How Social Norms and Social Identification Constrain Aggressive Reporting Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Young
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Direct Trade

This study examines how the source and nature of reporting standards jointly influence compliance with those standards. More specifically, I examine how decision makers' identification with the source of the standards moderates compliance with different types of standards. Type refers to whether the accounting standard is descriptive or injunctive (i.e., prescriptive). Source refers to the entity promulgating the accounting standards. I conduct three experiments in which participants face a direct trade-off between reporting aggressively to maximize their personal wealth and reporting conservatively to adhere to a standard. I find that identification with the source causes less aggressive reporting for an injunctive standard, but when a standard is descriptive, identification has no effect or an opposite effect. When identification with the source is low, descriptive standards tend to work well compared to injunctive standards. With injunctive standards, persuasive factors, such as identification, likely influence financial managers' aggressive reporting behavior.

scholarly journals Convergence of IFRS and Ind AS – A Descriptive and Exploratory Insight

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Sayan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
International Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Analyses

IFRS are designed to bring consistency to accounting language, practices and statements, and to help businesses and investors make educated financial analyses and decisions. The Ind AS are named and numbered in the same way as the corresponding International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards (NACAS) recommends these standards to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Indian viewpoints do not receive adequate attention at International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). Those are not debated adequately at the IASB before rejection. The present paper will discuss the reasons behind convergence of IFRs, rather than adoption. It also shows the Carve Outs of Ind AS from IFRS by providing valid reasons.

scholarly journals A study of Effects and implications of differences between Indian GAAP and IFRS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Ifrs Adoption

Economic growth in any economy requires sustainable high-quality financial reporting standards. However in the era of globalization, with rapidly changing rules and regulations in accounting world, Indian financial reporting system too cannot be isolated from the global developments. Lack of standardization in different accounting standards imposes a financial burden on all the stakeholders, which includes both internal as well as external burden to an organization. It is also too cumbersome for investors to compare the financial statement of corporates if they follow different accounting policy. It was felt that there should be one global set of accounting standards for all. Thus IASB came in existence and formulated IFRS. IFRS is high-quality principle-based accounting standard which aims to bring uniformity comparability and transparency in accounting world. In India the conversion process has started in 2015-16 onwards where all the accounting standards will be gradually fully converged with IFRS and will be named as Ind as. This paper attempts to find out the key difference among IFRS, Indian GAAP and ind AS and its implications. A questionnaire survey has been conducted to find out the implication of differences. The paper concludes that adoption of IFRS would benefit the economy in all aspects. Keywords: IFRS, Indian GAAP, Ind AS, key difference between IFRS, Ind AS and Indian GAAP, IFRS adoption,

scholarly journals Konsep Nilai Wajar (Fair Value) dalam Standar Akuntansi Berbasis IFRS di Indonesia Apa dan Bagaimana?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Heri Sukendar W.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
The Difference ◽  
International Accounting Standard

This paper is intended to explain the use of the concept of fair value instead of book value. The accounting world in Indonesia during the last few years have made convergency implementation of new accounting standards oriented to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by International Accounting Standard Boars (IASB). This new accounting standard that emphasizes the concept of fair value compared with book value concept is outdated. The use of the concept of fair value of the difference and it turned out to be a trigger konvergency change the paradigm of the book value of a simpler, but less information is less transparent. The implementation of accounting standards konverjensi done gradually raises serious problems, this can be seen from postponed the application of PSAK 50 & PSAK 55 in the banking industry. Knowledge and experience of inadequate is a priority of fair value implementation difficulties.

The Effects of Decision Time on Perceptions of Decisions and Decision Makers in (Moral) Trade-Off Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Katharina Spälti ◽  
Mark John Brandt ◽  
Marcel Zeelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Moral Context

People often have to make trade-offs. We study three types of trade-offs: 1) "secular trade-offs" where no moral or sacred values are at stake, 2) "taboo trade-offs" where sacred values are pitted against financial gain, and 3) "tragic trade-offs" where sacred values are pitted against other sacred values. Previous research (Critcher et al., 2011; Tetlock et al., 2000) demonstrated that tragic and taboo trade-offs are not only evaluated by their outcomes, but are also evaluated based on the time it took to make the choice. We investigate two outstanding questions: 1) whether the effect of decision time differs for evaluations of decisions compared to decision makers and 2) whether moral contexts are unique in their ability to influence character evaluations through decision process information. In two experiments (total N = 1434) we find that decision time affects character evaluations, but not evaluations of the decision itself. There were no significant differences between tragic trade-offs and secular trade-offs, suggesting that the decisions structure may be more important in evaluations than moral context. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect of decision time shows us that decision time, may be of less practical use than expected. We thus urge, to take a closer examination of the processes underlying decision time and its perception.

