Potential Functional and Dysfunctional Effects of Continuous Monitoring (Retracted)

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1551-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Hunton ◽  
Elaine G. Mauldin ◽  
Patrick R. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Research Findings

ABSTRACT: The trend toward continuous monitoring of automated business transactions by the internal audit function is growing as organizations seek to improve internal control. In this study, we demonstrate that continuous monitoring and the time horizon over which performance-contingent incentives are based can interact, thereby yielding potential functional and dysfunctional effects on managerial decisions. Seventy-two experienced corporate managers completed a between-participants experiment that randomized monitoring frequency (periodic or continuous) and incentive horizon (short-term or long-term). We found that earnings management of real activities significantly decreased as the frequency of monitoring increased in the presence of a short-term incentive horizon—a functional effect. However, with a long-term incentive horizon, the participants’ willingness to change the current level of investment in a risky but viable project significantly dropped as the frequency of monitoring increased, even though additional investment would enhance the likelihood of the project’s eventual success—a dysfunctional effect. We also observed that more frequent monitoring significantly decreased the willingness of managers to continue with a risky but viable project regardless of incentive horizon and the effect was significantly pronounced in the presence of a short-term, relative to long-term, incentive horizon—another dysfunctional consequence. Implications of the research findings to theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Deepening Analysis on Internal Control Procedures of Cost Estimation Design in Road and Bridge Construction Units - and the Relation with Internal Audit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2850-2869
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Hong Nhung ◽  
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy ◽  
Vu Quynh Nam ◽  
Hoang Thanh Hanh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Design Software

Our study will specify solutions for internal control of cost estimation design in road and bridge construction units in Hanoi-Vietnam. Authors mainly use methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis; investigate; summarizing experience; The above methods are used in combination for the purpose of reviewing and evaluating the problems of the research object of the article: theory and practice of internal control for the estimating design of bridge - road in construction units based in Hanoi, period 2015 to 2020. Our research findings show that we need to invest in information technology, purchasing modern computers and backup equipment. Especially those who operate, repair computers and update basic information for design software. Also, the contractor's personnel organization must be flexible to changes in the policy mechanism, i.e interchangeable in the professionalization posture. Finally, author also propose other solutions for better internal control.

scholarly journals The temporal and the temporary. Time, collaboration and architecture in post-quake Christchurch

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Barnaby Bennett ◽  
Timothy John Moore
Keyword(s):  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New City

<p>This paper will look at an apparent tension between master plans that envision cities as finished objects and temporary projects that form in response to more immediate issues and concerns. In the five years since the large earthquake that struck Christchurch on February 22, 2011, a huge array of interventions, planning decisions, and design proposals have been made -affecting the lives of thousands of people and costing many billions of dollars. These actions are almost always separated into temporal categories of the short-term and the long-term; temporary and the permanent. In this categorisation there is a strange paradox in which the more concrete short-term actions are characterised as ephemeral and the paper ideas of the long-term more real. <br />The relationship between two forms is complex. Temporary and permanent forms of city-making can be complementary or in conflict - and sometimes both at the same time. Temporary projects can act as stepping-stones to a “finished” city, they can subvert and undermine the long-term plans, and they can support some aspects while undermining others.<br />The creation of a master plan in Christchurch – 18 months after the earthquakes – will be compared and contrasted with the making of a large temporary project called the Pallet Pavilion. Notions of <em>public engagement strategies</em>, <em>finishing</em>, and <em>risk management</em> will be articulated and used to illustrate how different the modes of temporary and permanent design operate in relation to the construction of the contemporary city.<br />Concepts from actor network theory will be used to describe the temporary and permanent forms of city-making and different associate types of collaboration. It is argued that the conception and planning of a new city and the design and construction of temporary amenities produce different experiences of time, and different forms of temporality. The authors are PhD candidates researching the role of temporary architecture in contemporary urban settings - this paper reflects on research findings from post-quake Christchurch.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Cereal Yield in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Onour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Bound Test

To estimate the long-term effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on cereal yield in Sudan, we employed an autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) bound test for cointegration analysis. The ARDL results reveal evidence of cointegration between the dependent variable (cereals yield) and two independent variables (CO2 emission) and agricultural GDP. The estimation results of the error correction model indicate that change in CO2 has a positive and significant impact on the cereal yield in the long and short terms, as 1% increase in CO2 leads to a cereal yield increase by 3% in the short term and by 0.7% in the long term. This result adds two important findings to the existing literature: First, the positive impact of CO2 on cereal yield in Sudan supports previous research findings in other countries of warm and arid climates. Second, the effect of CO2 on cereal yield differs from short to long term, as our finding indicates that CO2 has a greater positive effect in the short term compared to that in the long term, implying that the effect of CO2 on cereal yields is not linear, as commonly perceived, but it decreases as time duration extends to longer periods. This may be due to the CO2 effect on global warming that emanates from cumulative CO2 concentration, which leaves a disproportionate impact on crops over time.

