Conservative Versus Progressive Orthodoxy in Latter 19th Century Congregationalism

1947 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Everett Swift
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Evangelical Theology ◽  
Insight Into

During the 19th century a concept, in itself neither religious nor anti-religious, modified the thought of a great number of Americans. This was the concept of gradual development. One application of this concept, which had a profound effect upon Congregational thought, was the assumption that insight into religious truth comes only gradually. This view seemed to threaten all formulations of tradition and all embodiments of revelation which had been assumed to be final and complete. Another concept, closely related to that of development, also gravely disturbed the New England theology of the latter 19th century. There was a revival of stress on the immanence of God within the created world. For certain Congregationalists, divine influence upon man came to be viewed as working wholly through the channels of natural law and natural growth, rather than by sudden invasion from without. To conservatives, this stress seemed to blur a central truth in evangelical theology, the perilous chasm between sinful men and the holy, judging God.

The Explosion in Law Publishing

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Stuart Banner
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
The 19Th Century

This chapter discusses the rapid proliferation of case reporting that took place in the 19th century. There were few published court opinions available to lawyers in the early part of the century. Lawyers necessarily grounded their arguments on broad principles, including principles of natural law. But by the century’s end, lawyers complained that they were drowning in reported cases. It was a common observation in the second half of the century that the glut of published opinions had changed the nature of law practice. Precedents had pushed principles aside. Natural law accordingly began to play a smaller role in litigation.

»Es soll aufgabe der vorliegenden arbeit sein …«

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pichler
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Seminary Students ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Writing Practice ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article aims to provide an initial insight into the practical philological work of seminary students around 1900 who study German language and literature. Within a historical-praxeological case study I want to discuss one specific text, a so-called ›Seminararbeit‹, submitted by a student in 1884. Johann Zmölnig writes about Paul Fleming, a German- and Latin-writing author from the 17th century, who becomes popular for his poems in the decades after his young death. But also later on, he is seen as a figure for German-language writing in questions of language-policy - and during the 19th century in particular for philologists and their editorial work. In more than a hundred handwritten pages the student shows several aspects of philological writing-practice: studies of language and style, linguistic criticism, biographical writing as well as the ability to enhance the prevailing perception of Fleming’s poetry.

scholarly journals ON THE PECULIARITIES OF CHRONOTOPE IN NEW ENGLAND GOTHIC: THE HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES BY NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE AND THE HAUNTING OF HILL HOUSE BY SHIRLEY HARDIE JACKSON

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
El’mira V. Vasil’yeva
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
American Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Nathaniel Hawthorne ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Gothic Novels ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with Mikhail Bakhtin’s term «the chronotope of the castle» analysed on the material of two New England Gothic novels – «The House of the Seven Gables» by Nathaniel Hawthorne and «The Haunting of Hill House» by Shirley Hardie Jackson. The author assumes that chronotope is not just a spacetime characteristic, but a set of motifs – the motive of dark past, the motif of spatial and temporal isolation, and the motif of «sentient» house. All of these motifs were used by classic Gothic novel writers of the 1760s to 1830s, and were as well employed in later quasi-Gothic texts. At the turn of the 19th century, Gothic novel commenced its parallel development in American literature, where it subsequently became one of the national genres. American writers aspired to adapt Gothic poetics to the cultural context of the country. For instance, in New England Gothic fi ction, the chronotope of the castle was transformed into the chronotope of the «bad» house. However, the set of motifs has remained the same: both Hawthorne and Jackson consistently used the motifs, provided by British Gothic fi ction, yet they further explored them and came up with their own interpretations.

scholarly journals O rukopisu Kitab-i bosnevi iz Zbirke bosanske alhamijado književnosti sa pojedinim arapskim tekstovima

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 67-95
Author(s):  
Nerma Zaimović
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

The poem Kitab-i bosnevi is just one of several that represents a compilation of moralistic alhamijado poems. They are collected in one Collection of Bosnian alhamijado literature with individual Arabic texts. The aim is to determine orthographic features through orthographic and phonetic-phonological analysis of the manuscript Kitab-i bosnevi, supposed to date from the 19th century, show how the author wrote words of domestic origin and recorded terms of oriental origin taken from Arabic and Persian. Detailed orthographic analysis of words of domestic and oriental origin was emphasised in the poem Kitab-i bosnevi. The Viennese version of Sehvetul-vusul, by Omer Hazim Humo, offered us more precise insight into the characteristics of writing alhamijado literature. Words of oriental origin were recorded by respecting their way of writing concerning the original language. In some examples, there were deviations where the author offered a completely different way of recording certain voices. Based on the phonetic-phonological analysis of the song Kitab-i bosnevi, specific voices are entirely adapted to the phonetic system of the Bosnian language.

