Historical distance, physical presence and the living past of cities

2022 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Key Fowden ◽  
Suna Çağaptay ◽  
Edward Zychowicz-Coghill ◽  
Louise Blanke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Presence

Rashid Rida’s Struggle to Establish A Modern Islamic State

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Assad N. Busool
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Presence

Reform movements are important religious phenomena which haveoccurred throughout Islamic history. Medieval times saw theappearance of religious reformers, such as al-Ghazali, Ibn Taimiyah,Ibn Qayim al-Jawziyah and others; however, these reform activitiesdiffered significantly from the modern reform movement. The medievalreformers worked within Muslim society; it was not necessary to dealwith the external challenge presented by Europe as it was for themodern Muslim reformers after the world of Islam lost its independenceand fell under European rule. The powers of Europe believed that Islamwas the only force that impeded them in their quest for world dominanceand, relying on the strength of their physical presence in Muslimcountries, tried to convince the Muslim peoples tgat Islam was ahindrance to their progress and development.Another problem, no less serious than the first, faced by the modernMuslim reformers was the shocking ignorance of the Muslim peoples oftheir religion and their history. For more than four centuries,scholarship in all areas had been in an unabated state of decline. Thosereligious studies which were produced veered far from the spirit ofIslam, and they were so blurred and burdened with myths and legends,that they served only to confuse the masses.The ‘Ulama were worst of all: strictly rejecting change, they still hadthe mentality of their medieval forebearers against whom al-Ghazali,Ibn Taimiyah and others had fought. Hundreds of years behind thetimes, their central concern was tuqlid (the imitation of that which hadpreceeded them through the ages). For centuries, no one had dared toquestion this heritage or point out the religious innovations it impaired.In conjunction with their questioning of the tuqlid, the modernreformers strove to revive the concept of ijtihad (indmendentjudgement) in religious matters, an idea which had been disallowedsince the tenth century. The first to raiseanew the banner of $tihad inthe Arab Muslim world was Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani; after himSheikh Muhammad ‘Abduh in Egypt, and after him, his friend and ...

Zofia Kulik. The Splendor of Myself

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Women Artists ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Physical Presence

Narratives about women artists usually point to the obstacles they face in the development of their artistic careers. In her article, the author proposes an analysis that concentrates on how a woman artist – Zofia Kulik – presented herself as the heroine of a successful story of emancipation in the series of works titled The Splendor of Myself (1997, 2015, 2017). The self-image she presents is paradoxical: we deal with both her ostentatious presence and her absence as her physical presence is hidden behind the gorgeous but extremely stiff dress. It corresponds with Kulik’s understanding of her success as directly related with the wealth of images and the mastery of composition.

Epilogue: Dance as Experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Schlapbach
Keyword(s):  
Physical Reality ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Cultural Force

The epilogue synthesizes the insights gained from the preceding chapters. The observation that non-representational dances trigger interpretations in the internal audiences highlights at once the capability of dance to go beyond representation and the need to find meaning in it. Just as the dancers are affected by the physical reality of their performance, so the spectators too are affected by the physical presence of the dancers. Dance is performative and dynamic, and its way to cognition and action is experience. Dance reconciles opposites by encapsulating vitality and disruption, rational patterns and sensory experience, presence and transience, active and passive. The mimesis of dance interacts in many ways with the pragmatic contexts of its performance, making it a powerful cultural force.

scholarly journals Is Facebook an effective tool to access foreign markets? Evidence from international export performance of fashion firms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mazzucchelli ◽  
Roberto Chierici ◽  
Angelo Di Gregorio ◽  
Claudio Chiacchierini
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Social Crm ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Physical Presence

AbstractSocial networks are a driving force of digital transformation and offer firms the opportunity to market products and services to both international consumers and providers, establish durable relationships with them, and improve their own competitiveness. The study analyzes the role played by the use of Facebook for online advertising, building interaction and brand communities, implementing social CRM activities, and conducting market research, as well as a sales channel alternative to physical presence, in firms’ international export performance, both in terms of managers’ perceptions and Facebook buy button conversion rate. A survey-based empirical analysis of 105 fashion firms operating worldwide was conducted. The results of multiple regression analyses show that building conversations and brand communities positively affects international export performance, while advertising via Facebook yields mixed results. By comparing firms that have a physical presence with those that do not, the former turned out to benefit from especially in-store advertising and promotions to enhance their Facebook buy button conversion rate; while the latter can improve their performance mainly by adopting outdoor and transit advertising and digital marketing. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on social media marketing and international business and, by adopting a firm-level perspective, provides interesting insights for practitioners since it allows to understand how to develop an effective Facebook strategy to succeed in foreign markets.

scholarly journals Grasping Assisting Algorithm in Tele-Operated Robotic Gripper

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2640
Author(s):  
Tomer Fine ◽  
Guy Zaidner ◽  
Amir Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Complete State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Power Grasp ◽  
Grasp Quality

