A Tale of Two Kings: Alfred the Great and Æthelred the Unready

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 195-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Keynes
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The West ◽  
Apparent Contrast ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Qualities

IN the gallery of Anglo-Saxon kings, there are two whose characters are fixed in the popular imagination by their familiar epithets: Alfred the Great and ÆEthelred the Unready. Of course both epithets are products of the posthumous development of the kings' reputations (in opposite directions), not expressions of genuinely contemporary attitudes to the kings themselves: respective personalities. In the case of Alfred, it was the king’s own resourcefulness, courage and determination that brought the West Saxons through the Viking invasions, for it was these qualities, complemented by his concern for the well–being of his subjects, that inspired and maintained the people’s loyalty towards the king and generated their support for his cause. Whereas in the case of jEthelred, it was the king’s incompetence, weakness and vacillation that brought the kingdom to ruin, for it was these failings, exacerbated by his displays of cruelty and spite, that alienated the people and made them abandon his cause. Few historians, perhaps, would subscribe to such a view expressed as bluntly as that, and more, I suspect, would consider such comparisons to be futile and probably misconceived in the first place. I would maintain, however, that something is to be gained from the exercise of comparing the two kings in fairly broad terms: by juxtaposing discussions of the status of the main narrative accounts of each king’s reign we can more easily appreciate how their utterly different reputations arose, and see, moreover, that in certain respects the apparent contrast between them might actually be deceptive; by comparing the predicament in which each king was placed we can better understand how one managed to extricate himself from trouble while the other succumbed; and overall we can more readily judge how much, or how little, can be attributed to personal qualities or failings on the part of the kings themselves.

The Britons in Southern Scotland

Antiquity ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 29 (114) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
The People ◽  
Northern Portion

The archaeological background of the people of what is now Scotland south of the Forth and Clyde in the Roman period was a La Téne one, and specifically chiefly Iron Age B. This links them intimately with the Britons of southern Britain in the conglomeration of Celtic tribes who called themselves Brittones and spoke what we call the Brittonic or Ancient British form of Celtic, from which are descended the three modern languages of Welsh, Cornish and Breton. To the north of the Forth was a different people, the Picts. They too were Celts or partly Celts; probably not Brittones however, but a different branch of the Celtic race, though more closely related to the Brittones than to the Goidels of Ireland and (in later times) of the west of Scotland. Not being Brittonic, the Picts may be ignored here. Our southern Scottish Brittones are nothing but the northern portion of a common Brittonic population, from the southern portion of which come the people of Wales and Cornwall. Some historians speak of the northern Brittones as Welsh, following good Anglo-Saxon precedent, but this is apt to lead to confusion. The best term for them, in the Dark Ages and early Medieval period, as long as they survived, is ‘Cumbrians’, and for their language, ‘Cumbric’. They called themselves in Latin Cumbri and Cumbrenses, which is a Latinization of the native word Cymry, meaning ‘fellow-countrymen’, which both they and the Welsh used of themselves in common, and is still the Welsh name for the Welsh to the present day. The centre of their power was Strathclyde, the Clyde valley, with their capital at Dumbarton.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

Marxism, Morality and Ideology the Marxist Moral Paradox and the Struggle for Social Justice

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Mokgethi B.G. Mothlabi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
The People ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is a certain paradox inherent in Marx's criticism of morality. On the one hand, he rejects morality as a form of bourgeois ideology which serves mainly to justify the status quo. The status quo in question is one which is mainly detrimental to ordinary working people, while favouring property owners as well as owners of the means of production. In this sense Marx's condemnation of morality resembles his condemnation of religion, which he saw as the opium of the people. On the other hand, Marx employs morally significant language to challenge what he regards as the evils of capitalism and their destructive effects on the working class. It becomes clear from all this that capitalism cannot be seen as purely an economic matter. Insofar as it affects the lives and well-being of people, it is also a moral issue and deserves to be judged accordingly. How Marx steers between his seeming rejection of morality and, at the same time, using it to criticise capitalism is the main concern of this article. In the process, Marx's concept of ideology is explained while the focus and motivation of his social critique is also briefly considered.

scholarly journals The Mind in the Old English Prose Psalms

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (296) ◽  
pp. 597-617
Author(s):  
Amy Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Text ◽  
The West ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Consolation Of Philosophy ◽  
The Mind

Abstract The Prose Psalms, an Old English translation of the first 50 psalms into prose, have often been overshadowed by the other translations attributed to Alfred the Great: the Old English Pastoral Care, with its famous preface, and the intellectually daring Old English translations of Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and Augustine’s Soliloquies. However, this article proposes that, regardless of who wrote them, the Prose Psalms should be read alongside the Old English Consolation and the Soliloquies: like the two more well-studied translations, the Prose Psalms are concerned with the mind and its search for true understanding. This psychological interest is indicated by the prevalence of the word mod (‘mind’) in the Old English text, which far exceeds references to the faculty of the intellect in the Romanum source. Through comparison with the Consolation and the Soliloquies, this article demonstrates that all three texts participate in a shared tradition of psychological imagery. The three translations may well, therefore, be the result of a single scholarly environment, perhaps enduring for several decades, in which multiple scholars read the same Latin, patristic writings on psychology, discussed these ideas among themselves, and thereby developed the vernacular discourse observable in these three translations. Whether this environment was identical with the scholarly circle which Alfred gathered at the West Saxon court remains a matter for debate.

