scholarly journals Natural 3-valued logics—characterization and proof theory

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Avron
Keyword(s):  
Proof Theory ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Paraconsistent Logic ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Correctness Of Programs ◽  
Fruitful Research

Many-valued logics in general and 3-valued logic in particular is an old subject which had its beginning in the work of Łukasiewicz [Łuk]. Recently there is a revived interest in this topic, both for its own sake (see, for example, [Ho]), and also because of its potential applications in several areas of computer science, such as proving correctness of programs [Jo], knowledge bases [CP] and artificial intelligence [Tu]. There are, however, a huge number of 3-valued systems which logicians have studied throughout the years. The motivation behind them and their properties are not always clear, and their proof theory is frequently not well developed. This state of affairs makes both the use of 3-valued logics and doing fruitful research on them rather difficult.Our first goal in this work is, accordingly, to identify and characterize a class of 3-valued logics which might be called natural. For this we use the general framework for characterizing and investigating logics which we have developed in [Av1]. Not many 3-valued logics appear as natural within this framework, but it turns out that those that do include some of the best known ones. These include the 3-valued logics of Łukasiewicz, Kleene and Sobociński, the logic LPF used in the VDM project, the logic RM3 from the relevance family and the paraconsistent 3-valued logic of [dCA]. Our presentation provides justifications for the introduction of certain connectives in these logics which are often regarded as ad hoc. It also shows that they are all closely related to each other. It is shown, for example, that Łukasiewicz 3-valued logic and RM3 (the strongest logic in the family of relevance logics) are in a strong sense dual to each other, and that both are derivable by the same general construction from, respectively, Kleene 3-valued logic and the 3-valued paraconsistent logic.

Conducting and Superhydrophobic Hybrid 2D Material from Coronene and Pyrene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothibabu Sajila Arya ◽  
Malay Krishna Mahato ◽  
Sethuraman Sankararaman ◽  
Prasad Edamana
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
2D Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Recent Addition

Graphdiyne, a recent addition to the family of 2D covalent organic nanosheet structure, is known for its structural stability and potential applications in catalysis, sensors, electronics and optoelectronics. Design and...

scholarly journals Composite Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Nanofibers Embedding Differently-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles: Preparation and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Andrea Dodero ◽  
Maila Castellano ◽  
Paola Lova ◽  
Massimo Ottonelli ◽  
Elisabetta Brunengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Gold Nanostructures ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Spherical Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Perspective

Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous mats containing ad hoc synthesized gold nanostructures were prepared via a single-step electrospinning procedure and investigated as a novel composite platform with several potential applications. Specifically, the effect of differently shaped and sized gold nanostructures on the resulting mat physical-chemical properties was investigated. In detail, nearly spherical nanoparticles and nanorods were first synthesized through a chemical reduction of gold precursors in water by using (hexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide as the stabilizing agent. These nanostructures were then dispersed in poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solutions to prepare nanofibrous mats, which were then stabilized via a humble thermal treatment able to enhance their thermal stability and water resistance. Remarkably, the nanostructure type was proven to influence the mesh morphology, with the small spherical nanoparticles and the large nanorods leading to thinner well defined or bigger defect-rich nanofibers, respectively. Finally, the good mechanical properties shown by the prepared composite mats suggest their ease of handleability thereby opening new perspective applications.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga dalam Implementasi Teknologi Pengolahan Sumber Karbohidrat Nonberas dan Penganekaragaman Pangan Nonterigu untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Rudiati Evi Masithoh ◽  
Heni Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Community may be involved in food security program by utilizing local based food materials in their surrounding areas. Potency of local food in Indonesia can be used as an alternative for the staple food. Te huge number of housewives in Yogyakarta can support the family economy or reduce the household budget through the use of local food sources. Tis community service activities aiemed at providing an understanding of processing technology of non-rice and non wheat food resources to be utilized to achieve food security and improve household economy. Outcomes of this activity are non-rice food products as carbohydrates source and non - grain food diversifcation, an improved understanding of food processing technology, as well as increased understanding of marketing and entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Improving Delay-Based Data Dissemination Protocol in VANETs with Network Coding

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan H. Mirani ◽  
Anthony Busson ◽  
Cedric Adjih
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hoc Networks

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), for a large number of applications, the destination of relevant information such as alerts, is the whole set of vehicles located inside a given area. Therefore dissemination with efficient broadcast is an essential communication primitive. One of the families of broadcast protocols suitable for such networks, is the family of delay-based broadcast protocols, where farthest receivers retransmit first and where transmissions also act as implicit acknowledgements. For lossless networks, such protocols may approach the optimum efficiency. However with realistic loss models of VANET wireless communication, their performance is noticeably degraded. This is because packet losses have a double effect: directly on the amount of successfully received packets and indirectly with implicit acknowledgement misses. In this article, in order to combat the effects of packet losses, we combine delay-based broadcast with network coding, through a new protocol: Delay-based Opportunistic Network Coding protocol (DONC). By design, DONC aims at cancelling the twofold effects of packet and implicit acknowledgement losses. We describe the details of the DONC protocol, and we study its behavior, with realistic models and simulations. Results illustrate the excellent performance of the protocol.

