Pink Chert, Projectile Points, and the Chacoan Regional System

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Great House ◽  
New Models ◽  
Regional System ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
Made In

The most unusual aspect of chipped stone in Chaco Canyon is that materials were imported from a considerable distance but used almost exclusively as informal flake tools. Narbona Pass chert from the Chuska Mountains, 75 km away, is the most common nonlocal material found during the Chacoan Era (A.D. 900-1150). There are relatively few number of formal tools found in the Canyon, primarily projectile points, and a significant number of these do not seem to have been made in Chaco. New models of the organization of production offered by Earle, Hagstrum, Peregrine, and Renfrew (this issue) are evaluated using chipped-stone data collected by the Chaco Project during the 1970s. Chipped-stone data support the suggestion made by these scholars that great houses in Chaco Canyon were the focus of periodic communal gatherings. Deposition of quantities of Narbona Pass chert debitage in great house trash middens was apparently a ceremonial aspect of these gatherings, perhaps related to Puebloan concepts of renewal. Some projectile points appear to have been deposited in great house rooms or kivas as ritual offerings.

The Chaco Pilgrimage Model: Evaluating the Evidence From Pueblo Alto

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Plog ◽  
Adam S. Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Deposition Patterns ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Great House ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Refuse Disposal

AbstractMost recent attempts to understand the complex nature of the prehispanic occupation of Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico often have postulated that the canyon was a center for pilgrimage fairs and ceremonies that attracted hundreds if not thousands of individuals from the surrounding region who may have resided in the canyon for significant periods of time. Scholars first proposed this model in the 1980s based on what they perceived as the unusual nature of Pueblo Alto, a Chacoan great house. In particular, they suggested that normal household activity and refuse disposal could not explain the deposition patterns in the Alto trash mound, the unusual number of ceramic vessels, and characteristics of the fauna recovered from the settlement. We evaluate this argument focusing primarily on the ceramic and faunal evidence and conclude that neither the ceramic nor the faunal data support the occurrence of periodic fairs, festivals, dances or pilgrimages of the scale that have been postulated.

Chimney Rock and the Ontology of Skyscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McKim Malville
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Great House ◽  
Regional System ◽  
Initial Identification ◽  
Taos Pueblo

Because of its architectural style and excellent masonry, the Great House of Chimney Rock in southwestern Colorado has been identified as one of some 225 outliers of the Chaco Regional System. Located just below the spectacular double rock towers, the Great House is set in a dramatic and unique skyscape containing a number of sight-lines to extremes of the Sun and Moon. Once considered important as a calendrical station, which communicated astronomical information southward to Chaco Canyon, the Great House may have been primarily important as a place for viewing the juxtaposition of the gods of earth and sky, a theophany similar to that of darśan of India. This paper proposes that the initial identification of a number of skyscapes as horizon calendars and calendrical stations should be reconsidered in the perspective of animism and alternate ontologies. Construction of the Great House may have been initiated by the local community and accomplished with the help of masons from its closest neighbour the Great House of Salmon. The area appears to have become a pilgrimage centre in its own right, not under hegemonic control of the powerful elites of Chaco Canyon. Rejection of the Chacoan influence is indicated by the construction by the local community of a structure that restricted entry to the area of the Great House. The decline of Chimney Rock as a pilgrimage centre sometime after 1093 AD was accompanied by the abandonment of the Salmon Great House, the breakup up of a trade network, and out-migration to the Taos Pueblo.

