Men’s family participation in low-income urban neighbourhoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-172
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods

scholarly journals From gentrification to re-urbanization : the expanding terrain of socio-spatial inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey J. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
World Cities ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Post Industrial

This paper examines a confluence of factors and consequence linked to changing socio-economic and spatial arrangements in the post-industrial globalized city. Neo-liberal urban governance and the influence of evolved capitalist economic and cultural structures have altered the demographic landscape of many cities. Urban neighbourhoods are increasingly exclusive to the middle and upper classes, as state support for low-income populations wanes in favour of revenue growth and a fixation on image. Gentrification has expanded geographically, and is often promoted by policy with little regard for gradual but substantial displacement of the poor. These patterns are epitomized in large 'world cities' such as New York, London, and Toronto that are the financial and cultural centresof their region; the conditions are mergent in a growing number of cities worldwide. If government are to prevent standardization of these processes and commit to measures for social sustainability, they must first demonstrate greater capacity for intervention in market-based inequalities.

scholarly journals The Influence of Social Class on Family Participation in Children’s Education: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador R. Vazquez ◽  
Patricia M. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Children’S Education

Parental involvement in children’s education is commonly accepted as beneficial. However, family social class plays a crucial role in the efficacy of homework help. In a comparative case study, a low-income immigrant family from Mexico and a middle-income family in Los Angeles were observed helping their children with math homework and were asked questions about goals, tutoring strategies, and beliefs about learning. Qualitative analysis focused on two effective teaching methods: scaffolding and productive struggle. The low-income mother with little formal education provided direct help rather than a scaffold, and disapproved of hard problems. However, an older sibling with more education than her mother used scaffolding and believed that difficult problems aid learning. In these respects, she resembled the college-educated middle-income mother. The sister exemplifies how older siblings in immigrant families provide bridges to educational achievement for younger siblings. We suggest effective ways for schools to involve parents who lacked educational opportunity themselves to participate in the education of their children.   How to cite this article: Vazquez, S. R., & Greenfield, P. M. (2021). The Influence of Social Class on Family Participation in Children’s Education: A Case Study. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 30(1), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v30n1.89185

scholarly journals Covid-19 and inequality: developing an age-friendly strategy for recovery in low income communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Tine Buffel ◽  
Patty Doran ◽  
Mhorag Goff ◽  
Luciana Lang ◽  
Camilla Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on issues facing older people living in urban areas characterised by multiple deprivation. Design/methodology/approach The paper first reviews the role of place and neighbourhood in later life; second, it examines the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and the impact of COVID-19; and, third, it outlines the basis for an “age-friendly” recovery strategy. Findings The paper argues that COVID-19 is having a disproportionate impact on low-income communities, which have already been affected by cuts to public services, the loss of social infrastructure and pressures on the voluntary sector. It highlights the need for community-based interventions to be developed as an essential part of future policies designed to tackle the effects of COVID-19. Originality/value The paper contributes to debates about developing COVID-19 recovery strategies in the context of growing inequalities affecting urban neighbourhoods.

Evaluating how licensing-law strategies will impact disparities in tobacco retailer density: a simulation in Ohio

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055622
Author(s):  
Peter F Craigmile ◽  
Nathaniel Onnen ◽  
Elli Schwartz ◽  
Allison Glasser ◽  
Megan E Roberts
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
School Based ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Control Effort ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Risk Communities

ObjectivesTo assess tobacco licensing-law strategies (eg, restricting the sale of tobacco near schools, banning the sale of tobacco in pharmacies) in terms of the equity of their impact and ability to correct existing disparities in tobacco retailer density.MethodsWe geocoded all 11 392 tobacco retailers in Ohio, categorised neighbourhoods based on their demographic characteristics and calculated current disparities in tobacco retailer density. We next simulated the four main types of licensing-law strategies (capping-based, declustering-based, school-based and pharmacy-based), as well as strategy combinations. Finally, using statistical methods that account for residual spatial dependence, we evaluated how each strategy would impact density disparities.FindingsThe most impactful licensing-law strategy depended on the type of community. School-based reductions were equitable for low-income, African–American and urban neighbourhoods (eg, eliminating retailers from 1000 feet of all schools produced a 9.2% reduction in the log retailer rate for neighbourhoods with a low prevalence of African–Americans and a 17.7% reduction for neighbourhoods with a high prevalence of African–Americans). Conversely, capping-based reductions were equitable for rural neighbourhoods. Pharmacy-based reductions demonstrated inequitable impacts.ConclusionLicensing-law strategies could be a central tobacco control effort that benefits both the overall population and vulnerable communities. Policymakers will need to consider their community’s characteristics when selecting licensing-law strategies to correct (rather than inadvertently widen) density disparities. But when matched with the appropriate strategy, high-risk communities could remove over 20% of their tobacco retailers.

