsorganisering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Li Langergaard
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The article explores the central role of the entrepreneur in neoliberalism. It demonstrates how a displacement and a broadening of the concept of the entrepreneur occur in the neoliberal interpretation of the entrepreneur compared to Schumpeter’s economic innovation theory. From being a specific economic figure with a particular delimited function the entrepreneur is reinterpreted as, on the one hand, a particular type of subject, the entrepreneur of the self, and on the other, an ism, entrepreneurialism, which permeates individuals, society, and institutions. Entrepreneurialism is discussed as a movement of the economic into previously non-economic domains, such as the welfare state and society. Social entrepreneurship is an example of this in relation to solutions to social welfare problems. This can, on the one hand, be understood as an extension of the neoliberal understanding of the entrepreneur, but it also, in certain interpretations, resists the neoliberal understanding of economy and society.

Demokratie im 21. Jahrhundert

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Whereas democracy still seemed to be triumphantly sweeping the world before the turn of the century, today it finds itself under immense pressure, not only as a viable political system, but also as a theoretical and normative concept. The coronavirus crisis has underlined and accelerated these developments. There are manifold reasons for this, above all the fundamental changes the state and society have undergone in the face of globalisation, digitalisation, migration, climate change and not least the current pandemic, to name the most significant of them. This volume analyses the changes to democracy in the 21st century and the crises it has experienced. In doing so, the book identifies where action is needed, on the one hand, and investigates appropriate, up-to-date reforms and the prospects for politics, political communication and political education, on the other. With contributions by Ulrich von Alemann, Bernd Becker, Frank Brettschneider, Frank Decker, Claudio Franzius, Georg Paul Hefty, Andreas Kalina, Helmut Klages, Uwe Kranenpohl, Pola Lehmann, Linus Leiten, Dirk Lüddecke, Thomas Metz, Ursula Münch, Ursula Alexandra Ohliger, Veronika Ohliger, Rainer-Olaf Schultze, Peter Seyferth, Hans Vorländer, Uwe Wagschal, Thomas Waldvogel and Samuel Weishaupt

scholarly journals The Chinese Communist Party: Recruiting and Controlling the New Elites

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
The One

This article explores two interrelated aspects of the new dynamics within the CCP leadership – the new elite groups and the new ground rules in Chinese politics. The first shows profound changes in the recruitment of the elite and the second aims to reveal the changing mechanisms of political control and the checks and balances of the Chinese political system. The article argues that the future of the CCP largely depends on two seemingly contradictory needs: how broad-based will the Party's recruitment of its new elites be on the one hand and how effective will the top leadership be in controlling this increasingly diverse political institution on the other. The emerging fifth generation of leaders is likely to find the challenge of producing elite harmony and unity within the Party more difficult than their predecessors. Yet, the diverse demographic and political backgrounds of China's new leaders can also be considered a positive development that may contribute to the Chinese-style inner-Party democracy.

Feminist Interlegalities and Gender Justice in Sudan: The Debate on CEDAW and Islam

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Tønnessen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
Local Solutions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Cultures

AbstractThe fundamental argument put forward by Islamists, who have ruled Sudan since 1989, for not signing the convention is based on cultural relativism; different cultures provide indigenous and local solutions to their women’s problems. Islam is the solution, not Western feminism. But the Islamists’ failure to ratify CEDAW should not be regarded as a complete rejection of Western feminism, however defined. Through a review of the debate on CEDAW and Islam, this article explores the entanglements of ‘Islamic’ and ‘Western’ normative legal orders. It argues that although Islamist feminists’ discourse deems Western tenets of feminism and gender equality to be unessential to Islamic societies and falsely universalising in its premises, it simultaneously draws upon them in order to demonstrate their ‘alternative’ feminism. By analysing a range of Islamist women’s positions, it becomes apparent that on the one hand they reject CEDAW and gender equality, and on the other promote issues which empower women in the Sudanese state and society. But there are important points of criticism to be made regarding Islamic solutions in a multi-religious and class-divided Sudanese society. Sudanese Islamist women’s claims on behalf of Islamic solutions for Sudanese women can paradoxically be critiqued being as universalising in its premises as so-called Western feminism.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the State and Universities in the Czech Lands 1849–1939

2022 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 181-206
Author(s):  
Lukáš Fasora
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
The One ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
The Relationship

This text summarises the results of extensive research into the relationship between the state and universities in 1849–1939, i.e. between the so-called ‘Thun reform’ and the closure of Czech universities by the Nazis. The focus is on the state’s respect for the privileged position of universities and the monitoring of tensions arising from the clash between legislation and the universities’ day-to-day operations, resulting mainly from satisfying the economic needs of universities on the one hand, and the interpretation of the responsibility and discipline of their academic staff towards the state and society on the other. The research shows the advancing erosion of the so-called Prussian (Humboldt’s) concept of an autonomous national-oriented university and the difficult search for a democratic alternative in interwar Central Europe’s unstable political and economic conditions.

scholarly journals Towards an Integrated, Liberal Theory of the Canadian State

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1092
Author(s):  
Shannon Kathleen O’Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

