scholarly journals Diagnostic reliability of the cervical vertebral maturation method and standing height in the identification of the mandibular growth spurt

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Perinetti ◽  
Luca Contardo ◽  
Attilio Castaldo ◽  
James A. McNamara ◽  
Lorenzo Franchi
Keyword(s):  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽  
Ramus Height

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the capability of both cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages 3 and 4 (CS3-4 interval) and the peak in standing height to identify the mandibular growth spurt throughout diagnostic reliability analysis. Materials and Methods:  A previous longitudinal data set derived from 24 untreated growing subjects (15 females and nine males,) detailed elsewhere were reanalyzed. Mandibular growth was defined as annual increments in Condylion (Co)–Gnathion (Gn) (total mandibular length) and Co–Gonion Intersection (Goi) (ramus height) and their arithmetic mean (mean mandibular growth [mMG]). Subsequently, individual annual increments in standing height, Co-Gn, Co-Goi, and mMG were arranged according to annual age intervals, with the first and last intervals defined as 7–8 years and 15–16 years, respectively. An analysis was performed to establish the diagnostic reliability of the CS3-4 interval or the peak in standing height in the identification of the maximum individual increments of each Co-Gn, Co-Goi, and mMG measurement at each annual age interval. Results:  CS3-4 and standing height peak show similar but variable accuracy across annual age intervals, registering values between 0.61 (standing height peak, Co-Gn) and 0.95 (standing height peak and CS3-4, mMG). Generally, satisfactory diagnostic reliability was seen when the mandibular growth spurt was identified on the basis of the Co-Goi and mMG increments. Conclusions:  Both CVM interval CS3-4 and peak in standing height may be used in routine clinical practice to enhance efficiency of treatments requiring identification of the mandibular growth spurt.

scholarly journals Cervical vertebral maturation method and mandibular growth peak: a longitudinal study of diagnostic reliability

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Perinetti ◽  
Jasmina Primozic ◽  
Bhavna Sharma ◽  
Iacopo Cioffi ◽  
Luca Contardo
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation

scholarly journals Mandibular Growth Changes and Cervical Vertebral Maturation

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gu ◽  
James A. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
The University ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽  
Craniofacial Complex

Abstract Objective: To evaluate mandibular dimensional changes and regional remodeling occurring during five intervals of circumpubertal growth. Materials and Methods: This investigation evaluated a unique sample of subjects in whom tantalum implants were placed into the craniofacial complex during childhood. The sample was obtained from the Mathews and Ware implant study originally conducted at the University of California San Francisco in the 1970s, with longitudinal cephalometric records of 20 subjects (13 female, 7 male) available for evaluation. Cephalograms at six consecutive stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CS1 through CS6) were analyzed. Results: Peak mandibular growth was noted during the interval from CS3 to CS4. Forward rotation of the mandible was due to greater mandibular growth posteriorly than anteriorly. Progressive closure of the condylar-ramus-occlusal (CRO) angle resulted in a forward and upward orientation of the ramus relative to the corpus of the mandible due to increased vertical growth of the condyle. Conclusions: A peak in mandibular growth at puberty was substantiated. Mandibular remodeling and condylar rotation continue to occur after the growth spurt.

An Approach for Efficient CFD Simulations of an Ejector Air Injection System for Active Aerodynamic Compressor Stabilization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brehm ◽  
Felix Kern ◽  
Jonas Raub ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Numerical Effort ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Novel Concept

The Institute of Jet Propulsion at the University of the German Federal Armed Forces Munich has developed and patented a novel concept of air injection systems for active aerodynamic stabilization of turbo compressors. This so-called Ejector Injection System (EIS) utilizes the ejector effect to enhance efficiency and impact of the aerodynamic stabilization of the Larzac 04 two-spool turbofan engine’s LPC. The EIS design manufactured recently has been subject to CFD and experimental pre-investigations in which the expected ejector effect performance has been proven and the CFD set-up has been validated. Subsequently, optimization of the EIS ejector geometry comes into focus in order to enhance its performance. In this context, CFD parameter studies on the influence of in total 16 geometric and several aerodynamic parameters on the ejector effect are required. However, the existing and validated CFD set-up of the EIS comprises not only the mainly axisymmetric ejector geometry but also the highly complex 3D supply components upstream of the ejector geometry. This is hindering large scale CFD parameter studies due to the numerical effort required for these full 3D CFD simulations. Therefore, an approach to exploit the overall axissymmetry of the ejector geometry is presented within this paper which reduces the numerical effort required for CFD simulations of the EIS by more than 90%. This approach is verified by means of both experimental results as well as CFD predictions of the full 3D set-up. The comprehensive verification data set contains wall pressure distributions and the mass flow rates involved at various Aerodynamic Operating Points (AOP). Furthermore, limitations of the approach are revealed concerning its suitability e.g. to judge the response of the attached compressor of future EIS designs concerning aerodynamic stability or cyclic loading.

scholarly journals Combining efficiency and innovation to enhance performance: Evidence from firms in emerging economies

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Tian ◽  
Vai Io Lo ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Combining Efficiency ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Innovation Processes

