Effectiveness of Laceback Ligatures on Maxillary Canine Retraction

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of laceback ligatures on canine distalization during the leveling and aligning stage and to compare the effectiveness of laceback ligatures with that of superelastic NiTi closed coil springs. Materials and Methods: Fifteen subjects were included in this study. Fixed orthodontic treatment was planned with the extraction of first premolars to solve crowding in upper and/or lower arches. Stainless steel direct-bonding Roth brackets (0.022-inch) were used. For canine distalization superelastic NiTi closed coil springs generating 150 g of force were used on one side. Lacebacks made from 0.010-inch ligature wire were applied on the contralateral side. Dental and skeletal changes were evaluated from predistalization and postdistalization lateral cephalometric and submento vertical radiographs. A Wilcoxon test was applied to determine the differences between predistalization and postdistalization mean values and to determine the mean differences between the groups. Results: Upper incisor crowns moved posteriorly. Distal movement and tipping of the canines were significant for both groups. Likewise, mesial movement and tipping of the first molars were significant for both groups. Furthermore, distopalatinal rotation of the canines was significant in the coil group. Canine and molar movements were greater for the coil group than for the laceback group, and the differences were significant. These differences may be attributed to force characterization, as well as to arch wire size and material. Conclusion: The laceback ligatures proved to be effective for canine distalization. Less canine and molar movement was found for the laceback group, but more controlled movements were obtained for the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes.

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Comparison of the rate of maxillary canine retraction with or without modified corticotomy facilitated orthodontic treatment

Journal of Global Oral Health ◽

10.25259/jgoh_56_2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

M. Kokila ◽

Vinaya S. Pai ◽

Siri Krishna ◽

Gautham Kalladka ◽

Shreyas Rajaram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Premolar Extraction ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Effective Treatment Modality ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Leveling And Alignment

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the rate of maxillary canine retraction in cases with modified corticotomy versus without modified corticotomy. Clinical interventional study. Split mouth design was used. Materials and Methods: A sample size of ten patients and 20 sites were selected within the age group of 18–35 years following all criteria of the study. Before orthodontic leveling and alignment, upper first premolar extraction was carried out under local anesthesia. Pre-treatment OPG and IOPA were taken in relation to the maxillary canine and maxillary second premolar teeth. One extraction side was considered as the experimental site and contralateral side as control. Leveling and alignment were started with wire sequence. After modified corticotomy procedure, the canine retraction was started with 8 mm NiTi closed coil spring. The amount of tooth movement was recorded with the help of a Digital Vernier Caliper at an interval of 1 month till the completion of canine retraction. Results: Paired t-test showed higher mean velocity of tooth movement in modified corticotomy side (1.07 ± 0.25) as compared to the conventional side (0.91 ± 0.24), (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The modified corticotomy technique serves as an effective treatment modality for adults seeking orthodontic treatment with increased rate of orthodontic canine retraction.

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Evaluation of maxillary first molar rotation during direct miniscrew-supported maxillary canine retraction: a before-and-after study

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00621-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reem M. AlShazly ◽

Ahmad F. Almohammad ◽

Hend Salah ElSayed ◽

Amr Ragab EL-Beialy

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Link Type ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Canine Distalization ◽

Before And After Study

Abstract Background Extraction of the first premolar followed by canine retraction into the extraction space is a common treatment in orthodontics. Molar rotation occurs when they are used as anchorage units for the canine distalization. The aim of this single-arm clinical trial was to evaluate the maxillary first molar rotation during maxillary canine retraction with elastic power chains and direct miniscrew anchorage. Results The mean difference between pre-retraction and post-retraction molar rotation was 1.89° ± 0.6 which was statistically insignificant. Conclusion The use of miniscrews for direct anchorage can eliminate unwanted rotation of the maxillary first molars during canine retraction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04887974. Registered on May 6, 2021- Retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04887974?id=NCT04887974&draw=2&rank=1.

