Small Business in the Peruvian Oil Industry: Lobitos Oilfields Limited Before 1934

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Miller
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
International Market ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Trading Network ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
Oil Company

For much of the twentieth century, the petroleum industry of Peru was dominated by the International Petroleum Company (or IPC), a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. Yet IPC never obtained a monopoly. Other firms, such as Lobitos Oilfields Limited, a concern founded by British merchants, produced a significant amount of Peru's output. In this article, Professor Miller examines Lobitos's development from the time of the company's founding in 1900 through the pivotal year of 1934. Although the fortunes of Lobitos were closely linked to the pertubations of the international market and the shifting policies of the Peruvian government, corporate management enjoyed an unusual flexibility not only because the firm's interests were sometimes identical with those of its powerful rival IPC, but also because its merchant founders had established a vast trading network throughout South America. These additional factors allowed Lobitos to survive as a relatively small, unintegrated independent in an age of giant, fully-integrated multinationals.

scholarly journals Maintenance Operations and its Management in Oil Industry in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Lathe Machine ◽  
Radial Drilling ◽  
Lapping Machine ◽  
Oil Company

The maintenance in oil area need to undertake entire shutdowns together with generic refinery turn-around, unit shutdowns on a full accountability foundation and Scaffolding services. The in-house equipment and equipment: the in-house Maintenance workshop facility ought to be completely outfitted with lathe machines, shaping machine, hole spindle lathe machine, horizontal boring machine, radial drilling machine, pipe threading machine, valve lapping machine, mechanical seal lapping machine, welding computing device and all sorts of specialized warmness exchanger re-tubing gear and tools. Maintenance operations in this zone face many troubles in management, price and technical problems. This study aims to study the and count the failures occurred in equipments of Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) in 2019, and study the maintenance strategies used in petroleum industry in the Kuwait state, a maintenance programs or steps will be suggested and investigated in order to improve the maintenance operations. Availability of devices are calculated depending on downtime of the devices at KOC. The data were collected about failures frequency occurred for the KOC company equipments. Most of oil equipments have good availability but in the case of KOC four devices have availability less than 90% which means more failure and downtime, the company adopted a Zero S/D PM Strategy or Philosophy which decreasing failures by 75% and improve the availability of KOC devices. Planning and management of maintenance and monitoring operations in any company decreasing failure frequency of equipments and so downtime of equipments which improves the equipments availability.

International Arbitrations between States and Foreign Private Parties: the Libyan Nationalization Cases

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. von Mehren ◽  
P. Nicholas Kourides
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
The Military ◽  
Oil Company

On November 29 and 30, 1971, Iran occupied three islands, which were nominally under British protection, in the Persian Gulf. As a result of Britain’s failure to prevent the occupation, the Government of the Libyan Arab Republic, on December 7, 1971, announced the nationalization of all of the interests and properties in Libya of BP Exploration Company (Libya) Limited (BP), a subsidiary of British Petroleum Company Limited. On September 1, 1973, on the fourth anniversary of the military takeover of Libya led by Colonel Muammar el-Qaddafi, the Government of Libya announced the nationalization of 51 percent of the interests and properties in Libya of nine international oil companies. Approximately 5½ months later, on February 11, 1974, on the eve of the opening of the Washington conference of major oil-importing nations, the Government of Libya announced the nationalization of the remaining 49 percent of the interests and properties in Libya of three of those nine companies: Texaco Overseas Petroleum Company (TOPCO), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc.; California Asiatic Oil Company (CALASIATIC), a subsidiary of Standard Oil Company of California; and the Libyan American Oil Company (LIAMCO), a subsidiary of Atlantic Richfield Company.

Roosevelt's Populism: The Kansas Oil War of 1905 and the Making of Corporate Capitalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Kyle Williams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Industry Competition ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Oil Company

AbstractThe map of the American petroleum industry shifted rapidly from the Northeast to the Southwest at the turn of the twentieth century when spectacular gushers were struck first in Texas and soon in California, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The flood of small and mid-size oil producers broke the hold that the Standard Oil Company had for decades held on the industry. Competition defeated monopoly. Or so the conventional story goes. This article offers a more complicated narrative by focusing on conflicts between Standard Oil and independent producers in the booming towns of southeast Kansas in 1904 and 1905. In those years, John D. Rockefeller's firm established a monopoly through technologies of distribution and distillation and the production of scientific knowledge and opaque classifications of commodities. Oil producers revolted. A reform movement turned to the rhetoric and policy ideas of Populism as it sought to use state power to challenge the stranglehold of the “octopus.” This article explores the previously unrecognized significance of this movement by showing how the Kansas oil war contributed to the breakup of Standard Oil by the Supreme Court in 1911 and constituted one of the bottom-up sources for the reconstruction of American capitalism.

Iran’s Claim to the Sovereignty of Bahrayn

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Khadduri
Keyword(s):  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
Oil Company

The Oil Nationalization Act passed unanimously by both houses of the Iranian Parliament in March, 1951, raised once more the long-standing issue of Iran's claim to sovereignty over Bahrayn. The Iranian extremists, from both the left-wing Tudeh Party and the right-wing Fida'iyan Islam group, at first criticized Parliament for its silence about the oil of Bahrayn but, when the law for the expropriation of the Anglo-Iranian Company was enacted in April, they demanded that these laws should in like manner be applied to the Bahrayn Petroleum Company, jointly owned by the Standard Oil Company of California and the Texas Company, on the grounds that the Bahrayn Islands form a part of Iranian territory.

scholarly journals Waiting for a deus ex machina: ‘Sustainable extractives’ in a 2°C world

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-489
Author(s):  
Dinah Rajak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Growth Forecasts

In recent years the oil industry has shifted from climate change denialism to advocacy of the Paris Agreement, championing sustainability in an apparent assertion (rather than rejection) of corporate responsibility. Meanwhile growth forecasts continue unabated to finance the industry’s enthusiasm for upstream ventures in uncharted territories. How do extractive companies, and those who work in them, square this contradiction? Fieldwork among oil company executives points to a new wave of techno-optimism: a deus ex machina that will descend from the labs of corporate research and development (R&D) labs to reconcile these irreconcilable imperatives. Rather than denial, the projection of win-win synergies between growth and sustainability involves a suspension of disbelief; an instrumental faith in the miraculous power of technology that tenders salvation without forsaking fossil fuels, or restructuring markets.

Applied Mechanics Problems in the Oil and Gas Industry

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Roegiers
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Current Research Activity

The petroleum industry offers a broad spectrum of problems that falls within the domain of expertise of mechanical engineers. These problems range from the design of well production equipment to the evaluation of formation responses to production and stimulation. This paper briefly describes various aspects and related difficulties with which the oil industry has to deal, from the time the well is spudded until the field is abandoned. It attempts to delineate the problems, to outline the approaches presently used, and to discuss areas where additional research is needed. Areas of current research activity also are described; whenever appropriate, typical or pertinent case histories are used to illustrate a point.

Multinational Oil Companies in South America in the 1920s: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Functions ◽  
Oil Company

Generalizations are always difficult, especially in the context of varied national experiences. But by looking at the evolution of oil company activity in the 1920s in South America and by examining the range of relevant business functions — marketing, refining, production, exploration, transportation — the author throws light on the development of business-government relations in that part of the world, where the hostility of host nations to multinational enterprises was to grow so strong.

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