The Past as a Scarce Resource

Man ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Appadurai
Keyword(s):  
1987 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Matthew Schoffeleers

Ever since Malinowski formulated his concept of myths as charters, there has been a tendency among anthropologists to regard origin myths more or less as post factum constructs designed to legitimize existing privileges and positions. A classic example of this pragmatist view is Leach's study of political systems in highland Burma, in which he attempts to demonstrate that origin myths change with clocklike regularity in response to shifts in the political constellation. More recently, however, voices have been raised, particularly among historians, which insist that a society's past cannot always be manipulated at will, but that under certain conditions it has to be treated circumspectly in the way one deals with any scarce resource.My own interpretation of this view is that accounts of the past, when they concern important aspects of a society, are often (or perhaps always) constructed in such a way that the original event is somehow preserved and recoverable. The qualification “somehow” is added on purpose to make clear that the phrase ‘oral history’ refers to such a wide range of genres and mnemonic techniques, and that the methods at our disposal to extract the original event are still so rudimentary--despite the progress made over the past dozen years or so--that for the moment one cannot do more than express belief in our ultimate capability to discover what happened in actual fact.


2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Lloyd ◽  
Margaret Bamforth ◽  
Mary Eminson

The authors, all consultant child and adolescent psychiatrists working in the north-west of England (an area that has experienced recruitment difficulties throughout the past decade), seek to stimulate discussion about the serious issues of recruitment and retention faced by child and adolescent psychiatry. Current thinking about staffing and models of provision is challenged.


Ekonomika ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Perry

In the past, scarce resources have led us sort ourselves as if we were many kinds of beings, mostly unreflective, instead of one. Now, our very survival depends on classifying all people as human and reflective. This maturing change is already happening because high-tech weapons are not a scarce resource and the alternative is death by terrorism. The marketplace of the 21st century will profit by showing respect for consumers as reflective human beings. This paper offers a guide to the reflective level of thought and action, showing and explaining the logical and pragmatic relations between random, routine, and reflective functioning.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo MACHADO

Neste artigo, proponho tratar o passado como um recurso simbólico, apoiando-me em algumas ideias esboçadas pelo antropólogo indiano Arjun Appadurai em seu famoso artigo The past as a scarce resource man, publicadoem1981. Colocado nestes termos, analiso o caso empírico dos habitantes de Borá, uma pequena cidade localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. O objetivo é o de compreender como as famílias mais antigas constroem o discurso sobre o passado e a forma como administram dessa forma a memória coletiva da população. O parentesco e a descendência caracterizam alguns aspectos dessa relação com o passado. No entanto, o que legitima se sentirem como os narradores autorizados da história local é o consenso constituído em torno das representações do pioneirismo. Resumindo, procuro percorrer com o leitor os caminhos da pesquisa, apresentar os informantes que conheci no curso do trabalho de campo e demonstrar como a sociabilidade também se configura através do passado. Os dados apresentados são fruto da pesquisa etnográfica realizada entre os anos de 2011-2012, em Borá (mais precisamente, com visitas intercaladas realizadas semanalmente ou mensais). Na apresentação dos dados, relato, em primeira pessoa, as relações e situações vivenciadas, buscando narrar através descrição etnográfica minha inserção e experiência em campo. Além disso, utilizo fontes secundárias que permitiram análise de conteúdo e consulta a literatura especializada, principalmente, em diálogo com a teoria antropológica.


1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr

A continuum survey of the galactic-centre region has been carried out at Parkes at 20 cm wavelength over the areal11= 355° to 5°,b11= -3° to +3° (Kerr and Sinclair 1966, 1967). This is a larger region than has been covered in such surveys in the past. The observations were done as declination scans.


1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Urey

During the last 10 years, the writer has presented evidence indicating that the Moon was captured by the Earth and that the large collisions with its surface occurred within a surprisingly short period of time. These observations have been a continuous preoccupation during the past years and some explanation that seemed physically possible and reasonably probable has been sought.


1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. W. Small

It is generally accepted that history is an element of culture and the historian a member of society, thus, in Croce's aphorism, that the only true history is contemporary history. It follows from this that when there occur great changes in the contemporary scene, there must also be great changes in historiography, that the vision not merely of the present but also of the past must change.


1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
M. Schwarzschild

It is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the past decade in astronomy that the evolution of some major classes of astronomical objects has become accessible to detailed research. The theory of the evolution of individual stars has developed into a substantial body of quantitative investigations. The evolution of galaxies, particularly of our own, has clearly become a subject for serious research. Even the history of the solar system, this close-by intriguing puzzle, may soon make the transition from being a subject of speculation to being a subject of detailed study in view of the fast flow of new data obtained with new techniques, including space-craft.


1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
J.A. Graham

During the past several years, a systematic search for novae in the Magellanic Clouds has been carried out at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The Curtis Schmidt telescope, on loan to CTIO from the University of Michigan is used to obtain plates every two weeks during the observing season. An objective prism is used on the telescope. This provides additional low-dispersion spectroscopic information when a nova is discovered. The plates cover an area of 5°x5°. One plate is sufficient to cover the Small Magellanic Cloud and four are taken of the Large Magellanic Cloud with an overlap so that the central bar is included on each plate. The methods used in the search have been described by Graham and Araya (1971). In the CTIO survey, 8 novae have been discovered in the Large Cloud but none in the Small Cloud. The survey was not carried out in 1974 or 1976. During 1974, one nova was discovered in the Small Cloud by MacConnell and Sanduleak (1974).


Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).


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