The Ecological Importance of Kalmia latifolia and Rhododendron maximum in the Deciduous Forest of the Southern Appalachians

1985 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D. Monk ◽  
Douglas T. McGinty ◽  
Frank P. Day
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum

Phosphorus relations of roots and mycorrhizas of Rhododendron maximum L. in the southern Appalachians, North Carolina

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dighton ◽  
David C. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum

Suppression of ectomycorrhizae on canopy tree seedlings in Rhododendron maximum L. (Ericaceae) thickets in the southern Appalachians

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Walker ◽  
Orson K. Miller Jr. ◽  
T. Lei ◽  
Shawn Semones ◽  
E. Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum

scholarly journals Germination and Growth of Four Species of Ericaceous Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 633d-633
Author(s):  
John M. Englert ◽  
Carroll Barrack ◽  
Dan Woolston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Ericaceous Plant ◽  
Good Germination

The germination of ericaceous plant species is often variable and not well-defined. We have had some difficulty in obtaining good germination and significant establishment and growth after transplanting. Four different moisture regimes and two different media were used for the germination of Kalmia latifolia, Oxydendrum arboreum, Rhododendron maximum, and Vaccinium corymbosum seeds. Seeds were surface-sown on peat or peat + bark (1:4) media. Pots were then placed under either one of two different misting regimes, set in a tray of water, or set in a tray of water under a humidity tent. Germination was higher and more consistent for all species sown on peat and occurred sooner for seeds under the humidity tent. Rhododendron and Kalmia under the humidity tent grew more rapid than with other treatments. Increases in germination under the humidity tent were due more in part to higher temperatures than to the minimal increase of humidity inside the tent. Germination was poor for seeds under the high-mist treatment, presumably because there was too much moisture. Germination of Vaccinium and Oxydendrum was low for all treatments.

Converting Rhododendron-Laurel Thickets to White Pine with Picloram and Mycorrhizae-Inoculated Seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Neary ◽  
James E. Douglass ◽  
John L. Ruehle ◽  
Walter Fox
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum ◽  
Pellet Formulation

Abstract A ridge site in the Appalachian highlands of North Carolina was prepared for planting container-grown white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings by treatment with herbicide. A pellet formulation of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) containing 10% acid equivalent was applied in May 1978. Control of rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.), laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.), and other hardwood vegetation was sufficient to allow pine establishment. White pine survival was 96% 18 months after planting. Inoculation of seedlings while still in the greenhouse with the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch did not significantly affect seedling survival, total height, seasonal height growth, or basal diameter in the field. Height growth the second growing season after planting 6-month, container-grown stock averaged 5.1 to 7.5 inches. Eighteen months after planting, total seedling height averaged 13.3 inches, with the tallest exceeding 29.1 inches. Both height and diameter growth of white pine seedlings were inversely related to the degree of shading from remaining vegetation.

scholarly journals Rethinking foundation species in a changing world: The case for Rhododendron maximum as an emerging foundation species in shifting ecosystems of the southern Appalachians

2020 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 118240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura P. Dudley ◽  
Mary Freeman ◽  
Seth Wenger ◽  
C. Rhett Jackson ◽  
Catherine M. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Foundation Species ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum ◽  
Changing World

scholarly journals Bioclimatology, Structure, and Conservation Perspectives of Quercus pyrenaica, Acer opalus subsp. Granatensis, and Corylus avellana Deciduous Forests on Mediterranean Bioclimate in the South-Central Part of the Iberian Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piñar Fuentes ◽  
Cano-Ortiz ◽  
Musarella ◽  
Canas ◽  
Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
The South ◽  
South Central ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Ecological Importance

The plant variability in the southern Iberian Peninsula consists of around 3500 different taxa due to its high bioclimatic, geographic, and geological diversity. The deciduous forests in the southern Iberian Peninsula are located in regions with topographies and specific bioclimatic conditions that allow for the survival of taxa that are typical of cooler and wetter bioclimatic regions and therefore represent the relict evidence of colder and more humid paleoclimatic conditions. The floristic composition of 421 samples of deciduous forests in the south-central part of the Iberian Peninsula were analyzed. The ecological importance index (IVI) was calculated, where the most important tree species were Quercus pyrenaica, Acer opalus subsp. Granatensis, and Corylus avellana. These species are uncommon in the south-central part of the Iberian Peninsula, forming forests of little extension. An analysis of the vertical distribution of the species (stratum) shows that the majority of the species of stratum 3 (hemicriptophics, camephytes, geophites, and nanophanerophytes) are characteristic of deciduous forests, and their presence is positively correlated with high values of bioclimatic variables related to humidity and presence of water in the soil (nemoral environments), while they are negatively correlated with high values ​​of bioclimatic variables related to high temperatures, evapotranspiration, and aridity. This work demonstrates that several characteristic deciduous forest taxa are more vulnerable to disappearance due to the loss of their nemoral conditions caused by gaps in the tree or shrub canopy. These gaps lead to an increase in evapotranspiration, excess insolation, and a consequent loss of water and humidity in the microclimatic conditions.

Growing Season Water Relations of Rhododendron maximum L. and Kalmia latifolia L

1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum

scholarly journals Influence of Storage Temperatures on Long-term Seed Viability of Selected Native Ericaceous Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Glenn ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Rhododendron Maximum ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Abstract Following harvest of capsules, drying, and seed extraction, seeds of Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleum (drooping leucothoe), Rhododendron carolinianum Rehd. (Carolina rhododendron), Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. (Catawba rhododendron), and Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) were stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 years at −18,4 or 23C (0, 39 or 73F) and then germinated at 25C (77F) or an 8/16 hr thermoperiod of 25/15C (77/59F) with daily photoperiods of 0, 1 or 24 hr. Storage at −18 or 4C (0 or 39F) were most effective for maintaining seed viability of all species. After 5 years storage at −18 or 4C (0 or 39F), viability of L. fontanesiana, R. catawbiense, and R. maximum was relatively unchanged with total germination of 59%, 87%, and 88%, respectively. The same was noted for seeds of K. latifolia and R. carolinianum with total germination of 77% and 91%, respectively, after storage for 4 years at the same temperatures. Storage at 23C (73F) was the least effective for maintaining viability. After storage for 1 year at 23C (73F), germination decreased significantly for all species except R. carolinianum. By year 3, storage at 23C (73F) reduced seed viability of L. fontanesiana to essentially zero. The same occurred by year 4 for seeds of R. catawbiense and R. maximum stored at 23C (73F). Viability of K. latifolia also decreased under storage at 23C (73F) with germination of 14% noted by year 4. Viability of R. carolinianum did not decrease as rapidly as the other species when stored at 23C (73F) with total germination of 77% occurring by year 4. Regardless of storage duration, the photoperiod and temperature requirements for maximum germination of all species did not change.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

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