Demokratie im 21. Jahrhundert

2020 ◽  

Whereas democracy still seemed to be triumphantly sweeping the world before the turn of the century, today it finds itself under immense pressure, not only as a viable political system, but also as a theoretical and normative concept. The coronavirus crisis has underlined and accelerated these developments. There are manifold reasons for this, above all the fundamental changes the state and society have undergone in the face of globalisation, digitalisation, migration, climate change and not least the current pandemic, to name the most significant of them. This volume analyses the changes to democracy in the 21st century and the crises it has experienced. In doing so, the book identifies where action is needed, on the one hand, and investigates appropriate, up-to-date reforms and the prospects for politics, political communication and political education, on the other. With contributions by Ulrich von Alemann, Bernd Becker, Frank Brettschneider, Frank Decker, Claudio Franzius, Georg Paul Hefty, Andreas Kalina, Helmut Klages, Uwe Kranenpohl, Pola Lehmann, Linus Leiten, Dirk Lüddecke, Thomas Metz, Ursula Münch, Ursula Alexandra Ohliger, Veronika Ohliger, Rainer-Olaf Schultze, Peter Seyferth, Hans Vorländer, Uwe Wagschal, Thomas Waldvogel and Samuel Weishaupt

2013 ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Milan Mijalkovski ◽  
Veselin Konatar

The world has always been an arena where various conflicts, visible and invisible have been happening and unfortunately happen nowadays. The most frequent conflict is (was) the conflict of sovereign subjects (states), while the first decade of the 21st century was mostly marked by many asymmetrical conflicts, between a state (or states) on the one side and not sovereign terrorist subjects on the other side. Every imperilled state, as in any other conflict, has realistic prospects to successfully defend itself and win only when it is adequately informed about the aggressor which, in this particular case, implies terrorist collectivity. Guided by that knowledge, a state endeavours to develop adequate intelligence as an inseparable component of national power, whose success against aggressor, proven in practice, could be optimal, partially successful or weak (inadequate, unsuccessful etc). Accordingly, some aspects of national intelligence power and powerlessness against terrorism are considered in this work.


Author(s):  
Claudia Suely Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Maria das Graças Gonçalves Vieira Guerra ◽  
Emilia Maria da Trindade Prestes ◽  
Adriana Valeria Santos Diniz

O pensamento pedagógico de Paulo Freire, revelando ser a educação dialógica uma questão essencial para uma maior leitura crítica da realidade, continua inspirando pedagogos/as, filósofos/as e sociólogos/as da educação de diferentes contextos, como forma de responder aos questionamentos e desafios das realidades emergentes, nas dimensões educativa, política e social da práxis pedagógica. A atualização do seu pensamento inspira este artigo guiado pelo seguinte questionamento: Como, em um mundo multicultural, se revelam, de forma atualizada as ideias de Freire, tendo como arcabouço pedagógico e político o diálogo? A partir de fontes documental-bibliográficas, utilizando uma abordagem descritiva, o estudo realizou uma reflexão teórica sobre a reinterpretação do pensamento educativo de um dos pensadores mais citados em diferentes fontes de referência, no mundo na área das ciências humanas, no país e no exterior. No Brasil, as teorias baseadas no diálogo e na participação, oriundas de Paulo Freire, se por um lado se tornaram objeto de crítica e de perseguição; por outro, diante de uma situação de crise e de desalento, vem sendo adotadas e defendidas, com maior vigor, como uma vertente da inclusão e de democracia. Por fim, o artigo defende que a perspectiva pedagógica de Paulo Freire continua vigente, na busca de um mundo plural em que se demanda reconhecimento e autonomia. El pensamiento pedagógico de Paulo Freire, que revela que la educación dialógica es una cuestión esencial para una mayor lectura crítica de la realidad, sigue inspirando a pedagogos, filósofos y sociólogos de la educación de diferentes contextos, como una forma de responder a las preguntas y desafíos de las realidades emergentes, en las dimensiones educativas, políticas y sociales de la praxis pedagógica. La actualización de su pensamiento inspira este artículo guiado por la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo, en un mundo multicultural, se revelan las ideas de Freire de manera actualizada, teniendo como marco pedagógico y político el diálogo? A partir de fuentes documentales-bibliográficas y con un enfoque descriptivo, el estudio realizó una reflexión teórica sobre la reinterpretación del pensamiento educativo de uno de los pensadores más citados en diferentes fuentes de referencia, en el mundo de las ciencias humanas, en el país y en el extranjero. En Brasil, las teorías basadas en el diálogo y la participación, originales de Paulo Freire, se han convertido, por un lado, en objeto de crítica y persecución; por otro lado, ante una situación de crisis y desánimo, se han adoptado y defendido con mayor vigor como una vertiente de inclusión y democracia. Finalmente, el artículo defiende que la perspectiva pedagógica de Paulo Freire sigue vigente, en la búsqueda de un mundo plural en el que se exija reconocimiento y autonomía. Paulo Freire's pedagogical thought, which reveals that dialogical education is an essential issue for a greater critical reading of reality, continues to inspire pedagogues, philosophers and sociologists of education from different contexts, as a way of responding to the questions and challenges of emerging realities, in the educational, political and social dimensions of pedagogical praxis. The updating of his thinking inspires this article guided by the following question: How, in a multicultural world, are Freire's ideas revealed in an updated way, having dialogue as a pedagogical and political framework? Based on documentary-bibliographic sources and with a descriptive approach, the study made a theoretical reflection on the reinterpretation of the educational thought of one of the most cited thinkers in different reference sources, in the world of human sciences, in the country and abroad. In Brazil, the theories based on dialogue and participation, original to Paulo Freire, have become, on the one hand, the object of criticism and persecution; on the other hand, in the face of a situation of crisis and discouragement, they have been adopted and defended with greater vigor as an aspect of inclusion and democracy. Finally, the article argues that Paulo Freire's pedagogical perspective is still valid, in the search for a plural world in which recognition and autonomy are demanded.


