Sex Education: A Guide for Parents, Teachers, and Youth Leaders. By Cyril Bibby. New York: Emerson Books, Inc., 1946. 311 pp. $2.50

Background: While comprehensive evidence exists regarding negative effects of depression on self-care behaviours in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), the relation between anxiety and self-care behaviours in patients with CHF is not clear. The aim of this study was to analyse the interactions between anxiety, depression and self-care behaviours in patients with CHF. Methods: The self-care behaviour of CHF outpatients was measured using the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was used to assess anxiety, the PHQ-9 was used to measure depression severity. Differences between patients with and without anxiety were assessed with the respective tests. Associations between anxiety, self-care and other predictors were analysed using linear regressions. Results: Of the 308 participating patients, 35 (11.4%) fulfilled the PHQ criteria for an anxiety disorder. These patients took antidepressants more frequently (11.8% versus 2.3%, p = .02), had had more contacts with their general practitioner within the last year (11.8 ± 16.1 versus 6.7 ± 8.6, p = .02), and had a higher PHQ-9 depression score (12.9 ± 5.7 versus 6.5 ± 4.7, p < .01) than patients without anxiety disorder. Anxiety and self-care were negatively associated (ß = −0.144, r2 = 0.021, p = 0.015). The explanation of variance was augmented in a multivariate regression with the predictors age, sex, education, living with a partner, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ( r2 = 0.098) when anxiety was added ( r2 = 0.112). Depression further increased the explanation of variance (ß = −0.161, r2 = 0.131, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Anxiety is negatively associated with self-care behaviour in patients with CHF. However, this effect disappears behind the stronger influence of depression on self-care. The consideration of mental comorbidities in patients with CHF is important.

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SELECTED SOCIAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND MEDICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMIPAROUS 12–16-YEAR-OLD GIRLS (NEWBURGH, NEW YORK)

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.36.3.394 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 394-401

Author(s):

J. Philip Keeve

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Sex Education ◽

Extracurricular Activities ◽

Medical Records ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

School Age ◽

Community Attitudes ◽

Education And Health ◽

Life Education

The fertility rate of a school-age population-at-risk in a community of moderate size (Newburgh, New York, and environs) based on hospital records for the period 1959-1963 appears to be stable at approximately 10% of 12-16-year-old girls. A detailed review of academic and medical records confirms the sociomedical and educational profile previously documented by others, and shows no unique conformation characteristic of the community nor did an individual predictive profile emerge which might make this population especially identifiable for screening or prevention programs. It is hoped that community attitudes toward social and economic poverty can be altered enough to cease punitive measures such as withholding education and public assistance from these girls. These approaches appear to be an organized escape-into-ignorance behavioral pattern whereby the community prohibits hospital-based family-planning clinics or any teaching resembling sex education in the schools, fearing that these activities may be interpreted as sanctioning and encouraging illegitimacy. Surely the time has come to re-evaluate our public education and health practices toward a problem inexorably linked to population growth and increasing public-health education. More knowledge is needed regarding dating and supervision of teen-agers. This study does indicate that the potentially pregnant school-age girl tends not to participate in organized extracurricular activities, so that community efforts to supply "family-life" education through girls' clubs, neighborhood and church groups, Y.W.C.A., and similar organizations will fail to attract the very population it is designed to reach. The school must prepare to accept this role realistically since informal educational experience does not meet the needs of these girls.

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COUNSELING OPPORTUNITIES IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.3.492 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 492-492

Author(s):

Sprague W. Hazard ◽

V. Robert Allen ◽

Victor Eisner ◽

Dale C. Garell ◽

S. L. Hammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Sex Education ◽

Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽

Close Association ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Human Reproduction ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Inborn Errors ◽

Contraceptive Devices ◽

Wide Range

Problems relating to human reproduction are among the critical issues of our time, and it is appropriate that pediatricians contribute to the solution of these problems. The changing dimensions of comprehensive pediatric care, more specifically the significant numbers of pregnancies being reported in young persons, support this position. For example, national statistics show that 44% of all pregnancies occur in persons under 20, and one out of four mothers on Aid to Families with Dependent Children in New York is pregnant before 16. At least four roles can be identified for the pediatrician: 1. Genetic counseling: the pediatrician has already become proficient in giving knowledge to parents of the incidence of inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal abnormalities, and other problems associated with genetic inheritance patterns. 2. Sex education: he often provides sex education to individual patients, families, and parents, in addition to teaching groups in his own practice and in schools, churches, or youth organizations. 3. Family planning and pregnancy counseling: he may provide assistance in these areas in behalf of the parents or adolescents. This assistance may involve a wide range of clinical advice and treatment, including the concept of spacing (rhythm method), contraceptive devices, or oral medication, whatever is considered most suitable for the individual. All alternatives for dealing with an unwanted pregnancy should be seriously discussed with the teenage girl and the other persons involved, including the parents if feasible. The pediatrician is in a unique position by the nature of his close association and relationship with the adolescent patient to provide this important personal service.