In this article, the author challenges the tendency in common law Canada to conflate the distinction between State and society. Following the analysis of Kenneth Dyson, the author contends that the State occupies a distinct sphere produced by or contained in the interconstitutive relationship of State institution, on the one hand, and State idea, on the other. The State concept is presented as neither merely active nor merely passive but as involving a relationship between action and reflection, between institution and idea. The author then analyses the broadly shared public values which are contained in the Canadian State idea when viewedfrom a liberal political perspective. That these values incrementally modulate the exercise of public power — and vice versa — argues for a State-society distinction which is not generally emphasized in common law Canada.

scholarly journals Christos Yannaras’s Conception of State, Society and Politics and the Greek Apophatic Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-282
Author(s):  
Miroljub Gligorić
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The One

Abstract The article demonstrates a concept of state, society and politics coined by contemporary Greek religious philosopher Christos Yannaras. The concept derives from two sources: on the one hand from the criticism of the modern cataphatic forms of state and society and on the other hand from the apophatic character of the Greek polis. With this creative critical synthesis, based on the apophatic attitude, Yannaras produces a conception of a new polity, contributing to the liberation of the human subject from various aspects of alienation in the cataphatic systems.

Uncivil States and Civil Societies: How Illusion Became Reality

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Lemarchand
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social System ◽  
State System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The One ◽  
Civil Societies

WhatGeertz refers to as the ‘pigeonhole disease’ is nowhere more evident than in the persistent tendency of political scientists to locate state and society in separate conceptual niches: one inhabited by a potentially predatory species and the other by a defenceless and fully domesticated pigeon. Only where a recognisable entity is sharing the characteristics of a state system, whose boundaries are analytically separate from those of the social system, can political science claim a disciplinary domain of its own. The ongoing debate over the relative merits or demerits of state-centred approaches has only served to add further salience to the dichotomy between state and society, but with little agreement as to where the one begins and the other leaves off.

History and nostalgia: Reflections on John Wansbrough's The Sectarian Milieu

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Calder
Keyword(s):  
Negative Answer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
Community History ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

In the fourth chapter of The Sectarian Milieu, John Wansbrough asks the question whether Islam gives expression to a concept of history as event or as process, the one implying a nostalgic, the other a dynamic approach to community history. This paper accepts the distinction while suggesting that there are more ways of exploring the question than that exemplified in his analysis. While his study comes to a tentatively negative answer (Islam as nostalgia), this article suggests that the processes of reading scripture constitute precisely a means for the preservation of event and for its transformation into process. Section 2 looks at a liturgical and Section 3 at a scholastic (exegetical) reading of scripture, while Section 4 proposes that the literature of the law must also be understood as a "reading" of scripture. In each case, it is argued, the meanings of salvation history are re-discovered from generation to generation through the experience of the community, in an ongoing hermeneutical tradition which stresses not event but process (in Wansbrough's own words "the afterlife of an event perpetuated by constant interpretation"). Sections 5 and 6 offer some concluding remarks about Islamic epistemology and the process of reading, which is both the activity of contemporary scholars and the object of their studies.

De La Synchronie Dynamique à La Diachronie

Diachronica ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Martinet
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
The One

RÉSUMÉ Certains comparatistes s'attachent à expliquer les changements dont ils relèvent la trace dans les langues avec lesquelles ils opèrent. Ils restent cependant peu enclins à rechercher, dans les états de langue directement accessibles, la confirmation de leurs hypothèses. Rares même sont les études où l'on s'efforce de restituer un continuum pour chacun des changements relevés. La conception d'une synchronie dynamique a conduit à examiner le changement dans son devenir par la prise en considération de réactions différentes des informateurs selon leur âge au moment de l'enquête. Elle permet ainsi une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement des langues et des évolutions qui en résultent. Elle devrait conduire, d'une part, à une pratique plus responsable dans le champ des recherches diachroniques et, d'autre part, au rétablissement de l'unité à l'intérieur de notre discipline. SUMMARY Some comparatists try to explain the changes whose results they observe in the languages with which they operate. But they are still reluctant to look for information and support for their hypotheses in directly accessible linguistic stages. Even attempts to reconstruct a continuum for each of these changes on record remain exceptional. The conception of a dynamic approach has led to the study of processes by observing the informants' diverging reactions on account of their age at the time of the investigation. The result is a better understanding of the functioning of language and the resulting evolution. The method should lead, on the one hand, toward a more responsible approach in the field of diachronic research, and, on the other, to restoring the unity of our discipline. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Einige vergleichende Sprachforscher versuchen die Veränderungen zu erklären, deren Ergenisse sie in den Sprachen beobachten, die sie be-handeln. Sie zeigen bisher jedoch wenig Neigung, Erklärungen oder Bestätigungen ihrer Hypothesen in direkt zugänglichen Sprachzuständen zu suchen. Selbst Versuche, ein Kontinuum fur jeden einzelnen fest-gestellten Wandel herzustellen, sind selten geblieben. Das Konzept eines dynamischen synchronischen Herangehens hat zum Studium von Pro-zessen geführt, indem die abweichenden Reaktionen der Informanten unter Bezugnahme auf ihr Alter zu Zeit der Untersuchung notiert worden sind. Das Ergebnis hat zu einem besseren Verständnis sprachlicher Funktionen gefiihrt und daraus folgenden Wandlungen. Eine solche Methode sollte einerseits zu einem verantwortung sbewussteren Herangehen im Bereich der diachronischen Forschung, anderseits aber auch dazu führen, die Einheit der Wissenschaft von der Sprache wiederherzustellen.

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