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Effectiveness of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices in canine retraction and anchorage preservation during the two-step technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01271-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haonan Tian ◽

Congman Xie ◽

Min Lin ◽

Hongmei Yang ◽

Aishu Ren

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Temporary Anchorage Devices ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Implant Anchorage

Abstract Background Temporary anchorage devices have been used for decades in orthodontic practice for many applications. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices in canine retraction during the two-step technique. Methods A search was systematically performed for articles published prior to June 30, 2019 in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials (CCTs). The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model for comparable outcomes was carried out. Results Three RCTs and five CCTs were finally included. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase not only in anchorage preservation in the implant anchorage group in both the maxilla (1.56 mm, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.98, P < 0.00001) and the mandible (1.62 mm, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.01, P < 0.00001) but also in canine retraction in the implant anchorage group in both the maxilla (0.43 mm, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.69, P = 0.001) and the mandible (0.26 mm, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.49, P = 0.03). Conclusions There is very low-quality evidence showing that implant anchorage is more efficient than conventional anchorage during canine retraction. Additional high-quality studies are needed.

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Periodontopathogens in the saliva and subgingival dental plaque of a group of mothers

Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1517-74912002000400006 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Odila Pereira da Silva Rosa ◽

Salete Moura Bonifácio da Silva ◽

Beatriz Costa ◽

Sérgio Aparecido Torres ◽

Euloir Passanezi

Keyword(s):

Dental Plaque ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Mean Values ◽

Prevotella Nigrescens ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

The Mean ◽

Oral Colonization

The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal condition and the presence of putative periodontal pathogens in 30 Brazilian mothers, aging 21-40 years (28.4 ± 4.49 years), and in their children, aging 5-6 years, since mothers can be a source of pathogens and, thus, influence their children's bacteriological and clinical condition. Besides assessing the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and pocket probing depth (PD), the survey analyzed four subgingival dental plaque samples from mothers and children, as well as a sample of stimulated saliva from mothers. Those samples were analyzed by means of the slot immunoblot (SIB) technique, in order to determine the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Treponema denticola (Td). The mean values and standard deviations of the evaluated clinical variables for mothers and children were, respectively: 1.86 ± 0.67 and 1.64 ± 0.68 for PI, and 1.24 ± 0.67 and 0.82 ± 0.37, for GI. Only for mothers, the total PD was 1.81 ± 0.69 mm, and the PD of four sites was 4.03 ± 1.40 mm. The Wilcoxon test revealed significant difference (p < 0.05) between mothers and their children only as to GI. The most prevalent bacteria in mothers were, in decreasing order: Aa, Pn, Pg and Td. The children presented patterns of oral hygiene and bacterial profiles similar to those of their mothers, in spite of the fact that most of them did not present enough subgingival plaque for testing. The comparison between mothers' subgingival dental plaque and saliva samples revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for all bacteria, with greater positivity and scores in the saliva, which demonstrates that it is an indicator of oral colonization and can work as a vehicle for the transmission of periodontopathogens from mothers to their children.

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Assessment of Changes in Nickel and Chromium Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 675-678

Author(s):

Vinny Bhasin ◽

Swati J Pustake ◽

Viprat Joshi ◽

Anil Tiwari ◽

Meenakshi Bhasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

High Strength ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Induced Response ◽

Mean Values ◽

Ph Variation ◽

Gingival Health ◽

The Mean ◽

Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background Various components of appliances used in fixed orthodontic treatment are fabricated from materials that are highly resistant in nature and have high strength and biocompatibility. Corrosion of materials occurs inside the oral cavity due to numerous environmental or oral factors that act on them. These factors include temperature, pH variation, salivary conditions, mechanical loads, microbiological and enzymatic activity, and various food components. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is the material obtained from the gingival sulcus and might act as a potential source for various biomarkers in the orthodontic setup because inflammatory-induced response is directly related to orthodontic forces in GCF. In the light of above-mentioned data, we planned this study to assess and evaluate the changes occurring in nickel and chromium levels in the GCF during fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods This study included assessment of 30 patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment. Three samples were taken from the GCF of the patients giving a total of 90 samples. The samples were collected at the following time intervals: At baseline (pretreatment time), 1 month after the start of orthodontic treatment, and at 6 months after the commencement of orthodontic treatment. Cellulose strips were used for isolation of the tooth region. For GCF collection, a standardized cellulose acetate absorbent strip was used. Placement of the strips was done in the sulcus for 60 seconds for the collection of the samples. Refrigeration of the specimen bottles was done for a minimum of 7 days and was then sent to a laboratory where specimens were transferred for atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results At 1 month, the mean value of nickel and chromium in GCF was found to be 4.5 and 4.9 μg/gm of GCF respectively. While comparing the mean nickel levels between 1 and 6 months and between baseline and 6 months, significant results were obtained. Significant results were also obtained while comparing the mean values of chromium in GCF between baseline and 6 months and between 1 and 6 months. Gingival health index of the patients was found to be associated with increased inflammation with the progression of time of orthodontic treatment. Conclusion Levels of nickel and chromium might show considerable elevation in the GCF with time along with an increase in the severity of inflammation in the gingival health in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Clinical significance Regular oral prophylaxis of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment should be done to avoid toxicities caused by the release of nickel and chromium and for maintenance of good oral hygiene and oral health. How to cite this article Bhasin V, Pustake SJ, Joshi V, Tiwari A, Bhasin M, Punia RS. Assessment of Changes in Nickel and Chromium Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):675-678.