On the issue of assessing the adequacy of the reserves of insurance companies with various methods for determining the loss of business

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Margarita Naslednikova ◽  
Alexandr Zamalov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Health System ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Qualitative Characteristic ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards

The article discusses methods for calculating the loss ratio of insurance companies, including compulsory medical insurance, which is the basis for building a health system; su’ciency of formed reserves, which are created in connection with the possibility of losses. Variants of interpretation of calculated indicators into a qualitative characteristic of the insurance company. A comparative analysis of the calculation of indicators of loss-making of insurance companies and the adequacy of the formation of reserves of insurance companies according to Russian accounting standards and in accordance with the requirements of international financial reporting standards.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE US FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD AND THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD SETTERS: 1973–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Utilizing archival materials as well as personal interviews and correspondence with personnel of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Committee/Board (IASC/B), including former Board chairmen and staff members, this paper examines the development of the working relationships between the FASB and the IASC/B from their earliest interactions in 1973 through the transformation of the IASC into the IASB and the Convergence Program rooted in the 2002 Norwalk Agreement up to 2008.

Challenges in the Empirical Study of Global Governance Legitimacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Political Communities

This commentary discusses three challenges for the promising and ambitious research agenda outlined in the volume. First, it interrogates the volume’s attempts to differentiate political communities of legitimation, which may vary widely in composition, power, and relevance across institutions and geographies, with important implications not only for who matters, but also for what gets legitimated, and with what consequences. Second, it examines avenues to overcome possible trade-offs from gains in empirical tractability achieved through the volume’s focus on actor beliefs and strategies. One such trade-off is less attention to evolving norms and cultural factors that may underpin actors’ expectations about what legitimacy requires. Third, it addresses the challenge of theory building that can link legitimacy sources, (de)legitimation practices, audiences, and consequences of legitimacy across different types of institutions.

scholarly journals Performance vs. hardware requirements in state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Lucian Georgescu ◽  
Alessandro Pappalardo ◽  
Horia Cucu ◽  
Michaela Blott
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Guided Tour ◽  
Embedded Applications

AbstractThe last decade brought significant advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) thanks to the evolution of deep learning methods. ASR systems evolved from pipeline-based systems, that modeled hand-crafted speech features with probabilistic frameworks and generated phone posteriors, to end-to-end (E2E) systems, that translate the raw waveform directly into words using one deep neural network (DNN). The transcription accuracy greatly increased, leading to ASR technology being integrated into many commercial applications. However, few of the existing ASR technologies are suitable for integration in embedded applications, due to their hard constrains related to computing power and memory usage. This overview paper serves as a guided tour through the recent literature on speech recognition and compares the most popular ASR implementations. The comparison emphasizes the trade-off between ASR performance and hardware requirements, to further serve decision makers in choosing the system which fits best their embedded application. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide this kind of trade-off analysis for state-of-the-art ASR systems.

Accounting Concepts in Company Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-427
Author(s):  
Jesper Seehausen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Company Law ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pros And Cons

Abstract Taking as a starting point Peter Hommelhoff’s argumentation that accounting law is, in many respects, linked to company law, the purpose of this article is to discuss one perspective of the links between accounting law and company law: accounting concepts in company law. After a brief outline of the existing EU legislation on accounting and a discussion on whether accounting law is part of company law, some examples of accounting concepts in company law – i. e. examples of accounting concepts that have been ‘implemented’ in company law – are discussed, drawing on the Consolidated Company Law Directive (CCLD) and the Shareholder Rights Directive (SRD 2) as well as the International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). These examples are related party transactions, consideration other than in cash and fair value, serious loss of the subscribed capital as well as a few other examples. It is also discussed whether accounting concepts in company law are a ‘good’ or a ‘bad’ thing. Balancing the pros and cons, in the author’s opinion, it is mostly positive that accounting concepts are used in company law in areas where this makes sense – and hence, in the author’s opinion, accounting concepts in company law are mainly a ‘good’ thing.

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