Image and Society in Archaic Etruria

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno D'Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structured System ◽  
The City

There are no direct visual representations of the city in Etruscan art, any more than there are in Attic art. Indeed the civic aspect of the Etruscan world is in general particularly elusive; even in inscriptions, references to political and social structures are rare and brief. In the case of Athens, the study of the imagery of Attic vase-painting as a unified and structured system of representations has revealed hitherto unsuspected significations. It is true that the basic places and occasions of social, institutional, political and religious life are not themselves portrayed; yet the social categories and essential functions of the city are displayed, through the medium of a kind of anthropological description.

Carthage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This chapter discusses the rise, development, and Romanization of ancient Carthage in the early Christian period after the formation of the province of Africa Proconsularis in the Augustan period; the physical topography of the city of Carthage, including the Byrsa, the Antonine Baths, and the amphitheater; and it describes the tophet or outdoor sacrificial area and whether human sacrifice was practiced among the Carthaginians. It also covers the life, influence, and African roots of Septimius Severus, the Roman emperor during Perpetua’s life and death. Also discussed are the social, religious, and intellectual conditions for pagans in Roman Carthage, who their local gods were (Tanit, Saturn, Juno Caelestis, Baal Hammon), and the connections between civic and religious life.

EVALUATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF SPATIAL SEGREGATION IN LVIV. HISTORICAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Senkiv Z ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

The article attempts to outline the phenomenon of spatial segregation in Lviv. It highlights the historical aspects of this phenomenon, and their impact on the current situation. Also is outlined the own classification of the social groups which have developed at present city is considering the degree of their mutual isolation. It was found that in the historical aspect of spatial segregation in Lviv can be divided into three periods: - medieval (when it was discriminatory), Soviet (when it was a privilege marking of politically "trustworthy"), and modern (associated with property stratification). Each of these segregation stages has left its mark on the spatial character of the city, albeit to varying degrees. Thus, the medieval discriminatory segregation of space is now practically inactive; the Soviet partially changed its direction and lost its original meaning, the modern one is at the stage of active development and deepening. Eight social categories have been identified in modern Lviv, in relation to which the process of spatial segregation is taking place. Accordingly, an assessment of the phenomenon of spatial segregation is given, which should take into account the following factors: a) the frequency of intersection of social groups of different categories; b) the place where this intersection takes place (for example citywide holidays); c) territorial distribution of spatially segregated groups. Preliminarily assessed the isolation level of different social groups, which also has a urban dimension.

scholarly journals Al-Khawaja Yanni (Yanni the Westerner): An Example of Muslim-Christian Tolerance in Jeddah during the 20th Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassna Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
The City ◽  
Islamic Society

Abstract This paper handles a unique example of religious tolerance and Christian-Muslim coexistence in one of the most conservative Islamic societies; the Saudi Arabian society, by going through the story of Khawaja Yeni, the Greek merchant who lived in the city of Jeddah in the middle of the twentieth century, integrated with its people, formed extensive relations with its Muslim people, and was able to remain vivid in the collective memory of its inhabitants despite his death has Christian decades ago. The Yeni model represents a model of mutual understanding and coexistence between Islamic and Christian cultures. It would not have mattered if the story had been in another Islamic country, but it was in Saudi Arabia and in the city of Jeddah, which is part of the emirate of Mecca, the holy capital of Muslims, this has made the story of Yeni eye-catching and intriguing. Therefore, I saw fit to give that subject a special care and a thorough inquest in order to capture the details of the social, cultural and religious life experienced and interacted with by this Greek merchant. In the absence of official documentation of the details of public life in the mid-20th century, the stories and news about Yeni remained only circulating amongst the inhabitants of Jeddah, and were not written or collected in an academic research that would have saved them from loss and made them available for specialists to study and analyze. Therefore, I relied on the method of “oral history’s documentation” and I gathered these narratives from the mouths of the men who lived and worked with Yeni. Then I analyzed these narratives and drafted them in an academic form that brings together all the narratives from popular circles about the personality of this wonderful Christian who gave a wonderful example of coexistence and integration into a very conservative Islamic society.

Roman City-Laws of Spain and their Modelling of the Religious Landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Meret Strothmann
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
City Council ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Religious Landscape

The Roman municipal laws from Spain tell us much more about the political constitution of Roman cities than any other document from the Western provinces. However, the fragments at our disposal do not provide information about the social and religious identity of the citizens and incolae. A short survey of Latin inscriptions in Spain shows that in Baetica, where the municipal laws were found, there is very little evidence for indigenous cults, in contrast to other Spanish provinces, numerous deities and cults are attested. It is suggested that municipal laws do not add much to our knowledge of religious life in the cities precisely because they were conceptualized as blueprints for different cities with different conditions. The lack of precise instructions regarding religious institutions is to be seen as part of a broader concept. Thus, in a paragraph of the late-republican constitution for the colony of Urso, the city council has the right to complete the calendar, i.e. to define the official cults. In the Flavian constitution of Irni, such a paragraph is missing, but instead another indication of local authority in respect to possible acculturation can be found: the founder is allowed to legislate, but only within the limits of Roman customary law. Roman cities in Spain were able to autonomously model the religious landscape in response to local needs, a capacity clearly expressed in legal terms.