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Comparison of rate of maxillary canine movement with or without modified corticotomy facilitated orthodontic treatment: A prospective clinical trial

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.4103/2321-1407.159410 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 138-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harshal N. Suryavanshi ◽

Vaishali R. Das ◽

Aashish Deshmukh ◽

Raj Rai ◽

Mena Vora

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Extraction Therapy

Background and Objectives The average orthodontic treatment time for extraction therapy is 31 months. One of the main disadvantages of orthodontic treatment is time. Alveolar corticotomies have been used in conjunction with orthodontics to reduce the treatment time by increasing the rate of tooth movement. Concerns about the possible risks of corticotomy procedure have led to the modification of this technique. Germeç et al. reported a case treated by their modified corticotomy technique and noted reduced treatment time without any adverse effects on the periodontium and the vitality of teeth with their new conservative corticotomy technique. This study was undertaken to clinically evaluate the efficacy of the aforesaid technique. Materials and Methods A split-mouth study design was carried out to compare the rate of maxillary canine movement with and without modified corticotomy facilitated orthodontic treatment in 10 patients requiring maxillary first premolar extractions. The modified corticotomy procedure was performed on the maxillary arch unilaterally. The upper arch was immediately activated bilaterally after surgical procedure using equal orthodontic forces for retraction of the maxillary canines. The amount of tooth movement was recorded at an interval of every month till the completion of canine retraction. The rate of canine movement on experimental and control site was compared. The patients were followed for 6 months to check the occurrence of undesired effects such as root resorption, periodontal damage and loss of vitality of teeth on the experimental side. Results Higher mean velocity was observed in canines with modified corticotomy facilitated retraction compared to conventionally retracted canines; with the difference in mean velocity between the two groups was found to be clinically significant as well as statistically significant (P < 0.001). Interpretation and Conclusion The results suggested that modified corticotomy technique serves as an effective and safe way to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, without adversely affecting the periodontium, root resorption, and the vitality of the teeth, as concluded by clinical and radiographic examination.

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Overbite depth indicator and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator cephalometric norms for African Americans

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/021619-116.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 897-902

Author(s):

Samuel Obamiyi ◽

Zhihui Wang ◽

Edward Sommers ◽

P. Emile Rossouw ◽

Dimitrios Michelogiannakis

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

African Americans ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Mean Values ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Overbite Depth Indicator ◽

White Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives: To examine normal Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI) and Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator (APDI) values in African Americans and to compare them with mean values from white patients. Secondary aims were to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different age, gender, and combined age-gender groups in African American patients. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 160 African American patients (97 boys and 63 girls; age, 7 to 14 years) with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were collected from the Bolton-Brush Growth Center. Cephalometric images were hand traced, and ODI and APDI values were assessed. Two-sample t tests were used to compare mean ODI and APDI values between African American and white patients; and between male and female African American patients. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare mean ODI and APDI values among different African American age and combined age-gender groups. Results: Mean ODI and APDI values were significantly lower (P < .0001) in African American than white patients with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment. Mean ODI and APDI values increased with age in African American patients, and there were no significant gender differences. Conclusions: The mean ODI and APDI values in 7- to 14-year-old African Americans with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment were 70.9° and 78.1°, respectively, and were significantly lower than the mean values for white patients in the same age range.

