Negotiating Cultural Allies: American Music in Darmstadt, 1946-1956

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Beal
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
English Translation ◽  
American Music ◽  
Experimental Music ◽  
West Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Catalytic Role

In the context of postwar and Cold War cultural politics, the Darmstädter Ferienkurse für Neue Musik set the stage for Germany's ambivalent reception of American music in the decades following World War II. This article weighs the catalytic role of American music in Darmstadt between 1946 and 1956; traces the relationships among U. S. cultural officers, German patrons, and representatives of American music in Darmstadt; and describes events in Darmstadt that led to a growing interest in American experimental music in West Germany. An English translation of Wolfgang Edward Rebner's 1954 Ferienkurse lecture "American Experimental Music" is included as an appendix.

Communism and anti-Communism in early Cold War Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariuzzo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
Western Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion

The struggle in projects, ideas and symbols between the strongest Communist Party in the West and an anti-Communist and pro-Western government coalition was the most peculiar founding element of the Italian democratic political system after World War II. Until now, most historians have focused their attention on political parties as the only players in the competition for the making of political orientations and civic identities in Italian public opinion. Others have considered Italian political struggle in the 1940s and 1950s in terms of the polarisation between Communism and organized Catholicism, due to the undoubted importance of the Church in Italian culture and social relations. This book enlarges the view, looking at new aspects and players of the anti-Communist ‘front’. It takes into account the role of cultural associations, newspapers and the popular press in the selection and diffusion of critical judgements and images of Communism, highlighting a dimension that explains the force of anti-communist opinions in Italy after 1989 and the crisis of traditional parties. The author also places the case of Italian Cold War anti-Communism in an international context for the first time.

scholarly journals Die militärpolitische Emanzipation Deutschlands – Afrika als Exerzierplatz?

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (162) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Werner Ruf
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
World War ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Military Engagement ◽  
The Eu

After World War II (West-)Germany was supposed to never again become a military Power. When it joined NATO all its troops had to be under the command of the alliance – but its contributions to NATO grew steadily. In the 2 + 4 treaty the united Germany pledged to never undertake any military aggression. With the Treaty of Masstricht the EU started to establish its own security policy. Germany’s active engagement in both alliances became its instrument for military emancipation. With growing military engagement of the EU (and Germany) -- especially in Africa -- as well as the predominant role of Germany in the EU and its engagement in the UN and NATO, the country is back on its way to becoming one of the big powers.

Thailand at the Margins

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Glassman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
The Cold War

Jim Glassman addresses the role of the state in the industrial transformation of what was, before the economic crisis of 1997-98, one of Southeast Asia's fastest growing economies. Analyzing the Cold War period, the period of the economic boom, as well as the economic crisis and its political aftershock, Thailand at the Margins recasts the story of the Thai state's post-World War II development performance by focusing on uneven industrialization and the interaction between internationalization and the transformation of Thai labor.

Domestic Constraints on West German Ostpolitik: The Role of the Expellee Organizations in the Adenauer Era

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Ahonen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
World War ◽  
East European ◽  
Domestic Constraints ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
General Studies

TheOstpolitik of the early Federal Republic presents a puzzle: why did West Germany—a country that consistently denounced the brutal Eastern policies of the Third Reich and sought to present itself as a new, peace-loving entity—refuse to normalize its relations with most East European countries until the early 1970s? The existing literature has explained Bonn's behavior primarily with reference to foreign policy calculations, such as the need to isolate the GDR and its satellite allies and to avoid granting unilateral concessions to the Soviet bloc. Although such Staatsräson considerations were very significant for the Federal Republic's policymakers, they do not tell the whole story. Movement on Eastern policy was also significantly hindered by domestic factors, the most important of which was the influence of the Vertriebenenverbände—the pressure organizations purporting to represent the millions of Germans expelled from Eastern Europe in the aftermath of World War II. The role of these organizations has typically received passing reference in general studies of Ostpolitik, but the specialized literature on the topic has remained weak.

Organising Discontent: NGOs for Southeast Asian Migrant Workers in Hong Kong

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sim
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Catalytic Role

In the five decades after World War II, diverse non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have proliferated in different parts of the world to address a variety of issues ranging from humanitarian aid to human rights. At the same time, the volume of vitriolic criticisms levelled against them have also risen. This paper seeks to identify the types of changes NGOs are able to bring about in society. By adapting and applying David Korten's (1990) typology of NGOs, the author undertakes a comparative analysis of NGOs in Hong Kong that are involved with the improvement of foreign workers' rights and welfare. The argument is that the different strategies adopted by the NGOs have wrought social changes in diverse ways, from the provision of welfare assistance to the mass mobilisation of workers, in both sending and receiving countries. This is an example of the catalytic role of NGOs in contributing to a trans-border "community of sentiment" (Appadurai, 1990).

scholarly journals KAISAR AMERIKA DI NEGERI SAKURA : PERANAN DOUGLAS MACARTHUR DALAM REKONSTRUKSI JEPANG PASCA PERANG DUNIA II

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginanjar Setia Mulyana ◽  
Agus Mulyana ◽  
Leli Yulifar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Douglas Macarthur

The main purpose of this research is to describe the Role of Douglas MacArthur in the Reconstruction of Japan after World War II in 1945-1951. Historical method is being used in this research paper, the method consists of : heuristic, critic, interpretation, and historiography. While the main topic of this research is how is the role of Douglas MacArthur in the reconstruction of Japan after World War II. Since he was appointed as SCAP in Japan by president Truman, with the supreme authority more than the Emperor himself, the U.S military officer made many reconstructive policies for Japan which was U.S main enemy of the Pacific War. With so many critics threw upon him from the Western countries, MacArthur rebuilt Japan from the political and economical sector with some changes especially liberalism and democratic view. The purpose of the reconstruction in to make Japan as the same side with the United States in the middle of Cold War with Soviet Union.

