Burckhardt's ‘Civilization of the Renaissance’ A Century after its Publication

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Baron

In September 1960 a hundred years will have passed since the appearance of Jacob Burckhardt's Kultur der Renaissance in Italien. No other work has had a comparable influence on the formation of the concept of die Renaissance, and during the last one or two generations it has become an historical classic read in all western countries. Since the re-publication of Burckhardt's original text by Walter Goetz in 1922, one German reprint has followed another. After the second World War the early Italian and English translations began to share in this ever-growing popularity (America has seen three new editions recendy), while the first Spanish translation came out in South America in 1942.

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200941988463
Author(s):  
Pedro Iacobelli

The Second World War became the backdrop of Japanese espionage activities in Latin America that helped to delay the total expulsion of Japanese officers and businesses from the Americas and confinement of Japanese communities. Based on archival information gathered in Japan, the US and Chile, the article examines Japan’s intelligence-gathering activity in Chile and pays attention to its composition and limitations. By doing so, it re-examines the trans-nationality of Japan’s state apparatuses in South America and Chile’s place in the global conflict. The article advances the argument that Japan’s subversive activities in Chile were relentless and had a regional scope beyond one nation-state. Divided into two sections, the article covers the period from the months prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor until the final days of the Japanese legation in Chile in January 1943.


1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratnalekha Ray

Between 1800 and 1950, the Bengali gentry experienced—over five or six generations—dramatic changes in fortune. The broad outline of the story of landed society in Bengal is well known. There emerged, in the first generation, families from widely varying background who owed their fortunes to the Permanent Settlement. In the next two generations they successfully integrated themselves into the rural world as an influential class of gentry with a well-marked-out life style. The fixity of revenue demand, the extension of cultivation and the perfected machinery of legal coercion contributed towards the development of high landlordism by the mid-nineteenth century. The end of the century, however, brought with it a gradual crumbling of the basis of landed society which gathered momentum with the Great Depression and the second world war, forcing an increasing number among the last two generations to seek supplementary or alternative means of livelihood.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wild

Until the 1940s, English translations of the Qur'an were (with the notable exception of translations by Indian Muslims early in the twentieth century) mostly undertaken by non-Muslims and viewed with some misgiving by most Muslim scholars. As late as 1929 the Egyptian al-Azhar, internationally regarded as the most prestigious Muslim organisation in the world, publically burnt a translation of the Qur'an, even though it had been translated by a Muslim. It was only well after the Second World War that the Egyptian authorities officially allowed the publication of a translation of the Qur'an. More recently, English translations by Muslims have proliferated and now flourish worldwide: as far as the number of Qur'an-translations is concerned, no other language is better represented. However, diverging English translations of the Qur'an have become more and more of a religious and political battleground. This article discusses the development of English from a ‘coloniser's language’ to an English ‘friendly to Islam’ – especially in India and Pakistan. It also sketches the impact of Christian missionary translations of the Qur'an into English and discusses the problems faced by scholars with regard to English as a powerful second language, specifically in terms of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Qur'an in Saudi Arabia, which has gradually taken prominence over Al-Azhar on the international stage since the 1980s.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Eisenberg-Holmes

This is a paper written for the University of Toronto and adheres to it's standards. It was written and formatted in Chicago 17th style and uses written and digital scholarly and published sources. One source is the author's own translation of a German text. Otherwise, widely accepted English translations are used (i.e. original English translation of "Mein Kampf"). This paper covers the interrelationship between German colonial thought and German / non-German relationships on the Eastern Front during the Second World War, particularly relations with collaborationist states and Slavic volunteers to the Waffen SS.


1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pope Atkins ◽  
Larry V. Thompson

From the 1890s until the Second World War the armed forces of Argentina underwent an extensive modernizing and professionalizing process, as did those of other major states of South America. During this period, foreign influence was exerted on the Argentine military establishment, which actively sought assistance from Europe and the United States. Germany was the dominant external actor and the strongest foreign military influence in Argentina.


2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Frank Seberechts

Op het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog slaagde een aantal nazi's en collaborateurs erin onder te duiken of de vlucht te nemen naar het buitenland. In deze bijdrage proberen we een aanzet te geven voor verder onderzoek.Volgens nazi-jager Simon Wiesenthal werd kort na de oorlog een organisatie van voormalige SS-ers opgericht, met de naam 'Odessa'. Die zorgde voor vluchtroutes en dekmantels voor voormalige nazi's. Veel harde bewijzen voor het bestaan van een dergelijk netwerk werden tot nog toe niet gevonden. Hoewel Wiesenthals versie vaak kritiekloos werd overgenomen door heel wat auteurs, rees in de voorbije jaren steeds meer twijfel.Ook in Vlaanderen doken nazi's en collaborateurs onder, of ze slaagden erin naar het buitenland (vooral Spanje, Ierland en Zuid-Amerika) te ontkomen. Bij hun onderduiken en hun vlucht konden zij rekenen op de steun van medestanders in België en in de omringende landen. Er bestonden wel degelijk ontsnappingslijnen voor ondergedoken incivieken. De ondersteuning van de onderneming werd wellicht mogelijk gemaakt door lotgenoten, sympathisanten en de katholieke kerk. Voor zover we tot nu toe konden nagaan, was er ook in België echter geen sprake van een alomvattend netwerk van steunverlening aan ondergedoken en vluchtende collaborateurs. Toch dient dit verder onderzocht. Bronnen voor verder onderzoek bevinden zich onder meer in het ADVN, het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken en in diverse buitenlandse archieven.________Persons in hiding and fugitives after the Second World War: a new area of researchAt the end of the Second World War a number of Nazis and collaborators managed to go into hiding or take refuge abroad. In this contribution we attempt to instigate further research into this subject.According to Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal an organisation of former SS members, called 'Odessa', was founded shortly after the war. It provided escape routes and covers for former Nazis. Until now not much hard evidence has been found for the existence of such a network. Although quite a few authors often repeated Wiesenthal’s version without criticism, doubts concerning these matters have increased over the past years.In Flanders Nazis and collaborators also went into hiding or managed to escape abroad (particularly to Spain, Ireland and South America). When they went into hiding or took refuge they could count on the support of their associates in Belgium and surrounding countries. There were indeed escape lines for collaborators in hiding. It is possible that the enterprise was facilitated by fellow-sufferers, sympathizers and the Catholic Church. In as far as we have been able to verify until now, however, there was no question of the existence in Belgium of a comprehensive network to assist collaborators in hiding and in flight. Yet this deserves further investigation. Sources for additional research may be found among others in the ADVN, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in various foreign archives.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Eisenberg-Holmes

This is a paper written for the University of Toronto and adheres to it's standards. It was written and formatted in Chicago 17th style and uses written and digital scholarly and published sources. One source is the author's own translation of a German text. Otherwise, widely accepted English translations are used (i.e. original English translation of "Mein Kampf"). This paper covers the interrelationship between German colonial thought and German / non-German relationships on the Eastern Front during the Second World War, particularly relations with collaborationist states and Slavic volunteers to the Waffen SS.


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