Assessing the Political Environment for Business: A New Role for Political Scientists?

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph LaPalombara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Events ◽  
To Come

Political scientists are only now, and dimly, beginning to recognize that something called “political risk analysis” (PRA) is very much in vogue in the corporate and banking communities of this country. Any attempt to assess this uncommon development should begin with this question: Why would any banker or corporate manager wish to spend hard cash on anything political scientists might have to say about places overseas where banks and multinational corporations lend or invest their capital? After all, the profession is not exactly distinguished by its ability to make accurate forecasts. Indeed, Sartori has argued that political scientists ought to eschew forecasting entirely in that they are best able to explain what happened as opposed to what may come to pass.Sartori's assertion of course would make historians of us all—and burden us with the historian's smug claim that, if the history examined is too recent, the immediacy of events will distort our vision and bias our judgments. Thus, rather than try to foretell where, say, Germany will move politically next year we should expend (more!) of our resources to establish once and for all what really caused Weimar to collapse and Hitler to come to power.This is not the stuff of political risk analysis. Growing interest in this activity is little based on broad analyses of the past or on long-term forecasts of future events. The potential consumers of political assessments are intelligent, harried bankers and corporate managers who are pressed to make relatively short-term decisions that affect the viability of enterprise and investment-and, equally important, careers-in professions where tenure is unknown.

scholarly journals Modeling sensitivity indices of industrial enterprise organizational change

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Victoriia Bilyk ◽  
Olena Kolomytseva ◽  
Olha Myshkovych ◽  
Nataliia Tymoshyk ◽  
Denis Shcherbatykh
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Development Effectiveness ◽  
Made In

Evaluation of sensitivity of commercial enterprises to organizational changes should be made in terms of short-term planning for which it is important to ensure the financial results, as well as in terms of long-term planning, which is important for non-monetary indicators of development effectiveness. To solve this problem, the paper is designed model sensitivity Descriptive indicators of industrial enterprises to organizational changes, reflecting monetary and non-monetary effects of organizational change. The authors determined that the proposed model allows for the analysis of organizational change with regard to their impact on monetary and non-monetary efficiency. This paper contributes to the theory and practice at the border to ensure a balance between short-term and long-term development of industrial enterprises. Convincingly demonstrated the possibility of using research results in practice.

scholarly journals The Ways to Improve the Accounting-Analytical Provision of the Non-Profit Communal Healthcare Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (512) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
N. G. Krasnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Audit ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the organizational aspect of accounting for incomes and expenses, as well as the problems of accounting for incomes and expenses of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises (CNP HA). The accounting-analytical information is considered as the socio-economic basis of business globalization, which is relevant in the context of strengthening the value of accounting and reporting for the further development of economic science and practice. The essence of the concept of «accounting-analytical provision of social needs», ways, forms and factors of its improvement are researched. The directions of improvement of the accounting-analytical provision of the activities of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises and ways to modernize the methodology of carrying out the internal audit of incomes and expenses are proposed. The accounting-analytical provision of the enterprise is one of the main prerequisites for the effective functioning of any enterprise and an important element of the formation of the efficient managerial decisions. The purpose of the accounting-analytical provision of the activities of the CNP HA is to provide the management staff of the enterprise with complete, timely and reliable information for the adoption of current and strategic managerial decisions. The accounting and reporting system should be formed in accordance with the adopted methodological principles and approaches to analytical researches aimed at a comprehensive impact on the activities of the enterprise to ensure profit and strengthen its financial position in the market. Priority directions for improving the principles and methods of accounting and auditing of incomes and expenses of CNP HA are defined; the same is considered with regard to the economic analysis to maximum satisfying the needs of users in making managerial decisions as to the dynamic development of the CNP HA. The proposed directions for improving the methodology for carrying out an internal audit of incomes and expenses allow for operational analysis and control of incomes and expenses, and in the future use this information to make effective decisions on the functioning of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises in the long term perspective.

