scholarly journals Gorgias and the Socratic Principle Nemo Sua Sponte Peccat

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Calogero
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
First Case ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Certain Answers

More than a century ago the great German scholar Welcker tried to confirm the tradition that amongst the sophists the real master of Socrates had been Prodicus. Welcker called him his ‘forerunner’. In our century this valuation was once exaggerated to the extent of maintaining that the ‘principle of Prodicus’—that is, the care for the exact distinction and usage of the meanings of synonyms—had been the starting-point for every sound development in logic, whereas the methodical pattern presupposed by Socrates in his discussions was, on the contrary, a Prinzip der absoluten Vieldeutigkeit, a principle of absolute equivocation and ambiguity, and therefore the starting-point for every kind of trouble in that field.Of course, the connection of Socrates with Prodicus was justified by the fact that both, in their conversations, appeared frequently to be dissatisfied with certain answers or expressions of their interlocutors, and therefore discussed the meanings of certain terms used by them. But the difference between the two approaches was very sharp, as appears from every passage of the Socratic dialogues of Plato, in which Prodicus is introduced to explain the demands of his synonymies in the midst of the debate. He wants everybody to use, for example, the verb εὐφραίνεσθαι in some cases and the verb ἥδεσθαι in some others, following what he thinks to be the right usage, the ὀρθότης ὀνομάτων; whereas Socrates does not care what kind of words one may use, but is only interested in what one really expresses by these words, that is, the meaning which he gives to them. Both search for meanings of words: but Prodicus' question is: What does it mean?—and Socrates' question is: What do you mean?—Prodicus says: ἀνδρεία means this, θρασύτης means that: so you shall use ἀνδρεία in the first case and θρασύτης in the second. Socrates asks: What do you mean by ἀνδρεία? (τί λέγεις τὴν ἀνδρείαν;).

scholarly journals Creativity Versus Innovativeness: Exploring the Differences between the Two Constructs May Lead to Greater Innovation in Large Firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cocco ◽  
Majdi Quttainah
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustained Competitive Advantage ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

<p>Several individuals from top management seem to be confused about the difference between creativity and innovativeness. Amabile (1997) suggests that while innovation begins with creative ideas, creativity by individuals and teams is only a starting point for innovation. Individual creativity is necessary but not sufficient to yield breakthrough innovation in organizations. This can sometimes cause confusion in employee development efforts and actions taken by management. Companies often look for ways to hire and retain creative employees and at the same time they are also interested in establishing a creative environment for knowledge workers… but should creativity be the primary focus? These firms hope that creativity enhancing steps will eventually lead to greater innovation and therefore help it to achieve sustained competitive advantage. This paper attempts to demonstrate that there are potentially other dimensions beyond creativity related to innovativeness, which should be considered at the individual level in order to foster innovation in firms. Empirical results in this study support the idea that intrinsic motivational orientation, sociability and political astuteness are enhancers to employee innovativeness while perfection seeking behavior detracts employee innovativeness. These findings may serve to extend Amabile’s (1997) componential framework to center on the “innovativeness” construct versus creativity to help explain how firms need to hire, cultivate and retain the right talent.</p>

scholarly journals Language and laughter in the treatise of Philo of Alexandria The worse attacks the better

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-624
Author(s):  
Maksim Prikhodko
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Initial Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Case ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Ideal

The present paper investigates the interaction between Logos and language in the treatise of Philo of Alexandria "The Worse attacks the Better". Language is regarded by Philo as the actualization of thought in its articulated expression, as the initial moment of creativity. The source of such action is the divine Logos, but the development of thought in the word happens in two opposite directions: one leads to joy, while the other, to suffering. The starting point of this separation is the initial orientation (love) of the mind to God or to self. In the first case, the mind in the act of utterance (expression) overcomes its own isolation. It comes into contact with the divine Logos and achieves joy. The crucial moment of this "leaving the brackets" of self individual thinking towards the light of the divine Logos is laughter. In another case, when the mind does not link words with their source, false creativity is produced, leading to suffering. Аpplying the concept of laughter to the doctrine of Logos and language, Philo reconciles the ideal plan of conceiving truth and its interpretation with the real functioning of the human mind and speech.

scholarly journals Assessing Nigerian political leadership with a democratic paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-72
Author(s):  
Ignatius C. Uzondu
Keyword(s):  
Political Leadership ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bad Leadership

A sober reflection or speculation on African leadership portrays the practice of authentic democracy as a perennial problem in Nigeria and in African continent. Democratic/electoral process is where citizens choose representatives in government by means of free, fair, contested and regularly scheduled elections and where adults have the right to vote and their votes count. But Nigerian democracy lacks basic trust. It is really a universal problem but Africans and Nigerians in particular got larger portion as our democratic practice is very poor. The citizens should be the starting point and focus of democracy, but this is not the case in Nigeria as many political and elected elites represent their business interest. This democratic deficit or deficiency is seen in local, state and federal levels of Nigerian government and this leads gradually to a serious decline in citizen’s active participation or active citizenship. Using expository and analytic method of inquiry, we found out that Nigerians and Africans may have been drifting from this form of government due to some of its demerit. Again, Africa has been long known for its communitarian living/communalism which we found to have enormous similarities with democracy though the difference is clear. Corruption, bad leadership, lack of originality and the likes are the causes of lack of authentic democratic practice and leadership in Africa and in Nigeria. Finally, this study concludes that the dividends of authentic democracy will be fully evident and rooted in Nigeria and Africa only when we embrace democracy in full. Keywords: Political leadership, Democracy, Communalism

Debt and Contract in the Common Law

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Levontin
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
As If