The People, Rhetoric, and Affect: On the Political Force of Du Bois'sThe Souls of Black Folk

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELVIN L. ROGERS
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Black Folk ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Souls Of Black Folk ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
The One

In recent decades, the concept of “the people” has received sustained theoretical attention. Unfortunately, political theorists have said very little about its explicit or implicit use in thinking about the expansion of the American polity along racial lines. The purpose of this article in taking up this issue is twofold: first, to provide a substantive account of the meaning of “the people”—what I call its descriptive and aspirational dimensions—and second, to use that description as a framework for understanding the rhetorical character of W.E.B. Du Bois's classic work,The Souls of Black Folk, and its relationship to what one might call the cognitive–affective dimension of judgment. In doing so, I argue that as a work of political theory,Soulsdraws a connection between rhetoric, on the one hand, and emotional states such as sympathy and shame, on the other, to enlarge America's political and ethical imagination regarding the status of African-Americans.

Gregory the Great: Reader, Writer and Read

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 12-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Anlezark
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Literature And Society ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Ninth Century ◽  
Christian Literature

An episode unique to the late ninth-century Life of Gregory the Great by John the Deacon reports a famine that occurred in the year of Gregory’s death; a hostile party blamed the lavish generosity of the late pope for Rome’s suffering. The fury of the people was roused and they set out to burn Gregory’s books. However, the deacon Peter, Gregory’s familiarissimus, intervened to dissuade them, telling the people that Gregory’s works were directly inspired by God. As proof he asked God to take his life, and promptly dropped dead. This episode is not found in the earlier accounts of Gregory’s life: the brief account in the mid seventh-century Liber pontificalis, the early eighth-century Life by an anonymous monk of Whitby, and the mid eighth-century account by Paul the Deacon. Doubtful as John the Deacon’s account of the exchange between Peter and the mob may be, it does tell us something about the status of Gregory and his works in the mid 870s, when Pope John VIII commissioned the new hagiography. Gregory the Great became one of the most widely read authors of the Middle Ages, and even in his lifetime some of his works were eagerly sought after. With his popularity and influence Gregory not only added to the body of Christian literature, but also made a lasting contribution to the debate over what kinds of works it was appropriate for Christians to read. This essay will survey his works and discuss his ideas on reading and literature, and on the establishment of a Christian literary canon. The influence of Gregory’s works and ideas will be examined in relation to one particular medieval nation - Anglo-Saxon England. As the instigator of the Anglo-Saxon mission, Gregory enjoyed a great reputation as an author in Anglo-Saxon England, where his ideas on literature and society had a lasting impact.

scholarly journals Malaysian People Financial Prosperity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Fadillah Ismail ◽  
Zuhaimy Ismail ◽  
Mohd. Azhar Abd Hamid ◽  
Ismail Mohamad ◽  
Adibah Abdul Kadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
The Poor ◽  
International Statistical Institute ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Government

During the first sitting of the fifth term of the 13th Malaysian Parliament, The Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Muhammad V pledged to reign in a just and fair manner by placing the well-being of the people and prosperity of the nation above all else.  Thus it becomes the task of the Malaysian Government which includes the financial prosperity of the people.  This paper aims at identifying the level of financial prosperity of Malaysian people.  It has been identified that financial prosperity is a major problems among Malaysians, a result obtained from a survey research with 2000 samples taken from the whole country which is in accordance with the standards set by the International Statistical Institute [ISI].  The data collected were analyzed using various statistical methods and one of the method used to determine the people financial prosperity or financial well-being is by using index, namely the Malaysian People Satisfaction Index [MPSI]. We categorized the financial prosperity into four levels, namely the poor income, moderate income, good income and excellent income. The survey results show that the level of financial prosperity for Malaysian people is 49.6% with a mean of 4.88 which is categorized as moderate income. Further analysis shows that there are significant differences between the respondents' demographic factors and the financial prosperity.  This shows that the government and relevant agencies need to play a more significant role to ensure the policies that are enacted can contribute to the well-being of the people.  It would just be very difficult for Malaysia to become a developed nation by 2020 if the status of financial prosperity or financial well-being of its people is still at moderate level income. 