Some challenges in the naming and measuring of nanocellulose

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 4671-4674
Author(s):  
Yian Chen ◽  
Cunzhi Zhang ◽  
Haisong Qi ◽  
Martin A. Hubbe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Degree Of Branching ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Inherent Strength ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Aspect Ratio Distribution

Due to its renewable nature, its inherent strength, and many other favorable attributes, nanocellulose (NC) has drawn increasing attention for many potential applications. A diverse and complex assortment of NC products have been reported, and these are most commonly classified based on some contrasting procedures of preparation. The research community is facing a continuing challenge to adequately measure and quantify morphological features of various NC products. In principle, it ought to be possible to quantify and name NC based on such attributes as “degree of branching,” “breadth of particle size,” and “aspect ratio distribution,” etc. However, the ability to measure and compute such quantities still lies beyond what can be achieved in practical amounts of time in typical laboratories. Meanwhile, there has been tension between researchers proposing additional descriptive names, while at the same time there have been efforts at achieving uniformity and simplicity in nomenclature. It is proposed in this essay that this state of affairs is largely a reflection of complexity itself, such that NC products that have the same nominal description can be very different from each other when examined closely. The diversity itself may turn out to be a good thing, as researchers work to come up with varieties of NC that can survive an expected relentless competition from existing plastic-based or cellulose-based materials.

Vehicular Cloud Computing

2014 ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Ali Safa Sadiq ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Cloud ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles’ high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

5. The Roman Family

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-150
Author(s):  
Paul J. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Male Line ◽  
State Of Affairs

This chapter is devoted to the Roman law of persons and family. As in modern legal studies, so in Roman law, it is the first branch of private law that students are taught, primarily in order to understand the concept of ‘legal personhood’. This chapter covers the paterfamilias (head of the household); marriage and divorce; adoption; and guardianship. The head of the household was the eldest living male ancestor of a specific family. He had in his power (potestas) all descendants traced through the male line (and also exercised forms of control over other members of the household). Roman law accorded the head of the household extensive legal entitlements, not only vis-à-vis the members of the household, but also its property. The motivation of this state of affairs lies in the recognition in Roman law of the family unit as legally significant entity.

Porosity content control of CoCrMo and titanium parts by Taguchi method applied to selective laser melting process parameter

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Joguet ◽  
Sophie Costil ◽  
Hanlin Liao ◽  
Yoann Danlos
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Applications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper consists in the optimization and understanding of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) manufacturing process of biomaterials, such as T40 and CoCrMo, as scaffolds. Moreover, process optimization is also challenging, with regards to the huge number of parameters and their influence on the finished product. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for an exploratory study using Taguchi analysis method to precisely identify the most relevant parameters and justify the energy estimation. Findings – The study showed that SLM fits perfectly with the T40 and CoCrMo part manufacturing. This method allowed to have a complete overview of all the potential applications of SLM for implant manufacturing. Originality/value – With this research approach, the results may be generalized to other material and showed a good theoretical approach.

Imagining Justice for Syria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Van Schaack
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Community ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Justice Program ◽  
State Of Affairs

This book situates the war in Syria within the actual and imagined system of international criminal justice. It explores the legal impediments and diplomatic challenges that have led to the fatal trinity that is Syria: the massive commission of international crimes that are subject to detailed investigations and documentation but whose perpetrators have enjoyed virtually complete impunity. The book tracks a number of accountability solutions to this tragic state of affairs that are being explored within multilateral gatherings, by states, and by civil society actors, including innovations of institutional design; the reactivation of a range of domestic jurisdictional principles (including universal jurisdiction in Europe); the emergence of creative investigative and documentation techniques, technologies, and organizations; and the rejection of state consent as a precondition for the exercise of jurisdiction. Engaging both law and policy around international justice, the text offers a set of justice blueprints, within and without the International Criminal Court. It also considers the utility, propriety, and practicality of establishing an ad hoc tribunal and pursuing a transitional justice program without a genuine political transition. All told, the book attempts to capture the creative energy radiating from members of the international community intent on advancing the accountability norm in Syria even in the face of geopolitical blockages within the U.N. Security Council. In so doing, it presents the range of juridical measures—both criminal and civil—that are available to the international community to respond to the crisis, if only the political will existed.

scholarly journals Microstructural Study of CMR Films as a Function of Growth Temperature, As-Deposited and Annealed

1995 ◽  
Vol 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Hawley ◽  
X. D. Wu ◽  
P. N. Arendt ◽  
C. D. Adams ◽  
M. F. Hundley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Colossal Magnetoresistive ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complex Metal Oxides ◽  
Potential Applications

AbstractThe properties encompassed by the family of complex metal oxides span the spectrum from superconductors to insulating ferroelectrics. Included in this family are the new colossal magnetoresistive perovskites with potential applications in advanced high density magnetic data storage devices based on single or multilayer thin films units of these materials fabricated by vapor phase deposition (PVD) methods. The realization of this potential requires solving basic thin film materials problems requiring understanding and controlling the growth of these materials. Toward this end, we have grown La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 on LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser and RF sputter deposition at temperatures from 500° C to 900° C and annealed at over 900° C for about 10 hours. The evolution of the microstructure of these films was studied by scanning probe microscopies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results of SPM characterization showed that at the lower end of the growth temperature range, the as-grown films were polygranular with grain size increasing with temperature. The 500° C as-grown films appeared to be amorphous while the 750° C film grains were layered with terrace steps often one unit cell high. In contrast, films grown at 900° C consisted of coalesced islands with some 3-D surface crystals. After annealing, all films had coalesced into very large extended layered islands. The change in microstructure was reflected in a decreased resistivity of coalesced films over their unannealed granular precursors. Previous reported work on the growth of La0.84 Sr0.16MnO3 and La0.8Sr0 2CoO3 grown demonstrated the sensitivity of the microstructure to substrate and deposition conditions. Films grown on an “accidental” vicinal surface grew by a step flow mechanism.

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