Industrial Revolution in the West: Hard-Rock Miners and the New Technology

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wyman
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Daniela Cristina Momete ◽  
Tudor Prisecaru

AbstractA new industrial revolution is on the verge in the energy domain considering the knowledge and skills acquired through the development of new energy technologies. Shale gas processing, unconventional oil exploitation, new exploring/drilling methods, mature renewable energy or in progress, all generated a wealth of knowledge in new technology. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the positive and negative aspects of energy solutions, and to reveal the way to a world where a valid sustainable development, based on safe and rational premises, is actually considered. The paper also introduces suggestions for the energy system, which has a crucial importance in coping with the resource management of the future, where the economic, social, and environmental/climate needs of the post-crisis world should be suitably considered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Windi Dwi Saputra ◽  
Yenni Kurniawati

ABSTRACTThe development of technology that is termed ad Industrial Revolution 4.0 is an era of innovation developed rapidly that can help the creation of new technology. The research findings developed an Android based instructional media that was named as WINLAB (Wawasan didalam Pembelajaran Laboratorium), it consisted of the introduction of laboratory equipment, and it was expected to ease students in the learning process. It was Mixed Method Research. The research findings showed that this instructional media had the appropriateness with 85% percentage and very valid criterion by the validators of media experts, 96.92% percentage and very valid criterion by the validator of material experts, practicality test by Chemistry subject teachers showed 92% percentage with very practical criterion, the response test of the tenth-grade student of MIA 1 at State Sport Senior High School Riau Province stated that Android based instructional media was very good with 90% percentage. However, this research still consisted of some shortcomings, so it was expected in the future that the effectiveness test would be done to know the effectiveness of the media.  Keywords: WINLAB, android, chemistry instructional media  ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi yang diistilahkan dengan revolusi industri 4.0 merupakan era inovasi yang berkembang sangat pesat sehingga mampu membantu terciptanya teknologi baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendesain dan uji coba media pembelajaran berbasis android pada materi praktikum pengenalan alat laboratorium kimia yang digunakan sebagai sumber belajar yang mudah di akses bagi peserta didik SMA. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan sebuah media pembelajaran berbasis android yang diberi nama “WINLAB” (Wawasan didalam Pembelajaran Laboratorium) yang berisikan tentang pengenalan alat-alat laboratorium yang diharapkan dapat memudahkan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Mixed Method. Research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran ini memiliki kelayakan oleh validator ahli media dengan persentase 85% dengan kriteria sangat valid, validator ahli materi dengan persentase 96.92% dengan kriteria sangat valid, uji praktikalitas oleh guru kimia dengan persentase 92% dengan kriteria sangat praktis, dan uji respon peserta didik kelas X MIA 1 SMAN Olahraga Provinsi Riau menyatakan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis android sangat bagus dengan persentase 90%. Namun, penelitian ini masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan sehingga diharapkan kedepannya dilakukan uji efektifitas untuk mengetahui keefektifan media. Kata kunci: WINLAB, android, media pembelajaran kimia


Author(s):  
Cem Zafer ◽  
Pelin Vardarlier

The industrial revolution, which took place in the 20th century, is the first step of similar developments in the ongoing centuries. In the first steps of this century, the use of steam machines in production is the first steps of a more serial and systematic production structure. With the advancing developments up to the industrial revolution or Industry 4.0, a structure quite different from the initial stage was formed. In the most general sense, the Industry 4.0 structure, defined as the internet of objects, emerges with a more systematic and self-functioning structure discourse in its production activities, but its effects are not only related to production activities. As a matter of fact, the use of Industry 4.0 at the point reached, human resources, employment, social classes, communities, and so on. It is thought to be effective on the structures. In this context, in this study, the effects of the social impacts of these processes and the ways in which Industry 4.0 can create a social structure have been explained.


Author(s):  
Christ P. Paul ◽  
Arackal N. Jinoop ◽  
Saurav K. Nayak ◽  
Alini C. Paul

Additive manufacturing is one of the nine technologies fuelling the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). High power lasers augmented with allied digital technologies is changing the entire manufacturing scenario through metal additive manufacturing by providing feature-based design and manufacturing with the technology called laser additive manufacturing (LAM). It enables the fabrication of customized components having complex and lightweight designs with high performance in a short period. The chapter compiles the evolution and global status of LAM technology highlighting its advantages and freedoms for various industrial applications. It discusses how LAM is contributing to Industry 4.0 for the fabrication of customized engineering and prosthetic components through case studies. It compiles research, development, and deployment scenarios of this new technology in developing economies along with the future scope of the technology.