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Everyday Discrimination Experience and Depressive Symptoms in Urban Black, Guyanese, Hispanic, and White Adults

Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association ◽

10.1177/1078390318814620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 445-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akiko S. Hosler ◽

Jamie R. Kammer ◽

Xiao Cong

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sex Education ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Major Depressive Symptoms ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Everyday Discrimination

BACKGROUND: Discrimination experience is a stressor that may disproportionately affect the mental health of minority populations. AIMS: We examined the association between discrimination experience and depressive symptoms among four urban racial/ethnic groups. METHOD: Cross-sectional community-based health survey data for Black ( n = 434), Guyanese ( n = 180), Hispanic ( n = 173), and White ( n = 809) adults aged ⩾18 years were collected in Schenectady, New York, in 2013. Discrimination experience was measured with the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), and depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. Logistic regression models for the association between EDS and major depressive symptoms (CES-D ⩾ 16) were fitted for each racial/ethnic group. The final model adjusted for age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol binge drinking, emotional/social support, and perceived stress. RESULTS: The mean EDS scores varied significantly across groups ( p < .001), with 2.6 in Hispanics, 2.2 in Whites, 2.0 in Blacks, and 1.1 in the Guyanese. There was a consistent and significant independent association between EDS and major depressive symptoms in the crude model and at each step of covariate adjustment in each group. Fully adjusted odds ratios were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI; 1.16, 1.41]) in Blacks, 1.83 in the Guyanese [1.36, 2.47], 1.23 in Hispanics [1.07, 1.41], and 1.24 [1.16, 1.33] in Whites. The presence of covariates did not significantly modify the main effect in each group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that discrimination experience can be one of the fundamental social causes of depression. It may be feasible to assess discrimination experience as a risk factor of depression in individuals of all racial/ethnic backgrounds.

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“We Can't Let Chicago Outdo Us, Can We?” Sex Education and Desegregation in New York City's Public Schools

History of Education Quarterly ◽

10.1111/hoeq.12033 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 335-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kurt Conklin

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Public Schools ◽

School Board ◽

Sex Education ◽

School Desegregation ◽

Board Of Education ◽

Biology Students ◽

Pregnant Students ◽

Racial Desegregation ◽

The 1960S

Faced with demands for racial desegregation of its public schools, and grasping at half measures to appear responsive, New York City's Board of Education took action in 1967 by ending medical discharges for unwed pregnant students and authorizing the curriculum “Family Living, Including Sex Education.” Approving sex education in part to avoid action on school desegregation, Gotham's school board relied on a resolution written by a parent advocacy group in 1939—a resolution the 1939 school board had rejected following months of debate on the merits of providing instruction on mammalian reproduction for junior high biology students. By the time the Board of Education revisited the issue of sex education in the 1960s, popular understanding of sexuality and sex education had changed considerably. Yet the resolution supporting sex education, submitted by the city's United Parents' Associations (UPA), had not changed at all.

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Hypertension Prevalence in New York City Adults: Unmasking Undetected Racial/Ethnic Variation, NYC HANES 2004

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.26.3.339 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 339 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ashley E. Giambrone ◽

Linda M. Gerber ◽

Jesica S. Rodriguez-Lopez ◽

Chau Trinh-Shervin ◽

Nadia Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Sex Education ◽

York City ◽

South Asians ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ethnic Subgroups ◽

Nyc Hanes ◽

Racial Ethnic

Objective: Using 2004 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) data, we sought to examine variation in hypertension (HTN) prevalence across eight Asian and Hispanic subgroups. Design: Cross-sectional Setting: New York City, 2004 Main Outcome Measures: Logistic regression was performed to identify differences in HTN prevalence between ethnic subgroups controlling for age, sex, education and BMI. Results: Overall HTN prevalence among NYC adults was 25.5% (95% CI: 23.4-27.8), with 21.1% (95% CI: 18.2-24.3) among Whites, 32.8% (95% CI: 28.7-37.2) Black, 26.4% (95% CI: 22.3-31.0) Hispanics, and 24.7% (95% CI: 19.9-30.3) Asians. Among Hispanic subgroups, Dominicans had the highest HTN prevalence (32.2%), followed by Puerto Ricans (27.7%), while Mexicans had the lowest prevalence (8.1%). Among Asian subgroups, HTN prevalence was slightly higher among South Asians (29.9%) than among Chinese (21.3%). Adjusting for age, Dominican adults were nearly twice as likely to have HTN as non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.24-3.12), but this was attenuated after adjusting for sex and education (OR=1.27, 95% CI: .76 – 2.12). When comparing South Asians with NH Whites, results were also non-significant after adjustment (OR=2.00, 95% CI: .90-4.43). Conclusion: When analyzing racial/ethnic subgroups, NH Black and Hispanic adults from Dominican Republic had the highest HTN prevalence followed by South Asian and Puerto Rican adults. Mexican adults had the lowest prevalence of all groups. These findings highlight that ethnic subgroup differences go undetected when stratified by broader racial/ ethnic categories. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study using objective measures to highlight these differences. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):339-344; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.339

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“Kids Know What They Are Doing”: Peer-Led Sex Education in New York City

History of Education Quarterly ◽

10.1017/heq.2019.41 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 501-527

Author(s):

Lisa M. F. Andersen

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Young People ◽

Sex Education ◽

Peer Education ◽

Board Of Education ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

History Of ◽

The City ◽

Information Project

The reasons for peer education's ascendance as a core pedagogy in sex education are as much historical as they are reasonable or ethical. This article traces the history of peer-led sex education from the 1970s to the 1990s against the backdrop of New York City's financial ruin, social unrest, and a public health crisis. Starting with an analysis of the Student Coalition for Relevant Sex Education's Peer Information Project, founded in 1974, it investigates the application of new pedagogical techniques, the interplay between pedagogy and bureaucracy, and the transformation of school culture. Peer education thrived when educators and activists agreed that young people were more likely to accept advice from other young people, a reasonable contention that was nonetheless underassessed. Yet peer education's least intriguing attribute proved to be its most important characteristic: it could be quickly and inexpensively enacted. When HIV/AIDS began to decimate New York City's adolescent population, and the Board of Education proved slow and contradictory in its actions, the city turned to peer education, henceforth coupling the concepts of sex education and peer education.

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