Dietary Patterns And Risk Of Cancer: Current Evidence And Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Alternative Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Diet Score

Dietary patterns capture the overall diet and its constituent foods and nutrients, representing a powerful approach to identifying the effect of nutrition on health and disease. In this review, we describe the two main approaches being used to characterize dietary patterns: a prior approach that defines dietary patterns using predefined diet quality indices, and a posterior approach that derives dietary patterns using factor or cluster analysis. Methods to define diet quality indices (Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score) are presented, and their similarities and differences are discussed among the different approaches. We review the recent evidence on the relationships between dietary patterns and cancer outcomes, including all-cancer incidence and mortality and the incidence of colorectal, breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Despite the different methods that are used to characterize dietary patterns in different studies, results consistently suggest that adherence to existing dietary guidelines is associated with a reduced risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Given the important role of dietary patterns in cancer prevention, clinicians need to consider providing appropriate nutrition counseling  to improve patients’ dietary patterns. Continuous efforts need to be devoted to better characterize the relationships between dietary patterns and cancer risk by studying specific cancer types, different cancer subtypes, and population subgroups, with a better approach that can accurately assess dietary patterns throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables and 91 references Key words: Alternative Healthy Eating Index, breast cancer, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, cluster analysis, colorectal cancer, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, dietary patterns, diet quality index, factor analysis, Healthy Eating Index, lung cancer, Mediterranean Diet Score, prostate cancer, Recommended Food Score

scholarly journals Metabolomic markers of healthy dietary patterns in US postmenopausal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L McCullough ◽  
Maret L Maliniak ◽  
Victoria L Stevens ◽  
Brian D Carter ◽  
Rebecca A Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Diet Score

ABSTRACT Background Healthy diet patterns are associated with lower risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Metabolomics has the potential to expand dietary biomarker development to include dietary patterns, which may provide a complement or alternative to self-reported diet. Objective This study examined the correlation of serum untargeted metabolomic markers with 4 diet pattern scores—the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015—and used multivariate methods to identify discriminatory metabolites for each pattern. Methods Among 1367 US postmenopausal women with serum metabolomic data in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, we conducted partial correlation analysis, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle variables, to examine cross-sectional correlations between serum metabolomic markers and healthy diet pattern scores. In a randomly selected “training” set (50%), we conducted orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis to identify metabolites that discriminated the top from bottom diet score quintiles. Combinations of metabolites with a variable importance in projection (VIP) score ≥2.5 were tested for predictability in the “testing” set based on the use of receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Out of 1186 metabolites, 32 unique metabolites were considered discriminatory based on a VIP score ≥2.5 in the training dataset with some overlap across scores (aMED = 16; AHEI = 17; DASH = 13; HEI = 12). Spearman partial correlation analyses, applying a cut-point (|r| ≥ 0.15) and Bonferroni correction (P < 1.05 × 10−5), identified similar key metabolites. The top 5 metabolites for each pattern mostly distinguished high compared with low scores; 4 of the 5 (fish-derived) metabolites were the same for aMED and AHEI, 2 of which were identified for HEI; 4 DASH metabolites were unique. Conclusions Metabolomic methods that used a split-sample approach identified potential biomarkers for 4 healthy diet patterns. Similar metabolites across scores reflect fish consumption in healthy dietary patterns. These findings should be replicated in independent populations.

scholarly journals Diet quality assessment indexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kênia Mara Baiocchi de Carvalho ◽  
Eliane Said Dutra ◽  
Nathalia Pizato ◽  
Nádia Dias Gruezo ◽  
Marina Kiyomi Ito
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Diet Score

Various indices and scores based on admittedly healthy dietary patterns or food guides for the general population, or aiming at the prevention of diet-related diseases have been developed to assess diet quality. The four indices preferred by most studies are: the Diet Quality Index; the Healthy Eating Index; the Mediterranean Diet Score; and the Overall Nutritional Quality Index. Other instruments based on these indices have been developed and the words 'adapted', 'revised', or 'new version I, II or III' added to their names. Even validated indices usually find only modest associations between diet and risk of disease or death, raising questions about their limitations and the complexity associated with measuring the causal relationship between diet and health parameters. The objective of this review is to describe the main instruments used for assessing diet quality, and the applications and limitations related to their use and interpretation.