2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beck Ryden

Analysis of the 1776 and 1790 agricultural censuses from Carriacou overturns the notion that only farmers with small holdings cultivated cotton in the West Indies. The evidence shows that cotton squeezed out all other crops on Carriacou during the first phase of the Industrial Revolution. The island's cotton planters were socially diverse; the yeomanry with their small their farms often competed successfully with the owners of the large plantations financed by wealthy metropolitan investors. Despite the viability of the more modest operations in this industry, however, the largest estates offered creditors comparatively lower transaction and information costs. Furthermore, the data from 1790 indicate that the largest estates achieved the highest output per hand, provided that the “gangs” of enslaved laborers were sufficiently monitored by free workers.


2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (09) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Don W. Dareing ◽  
Thomas Thundat

This article reviews that the future belongs to machines built at molecular scales—if the tools to engineer them. Just as the steam engine sparked the industrial revolution of the 19th century, nanotechnology will likely ignite a new industrial revolution during the 21st century. Nanotechnology has the potential to impact all industries; the health care and computer industries are already capitalizing on it. New materials are being created that will affect everything from aerospace and energy to recreation and entertainment. Science is uncovering new technology almost daily, which will have a great impact on many aspects of society. These technologies are at various stages of development, but in the end, each spin-off product must withstand the test in the marketplace. The evaluation of each product will still be based on the same set of metrics as other products: performance, cost, risk or reliability, and availability. To satisfy these metrics, engineers will need analytical tools to make performance predictions, establish production costs and lifecycle economics, quantify the risk associated with new technologies, and satisfy a dynamic market.


Author(s):  
Arnoldo José de Hoyos Guevara ◽  
José Luiz Alves da Silva

The article presents a general scenario on the theme of Internet of Things - IoT, aiming to discuss the opportunities, the impacts and the associated risks, highlighting them under the sight of well-being in our lives and society in general. This paper deals with questions regarding accelerated and disruptive high-tech transformations, in order to be strategically prepared and to deal with challenges ahead. It is in the interest of all to know and anticipate the transformations that are underway and those that will be probable in the future, capturing the spirit of accelerated change that is around us, to prevent impacts, to draw personal strategies to seize opportunities and to avoid serious ruptures in our work and in our personal lives. The contribution for other studies is to allow ongoing discussions regarding the possible changes of behaviors coming from this new environment that will be made possible by the use of the IoT. Some of these behaviors are already on its way. Still, others are to be perceived and developed. This article presents, in the first topic, the new environment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where it is inserted the concept of IoT. It advances, in the second topic, with the discussion of the extension of the usage of the new technology, its impact and its applications. And it ends discussing the behavioral changes that the massive use of this application may bring us regarding well-being.


2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD G. LIPSEY

Abstract:This paper argues that technological advance is a necessary condition for sustained economic growth. Technologies and institutions co-evolve in a system of mutual causation. Although some institutions inhibit growth while others encourage it, no single institution is either necessary or sufficient to produce sustained growth. However, some non-unique bundle of encouraging institutions is necessary. Sustained growth began with the Industrial Revolutions that did not just ‘fall out of the blue’ but were instead the culmination of three trajectories of technological advance in steam power, electric power, and the mechanization of textile manufacturing. These stretched over several centuries. Growth then became sustained when the West ‘invented how to invent’. A necessary condition for the Industrial Revolutions was Western science whose roots lie as far back as the scholastic philosophers and the medieval universities. Its absence elsewhere is a sufficient reason why no other place developed its own indigenous industrial revolution.


1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Mokyr

Technological progress depends for its success on a conducive social environment. The resistance to innovation is identified as a central element governing the success of new inventions. Such resistance usually takes the form of non-market processes. It consists of vested interests, whose assets are jeopardized by new techniques, as well as by intellectuals who are opposed to new technology on principle. The role of resistance in the British and French economies during the Industrial Revolution is assessed.


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