From Tough Negotiation to Complex Integration

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadhg Nagle ◽  
Patrick Finnegan ◽  
Jeremy Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Multiple Sourcing ◽  
B2b Relationships ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Complex Integration ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
Business To Business

For many organisations e-Procurement has become a necessity. Nevertheless, while e-procurement has generated considerable hype the phenomenon is generally under-researched despite the fundamental impact that e-Procurement has on the nature of inter-organisational relationships This paper explores the effects that business-to-business relationships have on e-Procurement systems using a field study of 6 companies. The study classifies business-to-business (B2B) relationships as being adversarial and collaborative, where adversarial relationships include attributes such as tough negotiation, short-term contracts and multiple sourcing, while collaborative relationships include cooperation, mutual benefit and trust, strategies such as cross-functional team decision-making, supply base rationalisation, and long-term contracts. The effects of both relationships on the electronically supported transaction phases of the procurement lifecycle are examined. The research findings indicate that adversarial relationships have most effect on the sourcing phases whereas collaborative relationships most affect the, fulfilment, and consumption phases of the procurement cycle. This further highlights the need for practitioners to manage and understand the interorganisational relationships within their business.

Study Abroad Australia

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-110
Author(s):  
Johnell Bentz ◽  
Jamie N. Pearson ◽  
Allison Witt
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Teachers Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Abroad Program ◽  
Participant Outcomes

Research findings suggest that teaching experiences abroad have a significant impact on participant outcomes and perceptions; however, findings have also indicated that short-term experiences in particular, may not have the same impact as long-term study abroad experiences. This chapter highlights the facilitators and challenges of planning and developing a short-term, faculty-led experience abroad to Australia for preservice teachers. This three-week study abroad experience included immersive experiences and a commitment to critically examining issues surrounding diversity. The authors also describe a research study that was embedded in the study abroad program, known as Photovoice. Photovoice was employed as a means to document the preservice teachers' experiences and perceptions related to diversity. Participant photos and descriptions represent student perceptions of how diversity is represented in Australian schools and society.

PENGARUII CORPORATE GOWRNANCE TERIIADAP STRUKTUR MODAL DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAI\: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA FAMILY BASINESS GROUP YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Freddy Iston Hasil Marbudi Pangaribuan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Big Six ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of corporate governancet's internal mechanism that ls institutionii o*r"rriip, oi both firm performance and firm capital structure. To the extent, the moderating effect of managerial ownership on the relationship between institutional ownership,-fir* performance and capital structure wilt be examined as well.The sample of this research is drar,vn fro* companies within the big six family,owned business in Indonesia, which are listed at The Jakarta Stock Exchange fro* 1998 until 2005. Using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA),. the result shows that both institutional and managerial ownership fail to demonstrate the direct and moderated effect on both performance and capital structure. These findings suggest that the froil of economic, social and political circumstances create the "short term-focused" toward investment return. Moreover, the slow achiqement of collusion, corruption, and nepotism (KI< I) eradication has resulted in sudden-withdrawal of investor's investment. Hence, the internal control mechanism of corporate governance which is long-term focused and associated with KKI{ eradi cation cannot b e su cc es sfully impl em ent ed.Keywords: Institutional ownership, managerial ownership, performance,capital structure

SMEs’ resilience from continuous improvement lenses

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Zighan ◽  
Salomée Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Organizational Resilience ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Business Philosophy

Purpose The business environment is increasingly volatile, complex, uncertain and ambiguous. Today, COVID-19 represents a super-disruption situation. This paper aims to explore small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) resilience from continuous improvement lenses. It explores the role of continuous improvement in building organizational resilience across SMEs. Design/methodology/approach A Delphi methodology has been adopted to capture evidence and opinions from 38 experts from several Jordan-based SMEs through three-online rounds. Findings The study finds that continuous improvement enhances SMEs’ resilience in the short term and long term. It can translate the concept of resilience into tangible working constructs for SMEs in visualizing and making decisions about their risks, adapting, absorbing changes and prevailing over time. The role of continuous improvement in building organizational resilience is fourfold; continuous improvement is a cyclical process; it has a vital cultural aspect and can be considered a business philosophy. It also emphasizes a holistic change approach based on small but constant changes. However, SMEs’ leaders must consider several issues for effective continuous improvement, including a continuous improvement culture and a results-focused approach. Originality/value Organizational resilience has been studied across various contexts; however, there are still unanswered questions for SMEs’ resilience. This study contributes to theory and practice by examining the role of continuous improvement in SMEs’ resilience.

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