PLANNING AND CONTROL IN THE 19th CENTURY ICE TRADE

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H. Kistler ◽  
Clairmont P. Carter ◽  
Brackston Hinchey
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes selected accounting records of the Tudor Ice Company which were devised to manage and control the far-flung business activities of Frederic Tudor, a 19th century entrepreneur who has been called America's first monopolist. Tudor's business genius lay in developing methods of harvesting, transporting, storing, and marketing commercial quantities of ice taken from New England ponds and shipped to tropical ports around the world. Frederic Tudor employed relatively sophisticated accounting techniques to analyze and control transportation costs and the costs of product shrinkage. He also routinely analyzed and translated foreign currency transactions for his geographically dispersed operations and evaluated the impact of competition on his operations.

The Separation of Law and Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-118
Author(s):  
Stuart Banner
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Important Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses an important change in lawyers’ understanding of the relationship between the spheres of law and religion during the 19th century. In the early Republic these spheres substantially overlapped. Natural law was understood to have been created by God. Christianity was considered to be part of the common law. Americans may not have become any less religious in the 19th century, but they increasingly came to think of religion as part of one’s private, personal life, separate from the public sphere of law. As law and religion separated, the notion that natural law should play a role in the legal system came to seem more and more anomalous.

scholarly journals The development of free indirect constructions in Dutch novels

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Clement
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Direct Discourse ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
Free Indirect Style ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWhy is the free indirect style such a useful narrative means to portray characters' minds in fictional texts? This article gives more insight into this phenomenon by analyzing texts from earlier times. Previous studies state that the free indirect style for the representation of thoughts emerged in Dutch literary prose in the 19th century. However, this article shows that the roots of this technique were already present in 17th century Dutch popular literature novels. The analysis of these novels provides us with more insight into this phenomenon. Before the emergence of free indirect style, the most common form for the representation of a character's consciousness was direct discourse. The suggestion that the character is ‘thinking out loud' makes this thought representation unnatural, as emotions and feelings are often pre-verbal and wordless. Free indirect style gives the narrator the possibility to formulate that which the character cannot put into words. The free indirect style allows the author to merge descriptions of events and actions with the character's inner life, feelings, questions and wishes without a change in the narrative style when it comes to personal pronouns and tense.

scholarly journals De (mythe van de) luie Javaan. De koloniale standpunten van een vader en zijn zoon (over Sytze en Philippus Pieter Roorda van Eysinga)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Rick Honings
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Father And Son ◽  
Insight Into

In 1818, Sytze Roorda van Eysinga travelled to the Dutch East Indies together with his wife and three daughters. After his arrival, he was appointed as church minister in Batavia by the governor-general. A short time later, his son Philippus Pieter Roorda van Eysinga, who stayed in the Netherlands after his parents’ departure, followed his family to the colony. In the following years, father and son both travelled through the Indonesian archipelago. After his return to the Netherlands, Philippus would become a prominent linguist in Javanese and Malay. After the death of Sytze in 1829, Philippus published his fathers’ and his own travel experiences in four volumes under the title: Verschillende reizen en lotgevallen van S. Roorda van Eysinga (1830–1832). Their texts provide a fascinating insight into colonial ideas in the first decades of the 19th century. How did Sytze and Philippus represent the indigenous people of the colony and what similarities and differences can be found in their accounts?

scholarly journals Teacher Preparation in Ontario: A History

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Kitchen ◽  
Diana Petrarca
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Elementary And Secondary Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

While teacher education has changed dramatically over the years, educators, policy-makers and the general public are largely unaware of the history of teacher preparation in the province. This history, beginning in the 19th century, tells the story of increasing professionalism over the years as Ontario adapted its system to meet a rising demand for elementary and secondary education. It is a story of authority over education, as teacher training under provincial direction became teacher education in universities, and as accreditation shifted to the Ontario College of Teachers. It is a story of reform, and the limits of reform, in the preparation of teachers for a diverse and changing world. By better understanding the history of teacher preparation in the past, we may gain insight into the present situation and imagine a better future for teacher education in Ontario.

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