A Facet of Geumgwan gaya society through their Clay Dolls

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-58
Author(s):  
Dabin Kim ◽  
Gyoengseon Min
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
A Site ◽  
Research Institute

Clay Dolls, which means a doll made of earth, was excavated from the Silla area, mainly in Gyeongju. Accordingly, research on clay figurines in Silla has been carried out actively and it would not be too much to say that it was mostly Silla’s clay figurines which have been mostly studied so far. The study of clay figurines of Gaya has been relatively slow, probably due to the fact that the cases of excavations are very limited. Recently, various types of clay figurines have been excavated from the presumed royal palace site of Geumgwan Gaya under the excavation and investigation by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Earlier in Gimhae, a variety of clay figurines, including character clay figurines, were excavated in an excavation to create a site for a hanok living experience center. Based on these new data, this paper tries to infer the different characters, roles and significance of clay figurines in Gaya society, by studying various kinds of clay figurines excavated from Geumgwan Gaya territory. Bonghwang-dong, which is believed to be the center of Geumgwan Gaya, is a complex of relics including living facilities, hospitality facilities, trading facilities, workshop sites and earthen fortresses. Various clay figurines were excavated at the main sites of Bonghwang-dong s historical site, from which that the people of Gaya used clay dolls to perform ceremonial acts there can be inferred. In Bonghwang-dong sites other than the presumed royal palace ruins, horse shaped clay dolls and the clay dolls resemble utensils used in rituals are usually found. human figured clay dolls, animal figured clay dolls, house figured clay dolls have been excavated around the presumed royal palace ruins within Bonghwang-dong site which differentiates this region from the rest of the site. Along with the presumed royal palace ruins, there is a tendency of various clay figurines being found in the other ruin in the hanok living experience center with multiple purpose relics. In conclusion, there is a possibility that clay dolls had been used to wish for the well-being of the family members by the ruling group, or the well-being of the community at importance areas like the presumed royal palace ruins and the hanok living experience center ruins. This kind of tendency is found in many ruins around the Ancient Gimhae Bay(Gogimhae-Man), which leads to an assertion that various rituals and ceremonial acts had been carried out using clay dolls throughout that area.

scholarly journals Muslim Nationalism

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Sharif al Mujahid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Great Poet ◽  
Poetic License ◽  
The One

Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a man of great many ideas-sublime and serene, dynamic and romatic, provocative and profound.He was both a great poet and a serious thinker; but in poetic works liesenshrined most of his thought. It seems rather platitudinous to say, but itis important to note, that a poet is essentially a man of moods, and enjoysa sort of poetic license which is scrupulously denied to a prose-writer.Since a poet usually gives utterance to his reactions to a given situation,his utterances and ideas need not always be compatible with one another.Such was the case with Iqbal.During his poetic career, spanning some four decades, Iqbal hadimbibed, approved, applauded and commended a great many ideas -ideas which occupied various positions along the spectrum on thephilosophic, social, and political plane. Thus, at one time or another, hecommended or denounced nationalism; propagated pan-Islamism andworld Muslim unity; criticised the West for its materialism, for its cutthroatcompetition and for its values while applauding the East for itsspiritualism and its concern for the soul; and condemned capitalismwhile preaching “a kind of vague socialism.”’ While, on the one hand, hesteadfastly stood for “the freedom of ijtihad with a view to rebuild thelaw of Shari’at in the light of modern thought and experience,” and evenattempted to reformulate the doctrines of Islam in the light of twentiethcentury requirements a la St. Augustine, he, on the other, also defendedthe orthodox position and the conservatism of Indian Islam on somecounts. Though “inescapably entangled in the net of Sufi thought," heyet considered popular mysticism or “the kind of mysticism whichblinked actualities, enervated the people and kept them steeped in allkinds of superstitions” as one of the primary causes of Muslim declineand downfall.It is to this aspect of Iqbal that Professor Hamilton A.R. Gibb wasreferring when he suggested: ...

scholarly journals Analysis of Leading Sector in Disadvantaged Regions of Pesisir Barat Regency as an Economic Development Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Feri Hardani ◽  
Toto Gunarto ◽  
Neli Aida ◽  
Yudastio Yudastio
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Government

Pesisir Barat Regency is the youngest regency in Lampung Province. Pesisir Barat Regency is the result of the division of West Lampung Regency, which was ratified based on Law Number 22 of 2012 concerning the Establishment of the West Coast Regency of Lampung Province on October 25, 2012 then inaugurated on April 22, 2013. West as an underdeveloped district in Indonesia, As a new autonomous region, West Coast District continues to improve to catch up, align itself or even surpass other areas in Lampung Province. Efforts to improve are carried out in a synergistic and simultaneous manner covering all fields and sectors, both in the government, economic, and cultural sectors. These efforts lead to the goal of prospering the people of Pesisir Barat Regency. West coast district has a lot of regional potential that can be developed to improve the status of the area and carry out development for progress. This study aims to look at the leading sectors in the disadvantaged areas of the west coast district. Based on the results of the analysis and calculation results that have been carried out, there are several leading sectors in the west coast district, namely the Location Question> 1. Shortly, the west coast district as a disadvantaged district has the potential to be developed based on its superior sector.

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