scholarly journals Connecting with home, keeping in touch: physical and virtual mobility across stretched families in sub-Saharan Africa

Africa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Porter ◽  
Kate Hampshire ◽  
Albert Abane ◽  
Alister Munthali ◽  
Elsbeth Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Virtual Mobility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThere is a long history of migration among low-income families in sub-Saharan Africa, in which (usually young, often male) members leave home to seek their fortune in what are perceived to be more favourable locations. While the physical and virtual mobility practices of such stretched families are often complex and contingent, maintaining contact with distantly located close kin is frequently of crucial importance for the maintenance of emotional (and possibly material) well-being, both for those who have left home and for those who remain. This article explores the ways in which these connections are being reshaped by increasing access to mobile phones in three sub-Saharan countries – Ghana, Malawi and South Africa – drawing on interdisciplinary, mixed-methods research from twenty-four sites, ranging from poor urban neighbourhoods to remote rural hamlets. Stories collected from both ends of stretched families present a world in which the connectivities now offered by the mobile phone bring a different kind of closeness and knowing, as instant sociality introduces a potential substitute for letters, cassettes and face-to-face visits, while the rapid resource mobilization opportunities identified by those still at home impose increasing pressures on migrant kin.

scholarly journals Increasing access to fresh produce by pairing urban farms with corner stores: a case study in a low-income urban setting

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2770-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Gudzune ◽  
Claire Welsh ◽  
Elisa Lane ◽  
Zach Chissell ◽  
Elizabeth Anderson Steeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Urban Farm ◽  
Corner Stores

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to pilot collaborations between two urban farms with two corner stores to increase access to fresh produce in low-income neighbourhoods.DesignWe conducted a pre–post evaluation of two farm–store collaborations using quantitative distribution and sales data. Using semi-structured interviews, we qualitatively assessed feasibility of implementation and collaboration acceptability to farmers and storeowners.SettingLow-income urban neighbourhoods in Baltimore, MD, USA in 2012.SubjectsPair #1 included a 0·25 acre (0·1 ha) urban farm with a store serving local residents and was promoted by the neighbourhood association. Pair #2 included a 2 acre (0·8 ha) urban farm with a store serving bus commuters.ResultsProduce was delivered all nine intervention weeks in both pairs. Pair #1 produced a significant increase in the mean number of produce varieties carried in the store by 11·3 (P<0·01) and sold 86 % of all items delivered. Pair #2 resulted in a non-significant increase in the number of produce varieties carried by 2·2 (P=0·44) and sold 63 % of all items delivered.ConclusionsOur case study suggests that pairing urban farms with corner stores for produce distribution may be feasible and could be a new model to increase access to fruits and vegetables among low-income urban neighbourhoods. For future programmes to be successful, strong community backing may be vital to support produce sales.

Remote data collection methods to inventory COVID-19 interventions in low-income urban settlements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Taylor ◽  
Manshur Talib ◽  
Amos Wandera ◽  
Joseph Mulligan ◽  
Vera Bukachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;In this PICO, we outline methods used to inventory the spatial distribution and characteristics of COVID-19 response activities (&amp;#8216;interventions&amp;#8217;) in Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya). About 1/8 of the World&amp;#8217;s Population live in slums and informal settlements. For these people, COVID-19 has presented unique challenges for managing health and livelihoods within the constraints of high-density housing and poor-quality infrastructure. In addition, reliable spatial, demographic and health data is often limited for these areas. Between April and July 2020, using the Survey123 smartphone application, combined with social media searches and phone enumeration, we inventoried 270 individual COVID-19 interventions taking place in Kibera, an informal settlement of 2.67 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and an estimated 187,000 to 1 000,000 inhabitants. Results show a large variety in the type of intervention (58 unique types) and organiser (&gt;88 individual organisers), with 39% of interventions led by small scale organisations such as local NGOs and community groups. We found an uneven spatial distribution of interventions within Kibera, with some already underserved neighbourhoods having less access to COVID-19 relief. Many interventions are clustered around the limited open spaces with good accessibility by road, highlighting the need for better coordination between organisers, and the importance of open space for resilience building. Using isochronal service area analysis, we find that 80% of structures are within a 9-minute round trip of a handwashing station. However, 64% of structures have a 24-54 minute round trip to female sanitary supplies, illustrating gender differences in the impact and recovery from COVID-19. Our data is available online in an interactive map dashboard. Our survey results illustrate that rather than being seen as vectors of disease, low income urban neighbourhoods are part of the solution for managing pandemics, and highlight the importance of infrastructure upgrading and planning to build resilience to a range of shocks and stresses.&lt;/p&gt;

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