Niemiecko-polskie doświadczenie, spotkanie, kontakt i dialog w europeizacyjnej pedagogice Andrzeja Jaczewskiego i Karla-Josefa Klugego

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-152
Author(s):  
Joachim Broecher ◽  
Piotr Toczyski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Intercultural Learning ◽  
Life Journey ◽  
The Cold War

The shared pedagogy of Andrzej Jaczewski and Karl-Josef Kluge grew out of the political and social changes taking place in West Germany after 1968. Their pioneering work focused on international integration, participation, intercultural learning, educating the gifted, giving space to creativity, and building leadership skills. The international pedagogical interactions initiated at that time were primarily the result of Andrzej Jaczewski’s long life journey marked first by German aggression and World War II and later by his conciliatory response to the postwar West German peace impulse. More than half a thousand participants in German-Polish encounters experienced transformative contact and spaces for dialogue in the Europeanising integration current despite the Cold War. We are reconstructing the shape of this experience and its immediate and distant effects by analysing documents, recording oral histories and describing our own autobiographical encounter experience in the stream of humanistically oriented social sciences. Our exchange of ideas was carried out in 2019–2021 remotely and during study visits to Berlin, Kraków, and Andrzej Jaczewski’s home in Ropki. With this article we contribute to the critical debate on the superficiality of the currently proposed education based on behavioural control in a barren and alienated education system. We advocate a pedagogy that prioritises individual freedom, more vibrant communities, increased autonomy, and cosmopolitanism.

“The (final) solution of the Gypsy-question:” continuities in discourses about Roma in Hungary, 1940s–1950s

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Eszter Varsa
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
World War ◽  
Hungarian Society ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
State Socialist ◽  
Radical Solution

Although the repression and elimination of Roma from Hungarian society in the 1940s did not reach the same extent as in the German and Austrian part of the Third Reich, their characterization as lazy and work-shy, used to justify their persecution, was similar. This paper establishes the presence of racial hygienic discourse related to Roma during the late 1930s and the first half of the 1940s in Hungary, and traces its survival and influence on regional policy-making in the postwar period. It furthermore explores the transformation and adaptation of racism and eugenics to the socialist ideology of equality based on citizens' participation in productive work in the early state socialist period, including the first Party declaration on the situation of Roma in Hungary in 1961. Specific attention is paid to the role of medical experts who discussed the “radical solution of the Gypsy-question” in the early 1940s and the immediate years following World War II. Reflecting on wider transformations of racism in the postcolonial and post-World War II period in Europe and North America, the paper contributes to scholarship that complicates the evaluation of the state socialist past, including the connection between medicine and politics in Cold War Europe.

scholarly journals KAISAR AMERIKA DI NEGERI SAKURA : PERANAN DOUGLAS MACARTHUR DALAM REKONSTRUKSI JEPANG PASCA PERANG DUNIA II

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginanjar Setia Mulyana ◽  
Agus Mulyana ◽  
Leli Yulifar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Douglas Macarthur

The main purpose of this research is to describe the Role of Douglas MacArthur in the Reconstruction of Japan after World War II in 1945-1951. Historical method is being used in this research paper, the method consists of : heuristic, critic, interpretation, and historiography. While the main topic of this research is how is the role of Douglas MacArthur in the reconstruction of Japan after World War II. Since he was appointed as SCAP in Japan by president Truman, with the supreme authority more than the Emperor himself, the U.S military officer made many reconstructive policies for Japan which was U.S main enemy of the Pacific War. With so many critics threw upon him from the Western countries, MacArthur rebuilt Japan from the political and economical sector with some changes especially liberalism and democratic view. The purpose of the reconstruction in to make Japan as the same side with the United States in the middle of Cold War with Soviet Union.

Computer Chess and Chess Computers in East Germany

ICGA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Ingo Althöfer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
East Germany ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
West Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Computer Chess ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
East German ◽  
The Cold War

After World War II, Germany was split into four occupation zones, from which two states arose in 1949: West Germany (officially called FRG) and East Germany (officially GDR). East Germany was under Soviet control until 1989. In both states, computer chess and chess computers followed interesting, but rather different paths. We give an overview of East German developments: on commercial chess computers, problem chess programs, the book of 1987, the Serfling tournaments, and correspondence chess pioneer Heinrich Burger. There exist important interrelations between topics. The starting point is a short description of the Cold War situation with its harsh economic consequences for the socialist states, including East Germany.

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