The involvement of Robots and automated machines in different industries has increased drastically in recent years. Part of this revolution is accomplishing tasks previously performed by humans with advanced robots, which would replace the entire human workforce in the future. In some industries the workers are required to complete different operations in hazardous or difficult environments. Operations like these could be replaced with the use of tele-operated systems that have the capability of grasping objects in their surroundings, thus abandoning the need for the physical presence of the human operator at the area while still allowing control. In this research our goal is to create an assisting system that would improve the grasping of a human operator using a tele-operated robotic gripper and arm, while advising the operator but not forcing a solution. For a given set of objects we computed the optimal grasp to be achieved by the gripper, based on two grasp quality measures of our choosing (namely power grasp and precision grasp). We then tested the performance of different human subjects who tried to grasp the different objects with the tele-operated system, while comparing their success to unassisted and assisted grasping. Our goal is to create an assisting algorithm that would compute optimal grasps and might be integrated into a complete, state-of-the-art tele-operated system.

scholarly journals #ChinaMustexplain: Global Tweets, COVID-19, and Anti-Black Racism in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 003464462199268
Author(s):  
Anwar Ouassini ◽  
Mostafa Amini ◽  
Nabil Ouassini
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
Racial Projects ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
History Of

One of the consequences of the emergence of COVID-19 has been the glaring racial and ethnic disparities that have defined the course of the spread of the virus. As a recent migrant-minority community in China, the Black community’s experience has been defined by vulgar racism, exploitation, and stigmatization. In the context of COVID-19, the Black community in China was again a target of multiple racial projects which sought to label their bodies as diseased and physical presence as a threat to the viability and safety of the Han majority. The global response was to mobilize online to expose how the Chinese government is systematically facilitating discriminatory policies against Black migrants in China. In the present paper, we explore how Twitter was utilized to mobilize awareness about anti-Black racism in China. We first present a brief history of African migration to China and then discuss the Han racial ideologies that are inspiring the anti-Black racism. We then use latent Dirichlet allocation as a topic modeling algorithm to extract underlying themes to discuss how anti-Black racism in the COVID-19 context was framed and subsequently challenged by the global community. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion on COVID-19 and the future of the Black community in China.

scholarly journals Symbiosis with artificial intelligence via the prism of law, robots, and society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatis Karnouskos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Law And Society ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The People ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
And Robotics

AbstractThe rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics will have a profound impact on society as they will interfere with the people and their interactions. Intelligent autonomous robots, independent if they are humanoid/anthropomorphic or not, will have a physical presence, make autonomous decisions, and interact with all stakeholders in the society, in yet unforeseen manners. The symbiosis with such sophisticated robots may lead to a fundamental civilizational shift, with far-reaching effects as philosophical, legal, and societal questions on consciousness, citizenship, rights, and legal entity of robots are raised. The aim of this work is to understand the broad scope of potential issues pertaining to law and society through the investigation of the interplay of law, robots, and society via different angles such as law, social, economic, gender, and ethical perspectives. The results make it evident that in an era of symbiosis with intelligent autonomous robots, the law systems, as well as society, are not prepared for their prevalence. Therefore, it is now the time to start a multi-disciplinary stakeholder discussion and derive the necessary policies, frameworks, and roadmaps for the most eminent issues.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL MEMBRANE LESIONS BY THE FIFTH COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Polley ◽  
Hans J. Müller-Eberhard ◽  
Joseph D. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Immune Hemolysis ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Reverse Situation

A direct quantitative relationship has been demonstrated between the number of cell bound C4,2 complexes or C5 molecules and the number of ultrastructural lesions visualized on the cell membrane subsequent to immune hemolysis. When bound C4,2 complexes exceeded bound C5 molecules, the number of ultrastructural lesions seen corresponded to the number of C5 molecules. However, in the reverse situation, with bound C5 molecules in excess of bound C4,2 complexes, the latter determined the number of lesions. During the complement-reaction sequence, the lesions first became visible in the nonlytic intermediate complex EAC1,4,2,3,5 and their number was unaffected when lysis was induced by C6–C9. Since the lesions were also demonstrable on the intermediate complex EC5,6,7, it is concluded that the protein C5 is responsible for their production. Once formed, the physical presence of the C5 molecule is no longer required for the manifestation of the lesions as indicated by persistence of lesions after removal of C5 protein by trypsin. The C5-dependent ultra-structural phenomenon has therefore been interpreted to represent a true structural change of the membrane which, however, is not accompanied by a permeability defect.

scholarly journals Neighborhood street activity and greenspace usage uniquely contribute to predicting crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Schertz ◽  
James Saxon ◽  
Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez ◽  
Luís M. A. Bettencourt ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Graph Modeling ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractCrime is a costly societal issue. While many factors influence urban crime, one less-studied but potentially important factor is neighborhood greenspace. Research has shown that greenspace is often negatively associated with crime. Measuring residents’ use of greenspace, as opposed to mere physical presence, is critical to understanding this association. Here, we used cell phone mobility data to quantify local street activity and park visits in Chicago and New York City. We found that both factors were negatively associated with crime, while controlling for socio-demographic factors. Each factor explained unique variance, suggesting multiple pathways for the influence of street activity and greenspace on crime. Physical tree canopy had a smaller association with crime, and was only a significant predictor in Chicago. These findings were further supported by exploratory directed acyclic graph modeling, which found separate direct paths for both park visits and street activity to crime.

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