Established diet quality indices are not universally associated with body composition in young adult women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sofija E. Zagarins ◽  
Alayne G. Ronnenberg ◽  
Elizabeth R. Bertone-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Diet Score

Abstract Objective: To determine which established diet quality indices best predict weight-related outcomes in young women. Design: In this cross-sectional analysis, we collected dietary information using the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and measured body fat percentage (BF%) by duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We used FFQ data to derive five diet quality indices: Recommended Food Score (RFS), Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), Healthy Plant-Based Diet Index (HPDI). Setting: University of Massachusetts at Amherst Participants: n=260 healthy women aged 18-30 Results: The AHEI-2010 and HPDI were associated with body mass index (BMI) and BF%, such that a 10-point increase in either diet score was associated with a 1.2 percentage-point lower BF% and a 0.5 kg/m2 lower BMI (P<0.05). Odds of excess body fat (i.e., BF%>32%) were 50% lower for those in the highest vs. lowest tertile of the AHEI-2010 (P=0.04). Neither the RFS nor HEI-2015 were associated with BMI or BF%; the aMED was associated with BMI but not BF%. Conclusions: These results suggest that diet quality tends to be inversely associated with BMI and BF% in young women, but that this association is not observed for all diet quality indices. Diet indices may have limited utility in populations where the specific healthful foods and food groups emphasized by the index are not widely consumed. Future research should aim to replicate these findings in longitudinal studies that compare body composition changes over time across diet indices in young women.

scholarly journals Dietary Inflammatory Index is associated with Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, and dietary patterns among Iranian adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Asadi ◽  
Roshanak Ghaffarian Zirak ◽  
Mahdiyeh Yaghooti Khorasani ◽  
Mostafa Saedi ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Alternative Healthy Eating Index

scholarly journals The interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66met polymorphism and dietary indices, The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) , and Phytochemical index (PI) , on anthropometric indices, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in patient with type2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Naeini ◽  
Negin Aghazadeh ◽  
Elmira Karimi ◽  
Zahra Esmaeily ◽  
Faezeh Abaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Although many studies suggest an association between BDNF Val66Met with eating disorders and obesity especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the interaction between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and diet quality indices in diabetic patients have not been investigated yet. The current study was aimed to evaluate the interaction between the diet quality indices including Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Phytochemical Index (PI) and BDNF Val66Mat (rs6265) polymorphism on markers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in T2DM patients.Methods: This current cross-sectional study was conducted on 634 Iranian T2DM patients aged 35–65 years of both genders were randomly recruited. Dietary intakes was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 148 food items. All participants were categorized into three categories, based on DQI, HEI, and PI scores. The interactions were tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in adjusted and unadjusted models.Results: There were significant gene-diet interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and HEI, DQI, and PI scores in modulating body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) values. Our results showed that higher scores for all diet-quality indices were significantly associated with a lower BMI and WC values after adjustment (P Interactions < 0.05). We also observed a significant interaction between the DQI scores and Val66Met polymorphism on level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p-interaction= 0.01). The highest quartile of DQI was associated with elevated level of SOD in the Val/Met and Met/Met genotype group. Moreover, the interaction between the DQI scores and Val66Met polymorphism on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) tended to be significant.Conclusions: Higher scores for all diet-quality indices were significantly associated with a lower BMI and WC values. There were significant differences for PTX and PGF2A among HEI tertiles. The interaction between the polymorphism and DQI on TAC and SOD levels were significant.

Does the Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score Identify the Nutritional Adequacy of Dietary Patterns in Chronic Pancreatitis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2318-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Roberts ◽  
Paige Golian ◽  
Marcia Nahikian-Nelms ◽  
Alice Hinton ◽  
Peter Madril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Diet Score

scholarly journals Lung function, COPD and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) in US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 00927-2020
Author(s):  
Kirstie Ducharme-Smith ◽  
Gustavo Mora-Garcia ◽  
Francisca de Castro Mendes ◽  
Maria Stephany Ruiz-Diaz ◽  
Andre Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Alternative Healthy Eating Index

BackgroundThere is a large burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States (US). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diet quality with lung function, airway restriction, and spirometrically defined COPD in a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsAdults (19–70 years of age) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 cycles were included (N=10 428). Diet quality was determined using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). Pre-bronchodilator measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC were described. Calibrated lower limit of normal (LLN) estimates were derived to determine prevalence of airway restriction (FVC<LLN) and COPD (FEV1/FVC Ratio<LLN). Population-weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of AHEI-2010 and respiratory outcomes.ResultsThe average AHEI was 45.3 (±12.2), equivalent to meeting 41% of the daily recommendations for optimal diet quality. Those in the highest quartile of AHEI had better FEV1 (adjusted [a]β:47.92, 95% CI 2.27, 93.57) and FVC (aβ: 80.23, 95% CI 34.03, 126.42; p-value interaction (*) of AHEI and smoking >0.05) compared to those in quartile 1. Higher AHEI was also associated with lower odds of airway restriction (OR: 0.23, 95% CI 0.08, 0.67; p-value AHEI*ethnicity >0.05).ConclusionsDiet quality was independently associated with better FEV1, FVC, and with lower odds of spirometric restriction. These findings highlight the need for research to further elucidate the possible beneficial role of diet in the preservation of lung function.

