Contextual Determinants of Feminist Attitudes: National and Subnational Influences in Western Europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Banaszak ◽  
Eric Plutzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
American Conservatism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Feminist Attitudes ◽  
Structural Theories

We augment the survey-based studies of attitudes toward feminism with comparative, contextual perspectives emphasizing the importance of social structure and culture. In doing so, we are able to assess the relative merits of two very different structural theories. Most researchers implicitly assume a simple linear effect of social context on attitudes. On the other hand, some early works on American conservatism suggest to us that status discontent may be a better explanation. We explicate these two approaches and derive a series of testable hypotheses for each. We then examine the validity of these theories utilizing data from nine European nations.

Problems of Western Europe

1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Bernard Wall
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common People ◽  
Western Nation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will ◽  
East And West

The following pages are based on the last six months of 1948 which the writer spent in England, France and Italy. During this period Marshall aid had begun to bear certain fruit. On the other hand the international situation, already bad at the opening of the period, had deteriorated cumulatively as time passed. The Berlin deadlock, a symbol of the will of East and West, continued as before; and not even the beginning of a solution was reached at the United Nations assembly in Paris in die autumn. All over Europe people were preoccupied widi the economic crisis; but also by the direat of a new war. A military committee composed of Great Britain, France and Benelux was formed in the autumn under the chairmanship of Marshal Montgomery. There remained problems about this committee's effectiveness as well as about the extent to which other proposals for Western union were practicable at present. While in each country in Western Europe common people and politicians are talking more about union than ever before, in practice separatist tendencies in each shrunken western nation are still at work and travel to, or independent contact with, neighboring countries is a far more difficult business today than it was in 1939.

scholarly journals The man of Ernest J. Gaines' novelistic universe: between emasculation and self-assertion

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5330-5335
Author(s):  
Touré Bassamanan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

This paper highlights the different layers of meaning that characterize the notion of manhood in Gaines’ fiction. The quest for manhood represents an imperative for the frustrated men in the framework of the social context wherein they are emasculated. Here, manhood should be grasped through a binary paradigm. On the one hand, the expression of manhood equates with male domination and violence. On the other hand, due to social expectations, manhood refers to the struggle for freedom. It undermines the white racial superiority and it claims blacks’ humanity. Manhood fosters humanistic principles. Thus, it takes on a universal dimension.

scholarly journals Microbiostratigraphy of the Berriasian–Valanginian boundary in eastern Crimea: foraminifers, ostracods, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya N. Savelieva ◽  
Olga V. Shurekova ◽  
Anna A. Feodorova ◽  
Vladimir A. Grishchenko ◽  
Andrei Yu. Guzhikov
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cysts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
North Western ◽  
Ostracod Species ◽  
Ammonite Zones

AbstractThorough study of foraminifers, ostracods and dinoflagellate remnants from the Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections helps to characterize the detailed biostratigraphic division of the Berriasian / Valanginian boundary sequence in the Feodosiya district of eastern Crimea. The foraminifer and dinocyst associations from the lower part of the sequence are clearly comparable with common Berriasian associations throughout all Mountain Crimea. On the other hand, foraminifer, ostracod and dinocyst associations from its upper part have been recorded only in eastern Crimea. The upper foraminifer level corresponds to the boreal ammonite zones from the Tauricum-Verrucosum (Upper Berriasian-Valanginian). Most of the ostracod species are endemic. The base of the uppermost dinocyst level correlates with the Lower Valanginian Paratollia zone from north-western Europe.

Intra-Regional Management: The Western Europe Strategy of Japanese Firms

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Akira Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Other Hand

This paper raises the following questions: 1) How have Japanese firms that have entered Western Europe via direct investment understood the region's business environment? 2) With that understanding, what strategies have Japanese firms built and what projects have they developed? 3) Conversely, how have the projects developed by Japanese firms affected the business environment in Western Europe? To explore the questions outlined above, it is desirable or even necessary to observe a relatively large number of cases over as long a period as possible. This paper clearly faces limits on this score. On the other hand, by observing a small number of cases in relative detail, this paper may have the advantage of providing a basis for formulating general propositions.

scholarly journals Hakekat Seksualitas Manusia : Perspektif Gereja Kristen Nazarene di Abad 21 terhadap Praktek LGBT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Bakhoh Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Church Of The Nazarene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Church Of God ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
The Church

Civilization and social structure have dramatically changed in these last several decades. Exponential development of globalization and the growth of technology of communication have transformed values, views and cultures of human civilization nowadays. These are the symptoms of world web wide era; where the local issues can be global discussion in minutes. In one hand, the Church of God should be sensitive to the age changes, does some adaptations and changes to be relevant. In the other hand, the Church of God should not be conformed to this world. Church of the Nazarene as one of the Christian Church denominations in the world is demanded to take the stance to deal with the changes that are happened today especially in LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) issue.

scholarly journals Hidden Ekphrasis in the Works of Miroslav Krleža

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Nataša Lah
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Art History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Miroslav Krleza ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One