Colour and Directional Symbolism in Ancestral Pueblo Radial Offerings from Chaco Canyon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Hannah V. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
American Southwest ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
Ancestral Pueblo ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Regional System ◽  
Roof Support

Dedicatory offerings of small colourful objects are often found in pre-Hispanic architectural contexts in the Ancestral Pueblo region of the American Southwest. These deposits are particularly numerous in the roof support pillars of circular ritual structures (kivas) at the site of Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, which served as the ceremonial hub of the Chacoan regional system between the tenth and twelfth centuries ce. Based on the importance of directionality and colour in traditional Pueblo worldviews, archaeologists speculate that the contents of these radial offerings may likewise reference significant Chacoan cosmographic elements. In this paper, I explore this idea by examining the distribution of colours and materials in kiva pilaster repositories in relation to directional quadrants, prominent landscape features, and raw material sources. I discuss the results in the context of Pueblo cosmology and assemblage theory, arguing that particular colours were polyvalent and relational, deriving their meanings from their positions within interacting and heterogenous assemblages.

Sacred Earthen Architecture in the Northern Southwest: The Bluff Great House Berm

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Great House ◽  
Earthen Architecture ◽  
Bluff Great House ◽  
Ritual Architecture

This article reports on the excavation of a “berm”—an earthen mound that surrounds the Bluff Great House in southeastern Utah. Comparisons are made to Chacoan-era (A.D. 850–1150) great house mounds in Chaco Canyon and to other berms and mounds at great houses throughout the Chacoan region. Great house mounds in Chaco Canyon and berms outside Chaco Canyon are assumed to have been ritual architecture, and continuity in the use of mounded earth and trash as a sacred place of deposit is traced through time from the Pueblo 1 period to modern Pueblos. The Bluff berm does not seem to have been constructed as the result of ceremonial gatherings (as has been suggested for the great house mounds in Chaco Canyon), but there is intriguing evidence that it continued to be used into the post-Chacoan era (A.D. 1150–1300), perhaps as a result of a restructuring or revival of Chacoan ideas in the northern San Juan region. Examination of the spatial distribution of berms suggests that they are most common at great houses south and west of Chaco Canyon; the northern San Juan region, where Bluff is located, has far fewer such features, possibly because the revival of Chacoan ideas in this region was short-lived.

The Earliest Cultures in the Western United States

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Projectile Point ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Point Types ◽  
Geological Position

AbstractNearly all writers on the antiquity of man in America assume that the oldest archaeological sites contain chipped-stone projectile points and therefore cannot exceed an age of some 12,000 to 15,000 years, the estimates usually given to such projectile-point types as Sandia and Clovis. Suggestions of older sites, with radiocarbon dates ranging from some 21,000 years to as much as “greater than 37,000 years,” with simpler artifacts and an absence of stone projectile points, are generally viewed with suspicion if not abhorrence.A recent paper by E. H. Sellards considers seven localities in the western United States and Baja California which, because of geological position and radiocarbon dates, are probably too old to contain stone projectile points. The writer agrees with Sellards that these localities are archaeological (except for that at Texas Street in San Diego, California), but disagrees that those in coastal locations are different from those in inland locations for “ecological” reasons such as food supply and availability of stone. The differences may be explained in that those sites on the shores of extinct lakes were never covered by overburden, whereas those which were covered by alluvium or sand are known to us now only by varying amounts of exposure by erosion or excavation (or both).

scholarly journals Accuracy of the typological classifications of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene osseous projectile points according to the new AMS dates of selected artifacts from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Orłowska ◽  
Grzegorz Osipowicz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Given ◽  
Made In

AbstractLate Glacial and Early Holocene bone and antler artifacts are recovered from all over the Polish Lowland. Elements of projectile weaponry, in the form of various points made of osseous raw materials, were an important part of hunter-gatherer equipment of that time. We present the results of AMS dating of a unique collection of thirteen artifacts that had previously been chrono-culturally attributed by means of relative dating using typological approaches only. The results obtained are considered alongside current knowledge and typological arrangements for these types of tools in Europe. We also attempt to determine the interpretative potential of the technological studies to which the discussed osseous points were subjected in terms of possibly identifying processing techniques that can be specific to the given periods of the Stone Age. Suggestions made in this respect are verified through the radiocarbon dating results.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN APLIKASI MOBILE CATALOG MODEL RAMBUT DENGAN MENERAPKAN ALGORITMA CROCHEMORE PERRIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hardiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
New Models ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