AbstractThis paper extends the resource-capability-based view in strategic management and discusses the capabilities for the firms to stay competitive in emerging economies. Faced with low levels of efficiency, technology, and skills, firms in emerging economies need to implement best management practices to overcome operational inefficiency while engage in innovation processes to address new opportunities. They have to develop the capabilities to enhance efficiency, the capabilities to undertake innovation, and the synthesis capabilities to combine the two to keep rivals at bay. The paper tests hypotheses against a data set of more than 20,000 firms from 36 emerging economies provided by the World Bank in 2012–2015 and finds strong evidence to support the arguments. The paper finds that the three sets of capabilities are positively related to productivity and, through it, financial performance.

scholarly journals Discovery and validation of mucosal TNF expression combined with histological score - a biomarker for personalized treatment in ulcerative colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Florholmen ◽  
Kay-Martin Johnsen ◽  
Renate Meyer ◽  
Trine Olsen ◽  
Øystein K. Moe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Combined Test

Abstract Background There are no accurate markers that can predict clinical outcome in ulcerative colitis at time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore a comprehensive data set to identify and validate predictors of clinical outcome in the first year following diagnosis. Methods Treatment naive-patients with ulcerative colitis were included at time of initial diagnosis from 2004 to 2014, followed by a validation study from 2014 to 2018. Patients were treated according to clinical guidelines following a standard step-up regime. Patients were categorized according to the treatment level necessary to achieve clinical remission: mild, moderate and severe. The biopsies were assessed by Robarts histopathology index (RHI) and TNF gene transcripts. Results We included 66 patients in the calibration cohort and 89 patients in the validation. Mucosal TNF transcripts showed high test reliability for predicting severe outcome in UC. When combined with histological activity (RHI) scores the test improved its diagnostic reliability. Based on the cut-off values of mucosal TNF and RHI scores from the calibration cohort, the combined test had still high reliability in the validation cohort (specificity 0.99, sensitivity 0.44, PPV 0.89, NPV 0.87) and a diagnostic odds-ratio (DOR) of 54. Conclusions The combined test using TNF transcript and histological score at debut of UC can predict severe outcome and the need for anti-TNF therapy with a high level of precision. These validated data may be of great clinical utility and contribute to a personalized medical approach with the possibility of top-down treatment for selected patients.

scholarly journals Cervical Vertebral Maturation Method: Reproducibility and Efficiency of Chronological Age Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3160
Author(s):  
Lydia Schoretsaniti ◽  
Anastasia Mitsea ◽  
Kety Karayianni ◽  
Iosif Sifakakis
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽  
Cervical Maturation

The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method and the potential for chronological age estimation using this method. The sample consisted of 474 lateral cephalometric radiographs, from orthodontic patients aged 6.4–22.4 years. Six raters were trained to the CVM method (Baccetti). All images were assessed twice. Intra- and inter-rater agreements were assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. Analysis of variance was performed to investigate the correlation between cervical maturation stages and chronological age. The age prediction potential of the method was tested by general linear model regression analysis. Intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.857 to 0.931. Intra-rater absolute agreement ranged from 77% to 87% however inter-rater absolute agreement was lower than 50%. Inter-rater reliability was higher than 0.9. The 3rd Cervical Maturation Stage (CS3) showed the lowest reproducibility. The mean age differences among the 6 CS stages were statistically significant and increased as the CS increased. CS and gender could roughly explain the 60% (adjusted R2 = 0.61) of the age variance of the sample. This CVM method proved able to show high reliability; however, it cannot predict accurately the pubertal growth spurt. A direct correlation was found between cervical stages and chronological age. This method provides a broad estimation of chronological age.

scholarly journals Diagnostic reliability of mandibular second molar maturation in the identification of the mandibular growth peak: A longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Perinetti ◽  
Riccardo Sossi ◽  
Jasmina Primozic ◽  
Gaetano Ierardo ◽  
Luca Contardo
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Dental Maturation ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Mandibular Second Molar

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic reliability of mandibular second molar maturation in assessing the mandibular growth peak using a longitudinal design. Materials and Methods: From the files of the Burlington and Oregon growth studies, 40 subjects (20 from each collection, 20 males and 20 females) with at least seven annual lateral cephalograms taken from 9 to 16 years were included. Mandibular second molar maturation was assessed according to Demirjian et al., and mandibular growth was defined as annual increments of Co-Gn distance. A full diagnostic reliability analysis (including positive likelihood ratio) was performed to establish the diagnostic reliability of dental stages E, F, and (pooled) GH in identifying the imminent mandibular growth peak. Results: None of the dental maturation stages reliably identified the mandibular growth peak with greatest overall mean accuracy and positive likelihood ratio of 0.77 (stage F) and 2.7 (stage E), respectively. Conclusions: Use of the mandibular second molar maturation is not recommended for planning treatment requiring identification of the mandibular growth peak.

Computer Program to Generate Dimensional and Inertial Properties of the Human Body

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bartz ◽  
C. R. Gianotti
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moments Of Inertia ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Program Library

A digital computer program has been developed to calculate dimensional and inertial properties of the human body. The program has been designed so that the user may either select a data set from a program library, or compute a data set from a geometric man-model. From primary program inputs of sex, standing height, seated height, and weight, the routines compute body segment link lengths, contact surface dimensions, masses, and moments of inertia from inputted sets of anthropometric data. Overall validity of the formulation and techniques has been established by comparing computed results with measurements on the human body reported by various investigators.

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