2011 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 164-185
Author(s):  
Vincent Blok ◽  

In the twentieth century, the concept of the will appears in bad daylight. Martin Heideg-ger for instance criticizes the will as a movement of reducing otherness to sameness, dif-ference to identity. Since his diagnosis of the will, the releasement from a wilful manner of thinking and the exploration of the possibility of non-willing has become a prevalent issue in contemporary philosophy. This article questions whether this quietism is still possible in our times, were we are confronted with climate change and the future of mankind is fundamentally threatened. On the one hand, the human will to 'master‘ and 'exploit‘ the natural world can be seen as the root of the ecological crisis, as Heidegger observed. On the other hand, its current urgency forces us to evaluate the releasement of the will in contemporary philosophy. Because also Heidegger himself attempted to develop a proper concept of the will in the onset of the thirties, we start our inquiry with Heidegger‘s phenomenology of the will in the thirties. Although Heidegger was very critical about the concept of the will later on, we are not inclined to reject the concept of the will as he did eventually. In this article we show that Heidegger's criticism of the will is not phenomenologically motivated, and we will develop a proper post-Heideggerian concept of willing. Finally the question will be answerd whether this proper concept of willing can help us to find a solution for the ecological crisis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Michele Nicoletti

In introducing the inspiration behind and aims of the new Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica (Italian Journal of Political Philosophy), launched by the Italian Society for Political Philosophy, this editorial explores the relationship between politics and philosophy. As does all philosophy, political philosophy arises from the desire to understand what is new and to question existing reality. Political philosophy is thus political in a twofold sense: on the one hand, it is an act of freedom vis-à-vis existing power or knowledge, and, on the other, it is an attempt to establish social relations based on discursive reasoning, and on open participatory mechanisms for decision-making. This dual political attitude is ever more vital in the face of challenges to contemporary societies, such as climate change, migratory movements, dramatic inequalities, and the apparatus of surveillance. Eschewing a philosophy of distraction and non-engagement, political philosophy (and this Journal) endorses the idea of another, “more civic”, philosophy, one which is committed to the opening of new spaces of personal and collective freedom. This Journal intends to nurture the dialogue between Italian and international philosophical-political communities, showing the richness of Italian discussion, and highlighting some of the most authoritative international scholars. 


2019 ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Ivana Odža

The paper analyses, in the context of Dragojla Jarnević’s Diary, the concept of democratism from the authoress’ viewpoint of the world regarding the liberal values that represent foundation of democracy. Considering the problems related to the issue of contemporary democracies eminent intellectuals of the 20th and 21st century have expressed a line of doubts and objections, thereby threatening the concept of democracy, or twisting democracy in its own contradictions. In retrospect, during Dragojla Jarnević’s lifetime and work, there was an evident complexity and ambivalence of disseminating liberal ideas in the area of today´s Croatia. Shaping and expressing of Dragojla Jarnević’s democratic views shows that it is possible to interpret democracy from different points of view – on the one hand, it is the best social model, on the other hand, it sometimes transforms in its contradiction. Certain contradictions are observed in Jarnević’s personality, however, her personality eventually reveals a brave and democratic (literature) subject.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Michele Nicoletti