Throughout the entire literary oeuvre of Miroslav Krleža we are faced with a great number of credible descriptions, describing real historic events, or real artists and artworks belonging to the rich resources of European art history. By applying a cryptographic method of incorporating descriptions into his texts, Krleža on the one hand hid his sources, while on the other also revealed them. He hid them in the tissue of fictional texts, and unmasked them using a key work only those familiar with the source could identify. We term this method the use of “belletristic cryptograms”, and can further categorise it into thematic subgroups of concealed artwork descriptions, naming this whole method the use of hidden ekphrasis. The choice of artworks Krleža describes in his work is comprehensive, diverse and each described differently. Since we are dealing with literary texts, descriptions are often used in the function of a wide array of interpretative strategies of depiction; in some aspects, they are used as a mere glimpse into a piece of art with the goal of visually associating, evoking or minutely symbolizing the incorporeal frame of an artist’s mind or of the wider social context. In other aspects, the artworks are richly and meticulously presented with regard to their importance and credibility as they, according to Krleža, possess an “ethical intelligence” and “ethical conscience”. Only Krleža’s prose is researched here, and this is done on two levels. We take a look at examples where real art is incorporated into fictional texts in order to determine the significance and meaning of a certain dialogue, mise-en-scène or situation. This is most commonly found in the author’s plays, novels and novellas. On the other hand, we can trace a completely opposite method by which artworks enter these texts, where, due to their historic determination and already established worth/status, they thus re-enter reality, as seen from the perspective of Krleža’s life and work, so as to yet again test art history’s credibility through the matrix of contemporaneity. This approach is most often found in Krleža’s essays, critiques and diary entries.

scholarly journals اسلامی اُصولوں کے تناظر میں سوشلزم کا تنقیدی جائزہ

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahmood ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Zaid Lakhvi
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Intellectual Movements

Multiple intellectual movements are here that changed the socio-economic conditions of humankind throughout history. Among these movements, a highly Influential is socialism, which was the most discussed and dominant social and political movement in the 19th and 20th centuries. It affected many thoughts and cultures owing to its impressive materialistic approach. On the other hand, Islam negates socialism’s fundamental principles, and it does not appreciate pure materialistic discourse for the wellbeing of humanity. Islam also provides a social structure for equality and justice for success in this world and the hereafter. This article explains the salient features of socialism which are contrary to Islamic ideas and precepts. Furthermore, the current position of socialism in the world and how Islamic traditions and civilization can be preserved have been discussed. In addition, this article provides a brief overview of the importance of establishing an Islamic "welfare state."

scholarly journals Hög generell tillit och låg tolerans mot främlingar?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Karl Loxbo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Minority Report

In light of Sweden’s exceptionally high levels of generalised trust, a widely argued view is that this country is well equipped to counterbalance contemporary challenges of xenophobia and build trust between diverse groups. However, while trust remains at high levels in Sweden, the same, somewhat paradoxically, goes for xenophobic attitudes. Therefore, the main question addressed in this article is why many Swedes report that they trust ‘most people in general’ while simultaneously displaying high levels of xenophobia. Drawing on unique survey-data, the article presents three main answers. First, the article shows that Swedish respondents place much more trust in their cultural in-group – which they tend to equate with ‘most people’ – than in their cultural out-group. Second, when relating these different measures of trust to respondents’ degree of xenophobia, on the one hand, and their party preferences, on the other hand, the article shows that an overwhelming majority of the electorate report that they trust people from Western Europe, while only a minority report that they tolerate and trust non-Europeans. Third, and most crucially, the article finds that high trust in the cultural out-group is associated with tolerance, whereas high trust in the in-group instead appears to breed xenophobia.   

scholarly journals Representation in Western Europe: Connecting party-voter congruence and party goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-142
Author(s):  
Annika Werner
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Voter Information ◽  
General Goals ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ideological Congruence

One of the most common critiques of political parties is that they no longer represent the interests of their voters. On one hand, representation literature tasks all parties equally to ensure high ideological congruence with their voters. On the other hand, party behaviour literature acknowledges that parties have legitimately different primary goals, in particular vote-maximisation or policy-seeking. Thus, this article analyses whether ideological congruence depends on the general goals that parties pursue. Furthermore, this article proposes a novel, distribution-based measure of party-voter ideological congruence that reduces the loss of voter information stemming from the many-to-one data relationship. This measure is applied to 470 data points from parties in 10 Western European countries from 1970 to 2009. The article finds that vote-maximising parties create higher levels of congruence than policy-seeking parties. On this basis, the article calls for evaluations of party behaviour considering party-type specificity.

The Collapse of the European Political System, 1914–45

1949 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajo Holborn
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Political System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Pattern ◽  
American Policy ◽  
Political Actions

Any attempt at the formulation or critical review of American policies in Europe is conditioned by our historical conceptions. Whether we try to define American policy with regard to Germany, the economic recovery of Europe, or the protection of western Europe against further Russian inroads, we are consciously or unconsciously influenced by what we consider to be the “normal” organization of Europe, and are thereby led to direct our political actions as much as possible toward the restoration of the traditional order. There exists, on the other hand, a general awareness of radical changes in world politics and especially European affairs, and our practical political experiences demonstrate that we are constantly driven to adopt unprecedented measures which run counter to what we still envisage as the historical pattern of Europe.

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