scholarly journals Association Between Diet Quality and Risk of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Ming-Zi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Endometrial Cancers ◽  
Diet Score

ObjectivesThe relationship between diet quality indices and risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers were unclear. We aimed at conducting a systematic review to evaluate the epidemiological evidence.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies up to December 2020. Epidemiological studies reported the association of the diet quality with risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers were evaluated.ResultsEleven eligible studies were identified, of which six studies were case-control studies, four were cohort studies, and one was case-cohort study. All studies were considered as high-quality with low risk of bias. Seven studies evaluated the association of diet quality with risk of ovarian cancer. Four studies reported null association for diet quality indices such as Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, HEI-2010, Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Recommended Foods Score (RFS). Two studies reported significantly inverse association for Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 and Healthy Diet Score (HDS) indices. One study reported significantly increased risk of ovarian cancer associated with higher level of Dietary Guidelines for Americans Index. Dose-response analysis showed pooled relative risks of 0.98 (95%Cl: 0.95, 1.01) and 0.94 (95%Cl: 0.77, 1.13) for each 10 points increase in the HEI-2005 and AHEI-2010 indices. Seven studies evaluated the association of diet quality with risk of endometrial cancer. Three studies reported significantly inverse association of diet quality as assessed by the MDS and Diet Score Quintiles with risk of endometrial cancer. Four studies reported null association for other diet quality indices including HEI-2005, HEI-2010, RFS and HDS. Dose-response analysis showed a pooled relative risk of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.81, 0.93) for one unit increment of the MDS.ConclusionThis study suggests little evidence on the association between diet quality and risk of ovarian cancer. Adherence to high quality diet, as assessed by MDS, might be associated with lower the risk of endometrial cancer.

Abstract P360: Dietary Saturated Fats From Different Food Sources Show Inconsistent Associations With Various Indices of Diet Quality in the Canadian Population

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Harrison ◽  
Didier Brassard ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
Benoit Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Saturated Fats

Background: Canadian dietary guidelines include a recommendation to limit the consumption of foods high in saturated fats (SFA), regardless of their dietary source. The same guidelines also recommend consumption of lean red meat and low-fat dairy products. Yet, the association between the consumption of SFA from different food sources and diet quality is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to examine associations between SFA from various food sources and different indices of diet quality. Methods: Analyses are based on a sample of 11 106 respondents representative of Canadian adults (19-70 y) from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2015). Dietary intakes and diet quality indices were calculated using a single interview-administered 24-hour recall. Food sources of SFA were classified according to the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide categories: 1) vegetables and whole fruits, 2) whole grain foods and 3) protein foods (including dairy and meat, among others). Foods not included in these three categories were grouped as All other foods . The 2010 alternative Healthy eating index (aHEI), the 2015 Healthy eating index (HEI-2015) and the 2007 Canadian Healthy eating index (C-HEI) were calculated. Due to the unreliability of data for trans-fat consumption in the CCHS 2015 database, the trans-fat subscore of the aHEI was removed from the original score. Results: While total SFA intake and SFA from All other foods were inversely correlated with all indices of diet quality (-0.55<r<-0.10, all p<0.001), associations with SFA from dairy and meat were inconsistent. SFA from dairy were inversely correlated (p<0.001) with the aHEI (r=-0.14) and the HEI-2015 (r=-0.16) but showed a weak positive correlation with the C-HEI (r=0.05, p<0.001). SFA from meat were negatively correlated with the aHEI (r=-0.21, p<0.001) and positively correlated with the C-HEI (r=0.11, p<0.001). Removing subscores directly related to SFA intake in diet quality indices yielded positive correlations between SFA from dairy and the HEI-2015 (r=0.13, p<0.001) and the C-HEI (r=0.19, p<0.001). Conclusion: Consumption of SFA from different food sources are inconsistently associated with different indices of overall diet quality. Unsurprisingly, SFA from All other foods , which include low nutritive value foods, showed the strongest negative correlation with all diet quality scores. These results provide further support to the notion that guidance on SFA in future health policies should focus on food sources rather than on total intake of SFA.

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