Lebanon

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Deteriorating relations between the different factions and widespread fighting displaced many families in 1990 and increased the social and economic disruption in the country. For some periods, Beirut came under daily shelling and civilians left the city and its suburbs en masse for safer areas, in particular southern Lebanon. The heavy loss of life and resources weakened the already fragile economic and social structures.

scholarly journals Individualistic and Structural Explanations in Ásta’s Categories We Live By

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Social Metaphysics

AbstractÁsta’s Categories We Live By is a superb addition to the literature on social metaphysics. In it she offers a powerful framework for understanding the creation and maintenance of social categories. In this commentary piece, I want to draw attention to Ásta’s reliance on explanatory individualism – the view that the social world is best explained by the actions and attitudes of individuals. I argue that this reliance makes it difficult for Ásta to explain how many social categories are maintained and why certain categories are reliably available to us and so resistant to change. These explanatory deficiencies could be overcome, I argue, by eschewing explanatory individualism and positing social structures to figure in structural explanations of the maintenance and availability of social categories.

scholarly journals Graffiti, affective inscriptions and new expressions of visibilities in São Paulo’s urban landscape.

RUA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tatiana Amendola Sanches ◽  
Tarcisio Torres Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Street Art ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structures Of Feeling ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper intends to discuss the ways Street Art has been promoting new affective inscriptions in the urban landscape of São Paulo city. This practice is verified through works promoting “sensible shocks”, which occur using signs that sensibilize the passerby’s look. The discussion starts addressing local cultural art movements in order to show how Brazilian Street Art is linked to other forms of politicization in the cities. Then, it is shown how the articulation of structures of feeling can be observed in the city in events involving disagreements between graffiti artistis and the municipal government. Finally, it is argued that the affective inscriptions reveal the social structures of the city and contribute to highlight imbalances between expectation and reality.ResumoEste trabalho procura discutir as maneiras como a arte de rua vem promovendo novas inscrições afetivas na paisagem urbana da cidade de São Paulo. Verifica-se que esta prática é feita através de “choques de sentimento” que ocorrem através do uso de signos que sensibilizam o olhar do transeunte. A discussão começa com movimentos artísticos locais a fim de mostrar como a arte de rua brasileira está conectada a outras formas de politização nas cidades. Em seguida, é mostrado como a articulação de estruturas de sentido pode ser observada na cidade em eventos envolvendo conflitos entre grafiteiros e o poder municipal. Finalmente, argumenta-se que as inscrições afetivas revelam as estruturas sociais da cidade e contribuem para enaltecer desequilíbrios entre expectativa e realidade.Palavras-chave: Arte de Rua; Cultura; Estudos Culturais; Grafite; São Paulo.

Social Networks of Meaning and Communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Fuhse
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Social structures can be fruitfully studied as networks of social relationships. These should not be conceptualized, and examined, as stable, acultural patterns of ties. Building on relational sociology around Harrison White, the book examines the interplay of social networks and meaning. Social relationships consist of dynamic bundles of expectations about the behavior between particular actors. These expectations come out of the process of communication, and they make for the regularity and predictability of communication, reducing its inherent uncertainty. Like all social structures, relationships and networks are made of expectations that guide social processes, but that continuously change as the result of these processes. Building on Niklas Luhmann, the events in networks can fruitfully be conceptualized as communication, the processing of meaning between actors (rather than emanating from them). Communication draws on a variety of cultural forms to define and negotiate the relationships between actors: relationship frames like “love” and “friendship” prescribe the kinds of interaction appropriate for types of tie; social categories like ethnicity and gender guide the interaction within and between categories of actors; and collective and corporate actors form on the basis of cultural models like “company,” “bureaucracy,” “street gang,” or “social movement.” Such cultural models are diffused in systems of education and in the mass media, but they also institutionalize in communication, with existing patterns of interaction and relationships serving as models for others. Social groups are semi-institutionalized social patterns, with a strong social boundary separating their members from the social environment.

scholarly journals Reflections on Neurofeminism and Intersectionality Using Insights From Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Duchesne ◽  
Anelis Kaiser Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Psychological Processing ◽  
Group Memberships

Intersectionality contends that sex/gender is constituted of and with other social categories, and that the social structures giving rise to inequality should be addressed in research. This is a powerful and important perspective from which to investigate the processes and consequences of social group memberships, one which has been overlooked by most neuroscientific research. In particular, neurofeminism, a field of critical neuroscience that challenges neuroscientific assumptions, methods and interpretations of data that reinforce sexism, has ignored intersectionality to date. In contrast, research in the field of psychology has been engaging with intersectionality for more than a decade. In reflecting on how intersectionality has advanced feminist research in psychology, this paper provides a critical analysis of potential novel research avenues for neurofeminism. We identify three main research themes guided by intersectionality. The first theme involves research centered on understanding the socio-structural causes of health inequalities experienced by individuals with intersecting marginalized social identities; the second concerns research addressing the psychological processing of social group memberships that underlies the enactment of systemic discriminatory practices; and the third theme comprises intersectionality research that aims to challenge psychological epistemology. Drawing parallels between the fields of psychology and neuroscience, we explore the potential benefits and risks of advancing an intersectionality-informed neurofeminism.

Anician Myths

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 133-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper discusses the widely held view that politics in fifth- and sixth-century Italy were largely driven by rivalry between the two great families of the Anicii and the Decii, supposedly following distinctive policies (pro- or anti-eastern, philo- or anti-barbarian, etc.). It is probable that individual members of these (and other) families had feuds and disagreements from time to time, but there is absolutely no evidence for continuing rivalry between Decii and Anicii as families, let alone on specific issues of public policy. Indeed by the mid-fifth century the Anicii fell into a rapid decline. The nobility continued to play a central rôle in the social and (especially) religious life of late fifth- and early sixth-century Italy. Their wealth gave them great power, but it was power that they exercised in relatively restricted, essentially traditional fields, mainly on their estates and in the city of Rome. The quite extraordinary sums they spent on games right down into the sixth century illustrate their overriding concern for popular favour at a purely local level. In this context there was continuing competition between all noble families rich enough to compete. Indeed, the barbarian kings encouraged the nobility to spend their fortunes competing with each other to the benefit of the city and population of Rome.

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