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The efficacy of analgesics in controlling orthodontic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01245-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caiqi Cheng ◽

Tian Xie ◽

Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Orthodontic Pain ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences

Abstract Background Patients who had gone through orthodontic treatment experienced pain and discomfort which could be the highest-ranking reason for treatment disturbance or early termination. Thus, this review aimed to assess the efficacy of analgesics on the relief of pain in orthodontic treatment. Methods A computerized literature search was conducted in the databases of EMBASE (via OVID, 1974 to 2019 Week 50), MEDLINE (via OVID, 1946 to Dec 2019), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (December 2019). The Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.3 software was applied in the present study. And methodological quality was evaluated by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results We identified twelve publications including 587 patients in 19 randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the mean difference of naproxen in visual analogue scale (VAS) were − 1.45 (95% CI -2.72, − 0.19; P = .02), − 2.11 (95% CI -3.96, − 0.26; P = .03) and − 1.90 (95% CI -3.33, − 0.47; P = .009) in 2 h, 6 h and 24 h respectively. As for ibuprofen, the standard mean differences were − 1.10 (95% CI -1.49, − 0.71), − 1.63(95% CI -2.32, − 0.95) and − 1.34 (95% CI -2.12, − 0.55) at 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h, with the overall P values all < 0.001. The mean difference of acetaminophen is − 0.68, − 1.34, − 1.91 at three time points and the overall P values all < 0.01. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that the use of analgesics is effective for patients in controlling orthodontic pain. Ibuprofen and naproxen are both of stable analgesic effects which could peak at 6 h, while the analgesic effect of acetaminophen increases steadily from 2 h through 24 h. Compared with ibuprofen and acetaminophen, naproxen shows a stronger analgesic effect either at 2 h or 6 h, and its effect lasts to 24 h.

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Anchorage condition during canine retraction using transpalatal arch with continuous and segmented arch mechanics

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/050615-306.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adel Alhadlaq ◽

Thamer Alkhadra ◽

Tarek El-Bialy

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

The Other ◽

Cephalometric Analysis ◽

Forward Movement ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Premolar Extraction ◽

Canine Retraction ◽

Before And After ◽

Point Data ◽

Transpalatal Arch

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare anchorage condition in cases in which transpalatal arch was used to enhance anchorage in both continuous and segmented arch techniques. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases that required first premolar extraction for orthodontic treatment and transpalatal arch to enhance anchorage were included in this study. Ten cases were treated using the continuous arch technique, while the other 10 cases were treated using 0.019 × 0.025-inch TMA T-loops with posterior anchorage bend according to the Burstone and Marcotte description. Lateral cephalometric analysis of before and after canine retraction was performed using Ricketts analysis to measure the anteroposterior position of the upper first molar to the vertical line from the Pt point. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test. Results: There was a statistically significant forward movement of the upper first molar in cases treated by continuous arch mechanics (4.5 ± 3.0 mm) compared with segmented arch mechanics (−0.7 ± 1.4 mm; P = .01). Conclusions: The posterior anchorage bend to T-loop used to retract the maxillary canine can enhance anchorage during maxillary canine retraction.

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The use of internal markers to estimate herbage digestibility and intake: 1. Potentially indigestible cellulose and acid insoluble ash

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600032512 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 127-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

P. D. Penning ◽

R. H. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Close Agreement ◽

Live Weight ◽

Mean Values ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Internal Markers

SUMMARYConcentrations of potentially indigestible cellulose (PIC) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) were determined in samples of feed and faeces in a study to determine their value as internal markers. PIC and AIA were then used to predict the organic-matter digestibilities (OMD) of samples of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and lucerne (Medicago sativa)of known OMD which had been determined using wether sheep. The mean values for OMD (%) measured in vivo were 67·2 and 62·8 for ryegrass and 58·0 and 55·8 for lucerne at intakes of 15 and 25 g D.M./kg live weight, respectively.The in vitro digestibility technique, using rumen liquor, gave OMD values of 69·5 and 57·4 for ryegrass and lucerne which are in close agreement with the in vivo values at the lower level of intake.The mean differences between OMD measured in vivo and that estimated using PIC were: -1·1 (± 0·65) and -1·6 (± 0·46) percentage units for ryegrass and lucerne respectively, and using AIA were: -1·4 (± 0·57) and -3·5 (± 1·61).For the two feeds tested, OMD was predicted more precisely by PIC than by AIA or the in vitro digestibility technique. However, the PIC technique required the use of rumen-fistulated animals and 10 days to digest samples of faeces; this may make the technique impractical if large numbers of determinations of PIC are required.

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