Efflux of sodium ions by a Na+/H+-antiporter during salt stress in the salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

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Enhanced Formation of 3-(MethyIthio)-1-propanol in a Salt-tolerant Yeast,Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Due to Deficiency ofS-A denosylmethionine Synthase

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1080/00021369.1991.10870931 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 55 (8) ◽

pp. 2113-2116

Author(s):

Terumichi Aoki ◽

Kinji Uchida

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerant ◽

Zygosaccharomyces Rouxii

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Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1227

Author(s):

Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽

Maria Batool ◽

Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽

Zongkai Wang ◽

Ahmed Khatab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

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Heat preadaptation improved the ability of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to salt stress: a combined physiological and transcriptomic analysis

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-020-11005-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 259-270

Author(s):

Dingkang Wang ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Jun Huang ◽

Rongqing Zhou ◽

Yao Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Transcriptomic Analysis ◽

Zygosaccharomyces Rouxii

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Morpho- biochemical evaluation of Brassica rapa sub-species for salt tolerance

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1601323j ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 323-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sohail Jan ◽

Zabta Shinwari ◽

Malik Rabbani

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Research Work ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Relative Water ◽

Maximum Tolerance ◽

Yellow Type

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect both the qualitative and quantitative characters of many Brassica rapa sub-species by disturbing its normal morphobiochemical processes. Therefore, the present research work was designed to study the effect of different NaCl events (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol) on morphological and biochemical characters and to screen salt tolerant genotypes among brown, yellow and toria types of B. rapa sub-species. The plants were grown in test tubes with addition of four level of NaCl (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol). The effect of salinity on shoot and root length, shoot/ root fresh and dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline and chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents was recorded after 4 weeks of sowing. The genotype 22861 (brown type) showed excellent morphological and biochemical performance at all stress levels followed by Toria-Sathi and Toria-A respectively as compared to Check variety TS-1. The genotype 26158 (yellow type) gave very poor performance and retard growth. The %RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased several folds with the increase of salt concentration. While, the proline contents was increased with raising of salt stress. The brown and toria types showed maximum tolerance to salt stress at early germination stages as compare to yellows one. The present study will serve as model to develop quick salt tolerant genotypes among different plant sub-species against salt stress.

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Morpho-physiological and gene expression responses of wheat by Aegilops cylindrica amphidiploids to salt stress

10.1101/2020.06.07.139220 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Razieh Kiani ◽

Ahmad Arzani ◽

S. A. M. Mirmohammady Meibody ◽

Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽

Khadijeh Razavi

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Ion Homeostasis ◽

Transcript Level ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Aegilops Cylindrica ◽

Significant Differential Expression ◽

Lower Root ◽

Vacuolar Sequestration

AbstractAegilops cylindrica Host is one of the most salt-tolerant species in the Triticeae tribe. Amphidiploid plants derived from hybridization of ‘Roshan’ × Aegilops cylindrica and ‘Chinese Spring’ × Ae. cylindrica genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance were assessed for their morpho-physiological responses and the expression patterns of two genes related to ion homeostasis under 250 mM NaCl. Results showed that salt stress caused significant declines in both their morphological and phenological traits. Moreover, salt stress reduced not only their chlorophyll content but also their root and shoot K contents and K/Na ratios, while it led to significant enhancements in the remaining traits. Similar to Ae. cylindrica, the amphidiploids subjected to salt stress exhibited significantly higher H2O2 levels, root and shoot K contents, and root and shoot K/Na ratios accompanied by lower root and shoot Na contents and MDA concentrations when compared with the same traits in the wheat parents. Quantitative Real-Time PCR showed significant differential expression patterns of the NHX1 and HKT1;5 genes between the amphidiploids and their parents. The transcript level of HKT1;5 was found to be higher in the roots than in the shoots of both the amphidiploids and Ae. cylindrica while NHX1 exhibited a higher expression in the shoot tissues. The consistency of these data provides compelling support for the hypothesis that active exclusion of Na from the roots and elevated vacuolar sequestration of Na in the leaves might explain the declining Na levels in the shoots and roots of both the amphidiploids and Ae. cylindrica relative to those measured in wheat parents. It is concluded that the hybridized amphiploids are potentially valuable resources for salt improvement in bread wheat through the backcrossing approach.

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Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

10.21203/rs.2.16313/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Wang ◽

Cong An ◽

Hailin Guo ◽

Xiangyang Yang ◽

Jingbo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

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The full-length transcriptome of Spartina alterniflora reveals the complexity of high salt tolerance in monocotyledonous halophyte

10.1101/680819 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenbin Ye ◽

Taotao Wang ◽

Wei Wei ◽

Shuaitong Lou ◽

Faxiu Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Alternative Splicing ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Protein Kinases ◽

Spartina Alterniflora ◽

High Salt ◽

Full Length ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

High Salt Tolerance

ABSTRACTSpartina alterniflora (Spartina) is the only halophyte in the salt marsh. However, the molecular basis of its high salt tolerance remains elusive. In this study, we used PacBio full-length single molecule long-read sequencing and RNA-seq to elucidate the transcriptome dynamics of high salt tolerance in Spartina by salt-gradient experiments (0, 350, 500 and 800 mM NaCl). We systematically analyzed the gene expression diversity and deciphered possible roles of ion transporters, protein kinases and photosynthesis in salt tolerance. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis revealed several hub genes in salt stress regulatory networks, including protein kinases such as SaOST1, SaCIPK10 and three SaLRRs. Furthermore, high salt stress affected the gene expression of photosynthesis through down-regulation at the transcription level and alternative splicing at the post-transcriptional level. In addition, overexpression of two Spartina salt-tolerant genes SaHSP70-I and SaAF2 in Arabidopsis significantly promoted the salt tolerance of transgenic lines. Finally, we built the SAPacBio website for visualizing the full-length transcriptome sequences, transcription factors, ncRNAs, salt-tolerant genes, and alternative splicing events in Spartina. Overall, this study sheds light on the high salt tolerance mechanisms of monocotyledonous-halophyte and demonstrates the potential of Spartina genes for engineering salt-tolerant plants.

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