In modern times, barbershop aka men's shaving places is the main choice of modern men to style their hair. The results showed that the popularity of Barbershop itself is due to the trend of the haircut, the classic hairdo. Classic hairstyle trends are also supported by the media which has a positive impact on popularity, hair fashion as a priority, knowledge about fashion is getting better, pomade trends. In general, customers want to get the best quality of services provided.Changes in customer haircuts or Barbershop customers are usually caused by changing trends or because they want to find new models that are more age-appropriate. The haircut catalog is a book that contains information on various haircut models that are made in the form of pictures and names of haircuts, where the names of haircuts are generally made in English.The problem that can occur in cutting hair is the lack of desires of the customer to the results of the hair stylist cut, it happens because the customer does not understand or do not remember the name of the desired haircut model. Crochemore Perrin's algorithm factored the right pattern so that pattern = right pattern left pattern. The matching phase of this algorithm consists of two parts, first matching the right pattern character from left to right, then matching the left pattern from right to left.Keywords: Barbershop, Android, Catalog, Crochemore Perrin

scholarly journals Convergence of Evidence Supports a Chuska Mountains Origin for the Plaza Tree of Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-346
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Guiterman ◽  
Christopher H. Baisan ◽  
Nathan B. English ◽  
Jay Quade ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Strontium Isotopes ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The West ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Great House ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

The iconic Plaza Tree of Pueblo Bonito is widely believed to have been a majestic pine standing in the west courtyard of the monumental great house during the peak of the Chaco Phenomenon (AD 850–1140). The ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) log was discovered in 1924, and since then, it has been included in “birth” and “life” narratives of Pueblo Bonito, although these ideas have not been rigorously tested. We evaluate three potential growth origins of the tree (JPB-99): Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, or a distant mountain range. Based on converging lines of evidence—documentary records, strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr), and tree-ring provenance testing—we present a new origin for the Plaza Tree. It did not grow in Pueblo Bonito or even nearby in Chaco Canyon. Rather, JPB-99 originated from the Chuska Mountains, over 50 km west of Chaco Canyon. The tree was likely carried to Pueblo Bonito sometime between AD 1100 and 1130, although why it was left in the west courtyard, what it meant, and how it might have been used remain mysteries. The origin of the Plaza Tree of Pueblo Bonito underscores deep cultural and material ties between the Chaco Canyon great houses and the Chuska landscape.

4 Chipped Stone Tools

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Roberta S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Elementary Technology

The chipped stone artifacts comprise a full tool kit. Ranging in size from the largest of the choppers to the tiniest of the flake scrapers, they conform to a characterization of generalized implements shaped with a minimum of modification. The broad and shallow flaking, unifacial percussion technique, use of flawed lithic material, re-working of artifacts from one kind to another, and the great number of tools retaining cortex and bulb of percussion are typical of the basic simplicity of all classes. Something of a paradox exists between the wide variety of shapes and sizes of the tools, which do tend to fall into groups, and the elementary technology of their manufacture. The major classifications include projectile points and blades, flake knives, drills, gravers, choppers, hammerstones, scrapers, picks, crescents, cores, and flakes.

Archaeological Remains, Supposedly Navaho, from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

1939 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early History ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Until recently there has been little attempt to trace the early history of the Navaho in the Southwest through their archaeological remains. While some investigators were studying Pueblo archaeology, they did record certain discoveries which tend to throw some light here and there on the earlier history of the Navaho. In the summer of 1937 a reconnaisance of archaeological sites, putatively Navaho, was made in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. The sites were mainly on, or at the base of western Chacra Mesa, some eight miles east of Pueblo Bonito. Interesting information was gathered, particularly in regard to house types, pottery, burials, textiles, and certain other items of material culture which may be correlated with ethnological data on the Navaho.

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