The difference between what a man already owns, or property, and what he is only entitled to claim, or obligation, is fundamental. A debt represents what a man is entitled to claim, but because of its proximity to a claim in detinue and for other reasons to be hereafter discussed, it is for many purposes treated as if it were something that a man already owns. The owner of a debt may not help himself by seizing what he is owed and must, like the owner of any chose in action, implement his right with the cooperation of the debtor or else by resort to the courts. Nevertheless, he who owns a debt enjoys a peculiarly “strong” right. This strength derives in part from the “real” nature of the right; by virtue of this a creditor, such as a lender or an unpaid vendor, is treated in some respects almost as if he were already the owner of what is owed, in particular a lender as if he went on owning the money lent to the borrower. And even in cases where a debt does not originate in a real transaction (as, for instance, a judgment-debt or income tax owed to the government, in which cases the creditor has not previously given that, or the equivalent of that, which he now claims) it is still “strong” because the object in obligatione, viz. money or other fungibles, is “indestructible” and therefore a debt cannot be frustrated by impossibility.

Automatic Spatial Updating during Locomotion without Vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Farrell Martin ◽  
James A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Spatial Updating ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
The Real ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Initial Location ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As If

People can update their spatial relationships relative to the environment while walking without vision. The hypothesis that such updating is automatic was tested in a locomotor task in which the subjects were asked to refrain from updating their positions. Subjects walked without vision to one of four previously seen targets via a second location. In one condition—the updating condition—the subjects were asked to walk to the real position of the target relative to the second location; in another—the ignoring condition—they were asked to imagine that they had not moved from the starting point and to walk from the second location as if walking to the target from the initial location. When the subjects were asked to start walking to the target as soon as it was named by the experimenter, they performed better in the updating condition than in the ignoring condition. When the subjects were allowed more time to respond, the difference in performance between these two conditions disappeared. The results suggest that the subjects automatically updated their positions as they moved, but that, given enough time, they could override this updating retrospectively using more deliberate cognitive processing.

scholarly journals Circular weights in Przeworsk culture – fishnet sinkers or elements of a looms. An attempt of interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 137-196
Author(s):  
Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
First Case ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
The Right

Clay circular weights are most often interpreted as sinkers for fishing nets or weaving weights – an elements of the vertical warp-weighted looms. The starting point for writing this article was the presence of such specimens at four settlements of the Przeworsk culture located on the right side of the Vistula River (Dobre, Nieszawa Kolonia, Oronne, Puławy-Włostowice). The oldest circular weights are dated back to the Neolithic period. With varying intensity, they are also recorded within the sites of all subsequent periods and in various parts of Europe. The youngest are related to the Middle Ages and Modern Age. The article focuses mainly on circular weights from the Roman Period and the early phase of the Migration Period (Przeworsk culture, Wielbark culture, Masłomęcz group, Luboszyce culture / Elbe circle), also using chronologically and culturally different analogies, as well as the results of experimental archaeology, iconographic and ethnographic sources. Circular weights were analysed for the possibility of relating them with weaving and / or fishing. In the first case, I focus on the analysis of factors such as: the context of the discovery, the number and condition of the weights, as well as their shape, weight and the presence of use-wear traces. In the second, issues such as raw material, accuracy and method of production, as well as weight, place and context of discovery, accompanying artefacts were considered.

scholarly journals The legal nature of the relationship for the acquisition of certificates real estate fund

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
O.V. Ilkiv
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Real Estate Financing

The article analyzes the legal nature of relations and the content of rights that arise on the basis of agreements for the acquisition of certificates of the real estate fund, and in particular the procedure for their implementation. The author considers the nature of the legal relationship, in which the main purpose is for the manager to perform the duties of the trustee with the greatest benefit and in the interests of the holders of certificates of real estate funds. An analysis of the relationship of participation in the real estate fund allows us to conclude that the trust relationship can be transformed into an absolute property right of the manager of the real estate financing fund, and investors (holders of real estate fund certificates) finance the construction.The funds invested in the real estate financing fund are used to finance a specific object. In the further investment process other participants take part, including the developer with whom the owner of the certificate of fund of real estate operations, is not in contractual relations. The owner of the certificates of the real estate fund has the right to require the manager to comply with the restrictions of the right of trust ownership in the process of fund management.The characteristics of the relationship for the acquisition of certificates of the real estate fund, where the basis of the binding relationship is property, is emphasized by differences and commonalities. The difference is that in contrast to property relations, which mostly involve the existence of the object, the moment of their occurrence, the inclusion of the object in the legal relationship is carried out by performing actions that must or may be performed by their participants, or from which you need to refrain.It is concluded that the agreement on the acquisition of FON certificates belongs to the generic type of property management agreements and the application of this agreement in the field of housing construction is due only to the fact that in this way funds are raised for its financing. transfer of ownership of housing.

Legal Update: North Dakota Supreme Court: Third Edition of Guides is “Most Current”

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.

Adult-to-Adult Living-Donor Liver Transplantation

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majno ◽  
Mentha ◽  
Berney ◽  
Bühler ◽  
Giostra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Living Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Program ◽  
First Case ◽  
Living Donor Transplantation ◽  
The Right

Living donor liver transplantation is a relatively new procedure in which the right side of the liver is harvested in a healthy donor and transplanted into a recipient. After the first case in 1994, over 3000 cases have been done worldwide. This review summarizes the reasons why the procedure is needed, describes its main technical aspects, highlights the boundaries in which it can be done safely, summarizes the current experience worldwide and describes the main points of the program in our unit. We argue that living-donor transplantation is a viable alternative to a long time on the waiting list for several patients, and it can be performed safely and successfully provided that all precautions are undertaken to minimize the risks in the donor and to increase the chances of a good outcome in the recipients. If these prerequisites are met, and within the framework of a structured multidisciplinary program, we believe that living-donor liver transplantation should be funded by health insurances as a recognized therapeutic option.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

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