In introducing the project of the Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica (Italian Journal of Political Philosophy), launched by the Italian Society for Political Philosophy, this editorial explores the relationship between politics and philosophy. As with philosophy itself, political philosophy arises from the desire to understand what is new and to question existing reality. Political philosophy is thus political in a twofold sense: on the one hand, it is an act of freedom vis-à-vis existing power or knowledge, and, on the other, it is an attempt to establish social relations based on discursive rationality, and on open participatory mechanisms for decision-making. This dual political attitude is even more essential in the face of challenges to contemporary societies, such as climate change, migratory movements, dramatic inequalities, and the apparatus of surveillance. Avoiding the risk of a “philosophy of distraction or non-engagement”, political philosophy (and this Journal) endorses the idea of another, “more civic”, philosophy, one which is committed to the opening of new spaces of personal and collective freedom. This Journal intends to nurture the dialogue between Italian and international philosophical-political communities, showing the richness of Italian discussion, and highlighting some of the most authoritative international scholars. 


1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Mauricio Solaun ◽  
Fernando Cepeda

The Colombian political system has been characterized by a duality. On the one hand, there are recurrent fears-and these perceptions are held even by outsiders—that the political system is on the verge of total collapse and disruption. On the other hand, when measured in terms of the continuity and survival of the traditional civilian elite and the actual challenge posed by counter-elites, the Colombia system has been relatively stable. In effect, since the turn of the century, Colombia's ruling group has been renovated by the cooptation of new elements by the ruling elite. The bulk of these new members has been young individuals fairly well integrated within the values and norms of the establishment. Although some social change has occurred and there has been some upward mobility (for the best general treatment of Colombian twentieth-century politics, see Dix, 1967), the resilience of the Colombian upper class can be illustrated with two cases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Yang Mei

In the face of climate change, it is urgent to transform the energy system. Germany has played an important role in the development of renewable energy. Hence, it is necessary to figure out why Germany makes structural change in its energy sector in order to have a better understand on the current situation and the future development of renewable energy. Adopting the theory of interdependence, this paper analyzes the motivation of Germany’s energy transition. It demonstrates that Germany on the one hand endeavors to reduce its energy dependence on other countries and increase other countries’ dependence on it in the field of renewable energy, on the other hand. Thereby Germany would get more advantage in international negotiation and competition. This paper reveals the principle of interdependence in energy transition, which provides a new perspective to discuss the politics of climate change.


Res Publica ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Peter Van Aelst ◽  
Stefaan Walgrave

All major post-Worldwar political conflicts that made up the face of Belgian polities, were accompagnied by massive protests and intensive demonstration waves. Analysis of newspapers coverage and of the gendarmerie archives confirms this for the nineties. The 1990-1997 period is marked by an increasing number of demonstrations and demonstrators. The disappearance of the ideological and cultural-linguistical actions was, on the one hand, made up for by the further rising of other issues (environmental, anti-racist, judicial, .. .), and on the other hand by the near institutionalisation of very classic issues like education or employment, who both secured their place on the street. There is no ground to call the 1990's dull, on the contrary: the number of demonstrations grew steadily and, especially in Flanders, Inglehart's Silent Revolution of Postmaterialist values took to the streets. The wider acceptance of demonstrations as a means of actions, the growing political alienation, and the greater openness of the political system are presented as plausible explanations.


Africa ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart von Sydow

At first sight this sub-title may appear somewhat paradoxical, for what could be in greater contrast than the things denoted by the words ‘primitive’ and ‘European’? On the one hand, civilization with its highly developed technical methods in everything practical and theoretical, on the other, the world of simplicity in all practical activities. There—a mighty movement of expansion, irresistibly drawing into its sphere of influence all primitive life, to transform or destroy it, and in either case to make what remains of the primitive peoples and their countries do it service; here—vain resistance against the superior strength of the European, or the doubtful attempt to conform to European ideals. In the face of successful colonization by the cultured races of Europe, the last thing to be expected was any influence on Europe by the primitive peoples. Nevertheless, such an influence certainly exists, and that in the realm of art. After the period of realistic Impressionism in the last decades of the nineteenth century, a strong movement flowed through the art world of Europe, finding its most permanent expression as Futurism in Italy, Cubism in France, and Expressionism in Germany. This movement in Germany, in opposition to Realism, made it one of its principles to observe and express not the external but the interior world, while in France the desire for bold drawing of a decorative character prevailed. Both tendencies culminated in an art movement which felt for the primitive works of art a sympathy due to a sense of relationship: the Cubist appreciated their inherent architectural character, and the Expressionists the mystic emotional content.


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